
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y): t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y) return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y; tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0); end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 4 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y): t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y) return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y; tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0); end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (* y (* y 4.0)))
(t_1 (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0)))
(t_2 (+ (* 0.5 (* (/ x y) (/ x y))) -1.0)))
(if (<= (* x x) 5e-235)
t_2
(if (<= (* x x) 1.95e-65)
t_1
(if (<= (* x x) 2e-15) t_2 (if (<= (* x x) 4e+193) t_1 1.0))))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = y * (y * 4.0);
double t_1 = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
double t_2 = (0.5 * ((x / y) * (x / y))) + -1.0;
double tmp;
if ((x * x) <= 5e-235) {
tmp = t_2;
} else if ((x * x) <= 1.95e-65) {
tmp = t_1;
} else if ((x * x) <= 2e-15) {
tmp = t_2;
} else if ((x * x) <= 4e+193) {
tmp = t_1;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: t_1
real(8) :: t_2
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = y * (y * 4.0d0)
t_1 = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
t_2 = (0.5d0 * ((x / y) * (x / y))) + (-1.0d0)
if ((x * x) <= 5d-235) then
tmp = t_2
else if ((x * x) <= 1.95d-65) then
tmp = t_1
else if ((x * x) <= 2d-15) then
tmp = t_2
else if ((x * x) <= 4d+193) then
tmp = t_1
else
tmp = 1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = y * (y * 4.0);
double t_1 = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
double t_2 = (0.5 * ((x / y) * (x / y))) + -1.0;
double tmp;
if ((x * x) <= 5e-235) {
tmp = t_2;
} else if ((x * x) <= 1.95e-65) {
tmp = t_1;
} else if ((x * x) <= 2e-15) {
tmp = t_2;
} else if ((x * x) <= 4e+193) {
tmp = t_1;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): t_0 = y * (y * 4.0) t_1 = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0) t_2 = (0.5 * ((x / y) * (x / y))) + -1.0 tmp = 0 if (x * x) <= 5e-235: tmp = t_2 elif (x * x) <= 1.95e-65: tmp = t_1 elif (x * x) <= 2e-15: tmp = t_2 elif (x * x) <= 4e+193: tmp = t_1 else: tmp = 1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(y * Float64(y * 4.0)) t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0)) t_2 = Float64(Float64(0.5 * Float64(Float64(x / y) * Float64(x / y))) + -1.0) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(x * x) <= 5e-235) tmp = t_2; elseif (Float64(x * x) <= 1.95e-65) tmp = t_1; elseif (Float64(x * x) <= 2e-15) tmp = t_2; elseif (Float64(x * x) <= 4e+193) tmp = t_1; else tmp = 1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) t_0 = y * (y * 4.0); t_1 = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0); t_2 = (0.5 * ((x / y) * (x / y))) + -1.0; tmp = 0.0; if ((x * x) <= 5e-235) tmp = t_2; elseif ((x * x) <= 1.95e-65) tmp = t_1; elseif ((x * x) <= 2e-15) tmp = t_2; elseif ((x * x) <= 4e+193) tmp = t_1; else tmp = 1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(y * N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(0.5 * N[(N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision], 5e-235], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision], 1.95e-65], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision], 2e-15], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision], 4e+193], t$95$1, 1.0]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := y \cdot \left(y \cdot 4\right)\\
t_1 := \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}\\
t_2 := 0.5 \cdot \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) + -1\\
\mathbf{if}\;x \cdot x \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-235}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \cdot x \leq 1.95 \cdot 10^{-65}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \cdot x \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \cdot x \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+193}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (*.f64 x x) < 4.9999999999999998e-235 or 1.9500000000000002e-65 < (*.f64 x x) < 2.0000000000000002e-15Initial program 54.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 82.3%
unpow282.3%
unpow282.3%
times-frac89.8%
Applied egg-rr89.8%
if 4.9999999999999998e-235 < (*.f64 x x) < 1.9500000000000002e-65 or 2.0000000000000002e-15 < (*.f64 x x) < 4.00000000000000026e193Initial program 86.7%
if 4.00000000000000026e193 < (*.f64 x x) Initial program 15.5%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 83.9%
Final simplification86.6%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.3e+16) (+ (* 0.5 (* (/ x y) (/ x y))) -1.0) 1.0))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.3e+16) {
tmp = (0.5 * ((x / y) * (x / y))) + -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 1.3d+16) then
tmp = (0.5d0 * ((x / y) * (x / y))) + (-1.0d0)
else
tmp = 1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.3e+16) {
tmp = (0.5 * ((x / y) * (x / y))) + -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= 1.3e+16: tmp = (0.5 * ((x / y) * (x / y))) + -1.0 else: tmp = 1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 1.3e+16) tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 * Float64(Float64(x / y) * Float64(x / y))) + -1.0); else tmp = 1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 1.3e+16) tmp = (0.5 * ((x / y) * (x / y))) + -1.0; else tmp = 1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.3e+16], N[(N[(0.5 * N[(N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision], 1.0]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.3 \cdot 10^{+16}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) + -1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < 1.3e16Initial program 55.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 53.9%
unpow253.9%
unpow253.9%
times-frac60.3%
Applied egg-rr60.3%
if 1.3e16 < x Initial program 30.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 83.9%
Final simplification65.8%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 9.5e+16) -1.0 1.0))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 9.5e+16) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 9.5d+16) then
tmp = -1.0d0
else
tmp = 1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 9.5e+16) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= 9.5e+16: tmp = -1.0 else: tmp = 1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 9.5e+16) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = 1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 9.5e+16) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = 1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, 9.5e+16], -1.0, 1.0]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+16}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < 9.5e16Initial program 55.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 59.1%
if 9.5e16 < x Initial program 30.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 83.9%
Final simplification64.9%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 -1.0)
double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = -1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
def code(x, y): return -1.0
function code(x, y) return -1.0 end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = -1.0; end
code[x_, y_] := -1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-1
\end{array}
Initial program 49.2%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 48.9%
Final simplification48.9%
(FPCore (x y)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (* (* y y) 4.0))
(t_1 (+ (* x x) t_0))
(t_2 (/ t_0 t_1))
(t_3 (* (* y 4.0) y)))
(if (< (/ (- (* x x) t_3) (+ (* x x) t_3)) 0.9743233849626781)
(- (/ (* x x) t_1) t_2)
(- (pow (/ x (sqrt t_1)) 2.0) t_2))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
double tmp;
if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
} else {
tmp = pow((x / sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: t_1
real(8) :: t_2
real(8) :: t_3
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0d0
t_1 = (x * x) + t_0
t_2 = t_0 / t_1
t_3 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781d0) then
tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2
else
tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ** 2.0d0) - t_2
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
double tmp;
if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
} else {
tmp = Math.pow((x / Math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0 t_1 = (x * x) + t_0 t_2 = t_0 / t_1 t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y tmp = 0 if (((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781: tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2 else: tmp = math.pow((x / math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2 return tmp
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * y) * 4.0) t_1 = Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0) t_2 = Float64(t_0 / t_1) t_3 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_3) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) / t_1) - t_2); else tmp = Float64((Float64(x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0; t_1 = (x * x) + t_0; t_2 = t_0 / t_1; t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y; tmp = 0.0; if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2; else tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$0 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.9743233849626781], N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[N[(x / N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot 4\\
t_1 := x \cdot x + t\_0\\
t_2 := \frac{t\_0}{t\_1}\\
t_3 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_3}{x \cdot x + t\_3} < 0.9743233849626781:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x}{t\_1} - t\_2\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{t\_1}}\right)}^{2} - t\_2\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024095
(FPCore (x y)
:name "Diagrams.TwoD.Arc:arcBetween from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3"
:precision binary64
:alt
(if (< (/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y))) 0.9743233849626781) (- (/ (* x x) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4.0))) (/ (* (* y y) 4.0) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4.0)))) (- (pow (/ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4.0)))) 2.0) (/ (* (* y y) 4.0) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4.0)))))
(/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y))))