
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (+ (- (+ (+ x y) z) (* z (log t))) (* (- a 0.5) b)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
return (((x + y) + z) - (z * log(t))) + ((a - 0.5) * b);
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
code = (((x + y) + z) - (z * log(t))) + ((a - 0.5d0) * b)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
return (((x + y) + z) - (z * Math.log(t))) + ((a - 0.5) * b);
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b): return (((x + y) + z) - (z * math.log(t))) + ((a - 0.5) * b)
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(x + y) + z) - Float64(z * log(t))) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * b)) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = (((x + y) + z) - (z * log(t))) + ((a - 0.5) * b); end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] + z), $MachinePrecision] - N[(z * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\left(\left(x + y\right) + z\right) - z \cdot \log t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot b
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 15 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (+ (- (+ (+ x y) z) (* z (log t))) (* (- a 0.5) b)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
return (((x + y) + z) - (z * log(t))) + ((a - 0.5) * b);
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
code = (((x + y) + z) - (z * log(t))) + ((a - 0.5d0) * b)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
return (((x + y) + z) - (z * Math.log(t))) + ((a - 0.5) * b);
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b): return (((x + y) + z) - (z * math.log(t))) + ((a - 0.5) * b)
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(x + y) + z) - Float64(z * log(t))) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * b)) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = (((x + y) + z) - (z * log(t))) + ((a - 0.5) * b); end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] + z), $MachinePrecision] - N[(z * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\left(\left(x + y\right) + z\right) - z \cdot \log t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot b
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (+ (* z (- 1.0 (log t))) (fma (+ a -0.5) b (+ x y))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
return (z * (1.0 - log(t))) + fma((a + -0.5), b, (x + y));
}
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) return Float64(Float64(z * Float64(1.0 - log(t))) + fma(Float64(a + -0.5), b, Float64(x + y))) end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(z * N[(1.0 - N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * b + N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
z \cdot \left(1 - \log t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, b, x + y\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
associate--l+99.9%
associate-+r+99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
*-lft-identity99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
distribute-rgt-out--99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
fma-define99.9%
sub-neg99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
Simplified99.9%
Final simplification99.9%
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_1 (* b (- a 0.5))))
(if (<= t_1 -2e+118)
(+ (+ x y) t_1)
(if (<= t_1 5e+91)
(+ x (+ (* z (- 1.0 (log t))) y))
(+ x (fma b (+ a -0.5) y))))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double t_1 = b * (a - 0.5);
double tmp;
if (t_1 <= -2e+118) {
tmp = (x + y) + t_1;
} else if (t_1 <= 5e+91) {
tmp = x + ((z * (1.0 - log(t))) + y);
} else {
tmp = x + fma(b, (a + -0.5), y);
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) t_1 = Float64(b * Float64(a - 0.5)) tmp = 0.0 if (t_1 <= -2e+118) tmp = Float64(Float64(x + y) + t_1); elseif (t_1 <= 5e+91) tmp = Float64(x + Float64(Float64(z * Float64(1.0 - log(t))) + y)); else tmp = Float64(x + fma(b, Float64(a + -0.5), y)); end return tmp end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(b * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -2e+118], N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 5e+91], N[(x + N[(N[(z * N[(1.0 - N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(x + N[(b * N[(a + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := b \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+118}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(x + y\right) + t\_1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+91}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + \left(z \cdot \left(1 - \log t\right) + y\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + \mathsf{fma}\left(b, a + -0.5, y\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (*.f64 (-.f64 a 1/2) b) < -1.99999999999999993e118Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 96.2%
if -1.99999999999999993e118 < (*.f64 (-.f64 a 1/2) b) < 5.0000000000000002e91Initial program 99.8%
+-commutative99.8%
associate--l+99.8%
associate-+r+99.8%
+-commutative99.8%
*-lft-identity99.8%
metadata-eval99.8%
*-commutative99.8%
distribute-rgt-out--99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
fma-define99.9%
sub-neg99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
Simplified99.9%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 92.8%
if 5.0000000000000002e91 < (*.f64 (-.f64 a 1/2) b) Initial program 100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
associate--l+100.0%
associate-+r+100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
*-lft-identity100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
distribute-rgt-out--100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
fma-define100.0%
sub-neg100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 93.5%
+-commutative93.5%
sub-neg93.5%
metadata-eval93.5%
fma-define93.5%
Simplified93.5%
Final simplification93.7%
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (if (<= (+ x y) 10000000000000.0) (+ x (+ (* z (- 1.0 (log t))) (* b (- a 0.5)))) (+ x (fma b (+ a -0.5) y))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if ((x + y) <= 10000000000000.0) {
tmp = x + ((z * (1.0 - log(t))) + (b * (a - 0.5)));
} else {
tmp = x + fma(b, (a + -0.5), y);
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(x + y) <= 10000000000000.0) tmp = Float64(x + Float64(Float64(z * Float64(1.0 - log(t))) + Float64(b * Float64(a - 0.5)))); else tmp = Float64(x + fma(b, Float64(a + -0.5), y)); end return tmp end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision], 10000000000000.0], N[(x + N[(N[(z * N[(1.0 - N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(x + N[(b * N[(a + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x + y \leq 10000000000000:\\
\;\;\;\;x + \left(z \cdot \left(1 - \log t\right) + b \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + \mathsf{fma}\left(b, a + -0.5, y\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f64 x y) < 1e13Initial program 99.8%
+-commutative99.8%
associate--l+99.9%
associate-+r+99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
*-lft-identity99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
distribute-rgt-out--99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
fma-define99.9%
sub-neg99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
Simplified99.9%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 81.2%
if 1e13 < (+.f64 x y) Initial program 99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
associate--l+99.9%
associate-+r+99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
*-lft-identity99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
distribute-rgt-out--99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
fma-define100.0%
sub-neg100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 84.6%
+-commutative84.6%
sub-neg84.6%
metadata-eval84.6%
fma-define84.6%
Simplified84.6%
Final simplification82.7%
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_1 (* z (- 1.0 (log t)))))
(if (<= z -3.3e+246)
t_1
(if (<= z 1.35e+203) (+ (+ x y) (* b (- a 0.5))) (+ t_1 x)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double t_1 = z * (1.0 - log(t));
double tmp;
if (z <= -3.3e+246) {
tmp = t_1;
} else if (z <= 1.35e+203) {
tmp = (x + y) + (b * (a - 0.5));
} else {
tmp = t_1 + x;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8) :: t_1
real(8) :: tmp
t_1 = z * (1.0d0 - log(t))
if (z <= (-3.3d+246)) then
tmp = t_1
else if (z <= 1.35d+203) then
tmp = (x + y) + (b * (a - 0.5d0))
else
tmp = t_1 + x
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double t_1 = z * (1.0 - Math.log(t));
double tmp;
if (z <= -3.3e+246) {
tmp = t_1;
} else if (z <= 1.35e+203) {
tmp = (x + y) + (b * (a - 0.5));
} else {
tmp = t_1 + x;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b): t_1 = z * (1.0 - math.log(t)) tmp = 0 if z <= -3.3e+246: tmp = t_1 elif z <= 1.35e+203: tmp = (x + y) + (b * (a - 0.5)) else: tmp = t_1 + x return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) t_1 = Float64(z * Float64(1.0 - log(t))) tmp = 0.0 if (z <= -3.3e+246) tmp = t_1; elseif (z <= 1.35e+203) tmp = Float64(Float64(x + y) + Float64(b * Float64(a - 0.5))); else tmp = Float64(t_1 + x); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a, b) t_1 = z * (1.0 - log(t)); tmp = 0.0; if (z <= -3.3e+246) tmp = t_1; elseif (z <= 1.35e+203) tmp = (x + y) + (b * (a - 0.5)); else tmp = t_1 + x; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(z * N[(1.0 - N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[z, -3.3e+246], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[z, 1.35e+203], N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t$95$1 + x), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := z \cdot \left(1 - \log t\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;z \leq -3.3 \cdot 10^{+246}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;z \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{+203}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(x + y\right) + b \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1 + x\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if z < -3.3e246Initial program 100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
associate--l+100.0%
associate-+r+100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
*-lft-identity100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
distribute-rgt-out--100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
fma-define100.0%
sub-neg100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 100.0%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 78.6%
Taylor expanded in z around inf 78.6%
if -3.3e246 < z < 1.35e203Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 87.4%
if 1.35e203 < z Initial program 99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
associate--l+99.6%
associate-+r+99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
*-lft-identity99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
distribute-rgt-out--99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
fma-define99.7%
sub-neg99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 89.3%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 78.7%
Final simplification86.5%
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_1 (* z (- 1.0 (log t)))))
(if (<= z -2.9e+247)
t_1
(if (<= z 7.8e+194) (+ x (fma b (+ a -0.5) y)) (+ t_1 x)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double t_1 = z * (1.0 - log(t));
double tmp;
if (z <= -2.9e+247) {
tmp = t_1;
} else if (z <= 7.8e+194) {
tmp = x + fma(b, (a + -0.5), y);
} else {
tmp = t_1 + x;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) t_1 = Float64(z * Float64(1.0 - log(t))) tmp = 0.0 if (z <= -2.9e+247) tmp = t_1; elseif (z <= 7.8e+194) tmp = Float64(x + fma(b, Float64(a + -0.5), y)); else tmp = Float64(t_1 + x); end return tmp end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(z * N[(1.0 - N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[z, -2.9e+247], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[z, 7.8e+194], N[(x + N[(b * N[(a + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t$95$1 + x), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := z \cdot \left(1 - \log t\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;z \leq -2.9 \cdot 10^{+247}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;z \leq 7.8 \cdot 10^{+194}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + \mathsf{fma}\left(b, a + -0.5, y\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1 + x\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if z < -2.9000000000000002e247Initial program 100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
associate--l+100.0%
associate-+r+100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
*-lft-identity100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
distribute-rgt-out--100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
fma-define100.0%
sub-neg100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 100.0%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 78.6%
Taylor expanded in z around inf 78.6%
if -2.9000000000000002e247 < z < 7.80000000000000031e194Initial program 99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
associate--l+99.9%
associate-+r+99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
*-lft-identity99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
distribute-rgt-out--99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
fma-define99.9%
sub-neg99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
Simplified99.9%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 87.4%
+-commutative87.4%
sub-neg87.4%
metadata-eval87.4%
fma-define87.4%
Simplified87.4%
if 7.80000000000000031e194 < z Initial program 99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
associate--l+99.6%
associate-+r+99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
*-lft-identity99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
distribute-rgt-out--99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
fma-define99.7%
sub-neg99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 89.3%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 78.7%
Final simplification86.5%
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= z -1.16e+246) (not (<= z 1.45e+201))) (* z (- 1.0 (log t))) (+ (+ x y) (* b (- a 0.5)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if ((z <= -1.16e+246) || !(z <= 1.45e+201)) {
tmp = z * (1.0 - log(t));
} else {
tmp = (x + y) + (b * (a - 0.5));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8) :: tmp
if ((z <= (-1.16d+246)) .or. (.not. (z <= 1.45d+201))) then
tmp = z * (1.0d0 - log(t))
else
tmp = (x + y) + (b * (a - 0.5d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if ((z <= -1.16e+246) || !(z <= 1.45e+201)) {
tmp = z * (1.0 - Math.log(t));
} else {
tmp = (x + y) + (b * (a - 0.5));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b): tmp = 0 if (z <= -1.16e+246) or not (z <= 1.45e+201): tmp = z * (1.0 - math.log(t)) else: tmp = (x + y) + (b * (a - 0.5)) return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = 0.0 if ((z <= -1.16e+246) || !(z <= 1.45e+201)) tmp = Float64(z * Float64(1.0 - log(t))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(x + y) + Float64(b * Float64(a - 0.5))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = 0.0; if ((z <= -1.16e+246) || ~((z <= 1.45e+201))) tmp = z * (1.0 - log(t)); else tmp = (x + y) + (b * (a - 0.5)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := If[Or[LessEqual[z, -1.16e+246], N[Not[LessEqual[z, 1.45e+201]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(z * N[(1.0 - N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;z \leq -1.16 \cdot 10^{+246} \lor \neg \left(z \leq 1.45 \cdot 10^{+201}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;z \cdot \left(1 - \log t\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(x + y\right) + b \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if z < -1.1600000000000001e246 or 1.4500000000000001e201 < z Initial program 99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
associate--l+99.7%
associate-+r+99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
*-lft-identity99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
*-commutative99.7%
distribute-rgt-out--99.8%
metadata-eval99.8%
fma-define99.8%
sub-neg99.8%
metadata-eval99.8%
Simplified99.8%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 92.9%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 82.4%
Taylor expanded in z around inf 75.5%
if -1.1600000000000001e246 < z < 1.4500000000000001e201Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 87.4%
Final simplification86.1%
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (+ (- (+ z (+ x y)) (* z (log t))) (* b (- a 0.5))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
return ((z + (x + y)) - (z * log(t))) + (b * (a - 0.5));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
code = ((z + (x + y)) - (z * log(t))) + (b * (a - 0.5d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
return ((z + (x + y)) - (z * Math.log(t))) + (b * (a - 0.5));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b): return ((z + (x + y)) - (z * math.log(t))) + (b * (a - 0.5))
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(z + Float64(x + y)) - Float64(z * log(t))) + Float64(b * Float64(a - 0.5))) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = ((z + (x + y)) - (z * log(t))) + (b * (a - 0.5)); end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(z + N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(z * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\left(z + \left(x + y\right)\right) - z \cdot \log t\right) + b \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.9%
Final simplification99.9%
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
:precision binary64
(if (<= x -1.8e+114)
x
(if (or (<= x -1.7e-24)
(and (not (<= x -2.05e-145)) (<= x 9500000000000.0)))
(* a b)
y)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.8e+114) {
tmp = x;
} else if ((x <= -1.7e-24) || (!(x <= -2.05e-145) && (x <= 9500000000000.0))) {
tmp = a * b;
} else {
tmp = y;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.8d+114)) then
tmp = x
else if ((x <= (-1.7d-24)) .or. (.not. (x <= (-2.05d-145))) .and. (x <= 9500000000000.0d0)) then
tmp = a * b
else
tmp = y
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.8e+114) {
tmp = x;
} else if ((x <= -1.7e-24) || (!(x <= -2.05e-145) && (x <= 9500000000000.0))) {
tmp = a * b;
} else {
tmp = y;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.8e+114: tmp = x elif (x <= -1.7e-24) or (not (x <= -2.05e-145) and (x <= 9500000000000.0)): tmp = a * b else: tmp = y return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.8e+114) tmp = x; elseif ((x <= -1.7e-24) || (!(x <= -2.05e-145) && (x <= 9500000000000.0))) tmp = Float64(a * b); else tmp = y; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.8e+114) tmp = x; elseif ((x <= -1.7e-24) || (~((x <= -2.05e-145)) && (x <= 9500000000000.0))) tmp = a * b; else tmp = y; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.8e+114], x, If[Or[LessEqual[x, -1.7e-24], And[N[Not[LessEqual[x, -2.05e-145]], $MachinePrecision], LessEqual[x, 9500000000000.0]]], N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision], y]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.8 \cdot 10^{+114}:\\
\;\;\;\;x\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq -1.7 \cdot 10^{-24} \lor \neg \left(x \leq -2.05 \cdot 10^{-145}\right) \land x \leq 9500000000000:\\
\;\;\;\;a \cdot b\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;y\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.8e114Initial program 100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
associate--l+100.0%
associate-+r+100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
*-lft-identity100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
distribute-rgt-out--100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
fma-define100.0%
sub-neg100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 62.3%
if -1.8e114 < x < -1.69999999999999996e-24 or -2.0499999999999999e-145 < x < 9.5e12Initial program 99.8%
+-commutative99.8%
associate--l+99.8%
associate-+r+99.8%
+-commutative99.8%
*-lft-identity99.8%
metadata-eval99.8%
*-commutative99.8%
distribute-rgt-out--99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
fma-define99.9%
sub-neg99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
Simplified99.9%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 34.1%
*-commutative34.1%
Simplified34.1%
if -1.69999999999999996e-24 < x < -2.0499999999999999e-145 or 9.5e12 < x Initial program 99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
associate--l+99.9%
associate-+r+99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
*-lft-identity99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
distribute-rgt-out--100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
fma-define100.0%
sub-neg100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in y around inf 17.8%
Final simplification31.9%
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= b -2e+56) (not (<= b 6e+71))) (* b (- a 0.5)) (+ x (+ y (* -0.5 b)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if ((b <= -2e+56) || !(b <= 6e+71)) {
tmp = b * (a - 0.5);
} else {
tmp = x + (y + (-0.5 * b));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8) :: tmp
if ((b <= (-2d+56)) .or. (.not. (b <= 6d+71))) then
tmp = b * (a - 0.5d0)
else
tmp = x + (y + ((-0.5d0) * b))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if ((b <= -2e+56) || !(b <= 6e+71)) {
tmp = b * (a - 0.5);
} else {
tmp = x + (y + (-0.5 * b));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b): tmp = 0 if (b <= -2e+56) or not (b <= 6e+71): tmp = b * (a - 0.5) else: tmp = x + (y + (-0.5 * b)) return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = 0.0 if ((b <= -2e+56) || !(b <= 6e+71)) tmp = Float64(b * Float64(a - 0.5)); else tmp = Float64(x + Float64(y + Float64(-0.5 * b))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = 0.0; if ((b <= -2e+56) || ~((b <= 6e+71))) tmp = b * (a - 0.5); else tmp = x + (y + (-0.5 * b)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := If[Or[LessEqual[b, -2e+56], N[Not[LessEqual[b, 6e+71]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(b * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(x + N[(y + N[(-0.5 * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+56} \lor \neg \left(b \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+71}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;b \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + \left(y + -0.5 \cdot b\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < -2.00000000000000018e56 or 6.00000000000000025e71 < b Initial program 99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
associate--l+100.0%
associate-+r+100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
*-lft-identity100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
distribute-rgt-out--100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
fma-define100.0%
sub-neg100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 82.6%
if -2.00000000000000018e56 < b < 6.00000000000000025e71Initial program 99.8%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 71.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 59.8%
*-commutative59.8%
Simplified59.8%
Final simplification68.5%
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= b -1.3e+57) (not (<= b 3.2e+81))) (* b (- a 0.5)) (+ x y)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if ((b <= -1.3e+57) || !(b <= 3.2e+81)) {
tmp = b * (a - 0.5);
} else {
tmp = x + y;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8) :: tmp
if ((b <= (-1.3d+57)) .or. (.not. (b <= 3.2d+81))) then
tmp = b * (a - 0.5d0)
else
tmp = x + y
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if ((b <= -1.3e+57) || !(b <= 3.2e+81)) {
tmp = b * (a - 0.5);
} else {
tmp = x + y;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b): tmp = 0 if (b <= -1.3e+57) or not (b <= 3.2e+81): tmp = b * (a - 0.5) else: tmp = x + y return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = 0.0 if ((b <= -1.3e+57) || !(b <= 3.2e+81)) tmp = Float64(b * Float64(a - 0.5)); else tmp = Float64(x + y); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = 0.0; if ((b <= -1.3e+57) || ~((b <= 3.2e+81))) tmp = b * (a - 0.5); else tmp = x + y; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := If[Or[LessEqual[b, -1.3e+57], N[Not[LessEqual[b, 3.2e+81]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(b * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.3 \cdot 10^{+57} \lor \neg \left(b \leq 3.2 \cdot 10^{+81}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;b \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + y\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < -1.3e57 or 3.2e81 < b Initial program 99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
associate--l+100.0%
associate-+r+100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
*-lft-identity100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
distribute-rgt-out--100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
fma-define100.0%
sub-neg100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 82.6%
if -1.3e57 < b < 3.2e81Initial program 99.8%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 71.7%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 58.3%
+-commutative58.3%
Simplified58.3%
Final simplification67.6%
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= b -1.2e+54) (not (<= b 3.2e+82))) (* a b) (+ x y)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if ((b <= -1.2e+54) || !(b <= 3.2e+82)) {
tmp = a * b;
} else {
tmp = x + y;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8) :: tmp
if ((b <= (-1.2d+54)) .or. (.not. (b <= 3.2d+82))) then
tmp = a * b
else
tmp = x + y
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if ((b <= -1.2e+54) || !(b <= 3.2e+82)) {
tmp = a * b;
} else {
tmp = x + y;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b): tmp = 0 if (b <= -1.2e+54) or not (b <= 3.2e+82): tmp = a * b else: tmp = x + y return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = 0.0 if ((b <= -1.2e+54) || !(b <= 3.2e+82)) tmp = Float64(a * b); else tmp = Float64(x + y); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = 0.0; if ((b <= -1.2e+54) || ~((b <= 3.2e+82))) tmp = a * b; else tmp = x + y; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := If[Or[LessEqual[b, -1.2e+54], N[Not[LessEqual[b, 3.2e+82]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision], N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.2 \cdot 10^{+54} \lor \neg \left(b \leq 3.2 \cdot 10^{+82}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;a \cdot b\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + y\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < -1.19999999999999999e54 or 3.19999999999999975e82 < b Initial program 99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
associate--l+100.0%
associate-+r+100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
*-lft-identity100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
distribute-rgt-out--100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
fma-define100.0%
sub-neg100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 59.0%
*-commutative59.0%
Simplified59.0%
if -1.19999999999999999e54 < b < 3.19999999999999975e82Initial program 99.8%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 71.7%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 58.3%
+-commutative58.3%
Simplified58.3%
Final simplification58.6%
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -1.8e+113) (+ x (+ y (* -0.5 b))) (+ y (* b (- a 0.5)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.8e+113) {
tmp = x + (y + (-0.5 * b));
} else {
tmp = y + (b * (a - 0.5));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.8d+113)) then
tmp = x + (y + ((-0.5d0) * b))
else
tmp = y + (b * (a - 0.5d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.8e+113) {
tmp = x + (y + (-0.5 * b));
} else {
tmp = y + (b * (a - 0.5));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.8e+113: tmp = x + (y + (-0.5 * b)) else: tmp = y + (b * (a - 0.5)) return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.8e+113) tmp = Float64(x + Float64(y + Float64(-0.5 * b))); else tmp = Float64(y + Float64(b * Float64(a - 0.5))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.8e+113) tmp = x + (y + (-0.5 * b)); else tmp = y + (b * (a - 0.5)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.8e+113], N[(x + N[(y + N[(-0.5 * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(y + N[(b * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.8 \cdot 10^{+113}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + \left(y + -0.5 \cdot b\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;y + b \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.79999999999999996e113Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 100.0%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 77.3%
*-commutative77.3%
Simplified77.3%
if -1.79999999999999996e113 < x Initial program 99.8%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 76.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 62.3%
Final simplification64.5%
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (+ (+ x y) (* b (- a 0.5))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
return (x + y) + (b * (a - 0.5));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
code = (x + y) + (b * (a - 0.5d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
return (x + y) + (b * (a - 0.5));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b): return (x + y) + (b * (a - 0.5))
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) return Float64(Float64(x + y) + Float64(b * Float64(a - 0.5))) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = (x + y) + (b * (a - 0.5)); end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(x + y\right) + b \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 80.1%
Final simplification80.1%
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (if (<= y 10200000.0) x y))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (y <= 10200000.0) {
tmp = x;
} else {
tmp = y;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8) :: tmp
if (y <= 10200000.0d0) then
tmp = x
else
tmp = y
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (y <= 10200000.0) {
tmp = x;
} else {
tmp = y;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b): tmp = 0 if y <= 10200000.0: tmp = x else: tmp = y return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = 0.0 if (y <= 10200000.0) tmp = x; else tmp = y; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = 0.0; if (y <= 10200000.0) tmp = x; else tmp = y; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[y, 10200000.0], x, y]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq 10200000:\\
\;\;\;\;x\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;y\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if y < 1.02e7Initial program 99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
associate--l+99.9%
associate-+r+99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
*-lft-identity99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
distribute-rgt-out--99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
fma-define99.9%
sub-neg99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
Simplified99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 23.9%
if 1.02e7 < y Initial program 99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
associate--l+99.9%
associate-+r+99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
*-lft-identity99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
distribute-rgt-out--99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
fma-define99.9%
sub-neg99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
Simplified99.9%
Taylor expanded in y around inf 37.5%
Final simplification27.0%
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 x)
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
return x;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
code = x
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
return x;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b): return x
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) return x end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = x; end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := x
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x
\end{array}
Initial program 99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
associate--l+99.9%
associate-+r+99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
*-lft-identity99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
distribute-rgt-out--99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
fma-define99.9%
sub-neg99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
Simplified99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 22.1%
Final simplification22.1%
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (+ (+ (+ x y) (/ (* (- 1.0 (pow (log t) 2.0)) z) (+ 1.0 (log t)))) (* (- a 0.5) b)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
return ((x + y) + (((1.0 - pow(log(t), 2.0)) * z) / (1.0 + log(t)))) + ((a - 0.5) * b);
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
code = ((x + y) + (((1.0d0 - (log(t) ** 2.0d0)) * z) / (1.0d0 + log(t)))) + ((a - 0.5d0) * b)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
return ((x + y) + (((1.0 - Math.pow(Math.log(t), 2.0)) * z) / (1.0 + Math.log(t)))) + ((a - 0.5) * b);
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b): return ((x + y) + (((1.0 - math.pow(math.log(t), 2.0)) * z) / (1.0 + math.log(t)))) + ((a - 0.5) * b)
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(x + y) + Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 - (log(t) ^ 2.0)) * z) / Float64(1.0 + log(t)))) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * b)) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b) tmp = ((x + y) + (((1.0 - (log(t) ^ 2.0)) * z) / (1.0 + log(t)))) + ((a - 0.5) * b); end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\left(x + y\right) + \frac{\left(1 - {\log t}^{2}\right) \cdot z}{1 + \log t}\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot b
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024096
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
:name "Numeric.SpecFunctions:logBeta from math-functions-0.1.5.2, A"
:precision binary64
:alt
(+ (+ (+ x y) (/ (* (- 1.0 (pow (log t) 2.0)) z) (+ 1.0 (log t)))) (* (- a 0.5) b))
(+ (- (+ (+ x y) z) (* z (log t))) (* (- a 0.5) b)))