
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (sqrt (fabs (/ (- (* a a) (* b b)) (* a a)))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return sqrt(fabs((((a * a) - (b * b)) / (a * a))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
code = sqrt(abs((((a * a) - (b * b)) / (a * a))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return Math.sqrt(Math.abs((((a * a) - (b * b)) / (a * a))));
}
def code(a, b): return math.sqrt(math.fabs((((a * a) - (b * b)) / (a * a))))
function code(a, b) return sqrt(abs(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) - Float64(b * b)) / Float64(a * a)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = sqrt(abs((((a * a) - (b * b)) / (a * a)))); end
code[a_, b_] := N[Sqrt[N[Abs[N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{\left|\frac{a \cdot a - b \cdot b}{a \cdot a}\right|}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 4 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (sqrt (fabs (/ (- (* a a) (* b b)) (* a a)))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return sqrt(fabs((((a * a) - (b * b)) / (a * a))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
code = sqrt(abs((((a * a) - (b * b)) / (a * a))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return Math.sqrt(Math.abs((((a * a) - (b * b)) / (a * a))));
}
def code(a, b): return math.sqrt(math.fabs((((a * a) - (b * b)) / (a * a))))
function code(a, b) return sqrt(abs(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) - Float64(b * b)) / Float64(a * a)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = sqrt(abs((((a * a) - (b * b)) / (a * a)))); end
code[a_, b_] := N[Sqrt[N[Abs[N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{\left|\frac{a \cdot a - b \cdot b}{a \cdot a}\right|}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (exp (* (log1p (- (pow (/ b a) 2.0))) 0.5)))
double code(double a, double b) {
return exp((log1p(-pow((b / a), 2.0)) * 0.5));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return Math.exp((Math.log1p(-Math.pow((b / a), 2.0)) * 0.5));
}
def code(a, b): return math.exp((math.log1p(-math.pow((b / a), 2.0)) * 0.5))
function code(a, b) return exp(Float64(log1p(Float64(-(Float64(b / a) ^ 2.0))) * 0.5)) end
code[a_, b_] := N[Exp[N[(N[Log[1 + (-N[Power[N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision])], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-{\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot 0.5}
\end{array}
Initial program 77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
fabs-div77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
fabs-sub77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-out77.7%
fabs-neg77.7%
fabs-div77.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv77.7%
+-commutative77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv77.7%
Simplified78.4%
pow1/278.4%
pow-to-exp78.4%
add-sqr-sqrt77.7%
fabs-sqr77.7%
add-sqr-sqrt77.7%
sub-neg77.7%
log1p-define77.7%
associate-*r/77.7%
frac-times100.0%
pow2100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (sqrt (fabs (- 1.0 (/ (/ b a) (/ a b))))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return sqrt(fabs((1.0 - ((b / a) / (a / b)))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
code = sqrt(abs((1.0d0 - ((b / a) / (a / b)))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return Math.sqrt(Math.abs((1.0 - ((b / a) / (a / b)))));
}
def code(a, b): return math.sqrt(math.fabs((1.0 - ((b / a) / (a / b)))))
function code(a, b) return sqrt(abs(Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(b / a) / Float64(a / b))))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = sqrt(abs((1.0 - ((b / a) / (a / b))))); end
code[a_, b_] := N[Sqrt[N[Abs[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{\left|1 - \frac{\frac{b}{a}}{\frac{a}{b}}\right|}
\end{array}
Initial program 77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
fabs-div77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
fabs-sub77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-out77.7%
fabs-neg77.7%
fabs-div77.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv77.7%
+-commutative77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv77.7%
Simplified78.4%
associate-*r/77.7%
frac-times100.0%
clear-num100.0%
un-div-inv100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (exp (* -0.5 (/ (/ b (/ a b)) a))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return exp((-0.5 * ((b / (a / b)) / a)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
code = exp(((-0.5d0) * ((b / (a / b)) / a)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return Math.exp((-0.5 * ((b / (a / b)) / a)));
}
def code(a, b): return math.exp((-0.5 * ((b / (a / b)) / a)))
function code(a, b) return exp(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(Float64(b / Float64(a / b)) / a))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = exp((-0.5 * ((b / (a / b)) / a))); end
code[a_, b_] := N[Exp[N[(-0.5 * N[(N[(b / N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
e^{-0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{b}{\frac{a}{b}}}{a}}
\end{array}
Initial program 77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
fabs-div77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
fabs-sub77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-out77.7%
fabs-neg77.7%
fabs-div77.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv77.7%
+-commutative77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv77.7%
Simplified78.4%
pow1/278.4%
pow-to-exp78.4%
add-sqr-sqrt77.7%
fabs-sqr77.7%
add-sqr-sqrt77.7%
sub-neg77.7%
log1p-define77.7%
associate-*r/77.7%
frac-times100.0%
pow2100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 77.6%
unpow277.6%
unpow277.6%
times-frac99.7%
unpow299.7%
Simplified99.7%
unpow299.7%
clear-num99.7%
div-inv99.7%
associate-/l/99.7%
associate-/r*99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (hypot 1.0 (/ b a)))
double code(double a, double b) {
return hypot(1.0, (b / a));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return Math.hypot(1.0, (b / a));
}
def code(a, b): return math.hypot(1.0, (b / a))
function code(a, b) return hypot(1.0, Float64(b / a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = hypot(1.0, (b / a)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{b}{a}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
fabs-div77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
fabs-sub77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-out77.7%
fabs-neg77.7%
fabs-div77.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv77.7%
+-commutative77.7%
sqr-neg77.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv77.7%
Simplified78.4%
associate-*r/77.7%
frac-times100.0%
clear-num100.0%
un-div-inv100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
expm1-log1p-u100.0%
expm1-undefine100.0%
Applied egg-rr98.8%
log1p-undefine98.8%
rem-exp-log98.8%
associate-+r-98.8%
+-commutative98.8%
associate-+l-98.8%
metadata-eval98.8%
--rgt-identity98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
herbie shell --seed 2024096
(FPCore (a b)
:name "Eccentricity of an ellipse"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 b) (<= b a)) (<= a 1.0))
(sqrt (fabs (/ (- (* a a) (* b b)) (* a a)))))