Toniolo and Linder, Equation (10-)

Percentage Accurate: 35.2% → 91.1%
Time: 14.9s
Alternatives: 5
Speedup: 3.8×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  2.0
  (*
   (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k))
   (- (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = 2.0d0 / (((((t ** 3.0d0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0d0 + ((k / t) ** 2.0d0)) - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((Math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * Math.sin(k)) * Math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + Math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return 2.0 / ((((math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * math.sin(k)) * math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((t ^ 3.0) / Float64(l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 2.0 / (((((t ^ 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + ((k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(l * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(k / t), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 5 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 35.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  2.0
  (*
   (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k))
   (- (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = 2.0d0 / (((((t ** 3.0d0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0d0 + ((k / t) ** 2.0d0)) - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((Math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * Math.sin(k)) * Math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + Math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return 2.0 / ((((math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * math.sin(k)) * math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((t ^ 3.0) / Float64(l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 2.0 / (((((t ^ 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + ((k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(l * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(k / t), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 91.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{k}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (* 2.0 (* (pow (/ l k) 2.0) (/ (cos k) (* (pow (sin k) 2.0) t)))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 * (pow((l / k), 2.0) * (cos(k) / (pow(sin(k), 2.0) * t)));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = 2.0d0 * (((l / k) ** 2.0d0) * (cos(k) / ((sin(k) ** 2.0d0) * t)))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 * (Math.pow((l / k), 2.0) * (Math.cos(k) / (Math.pow(Math.sin(k), 2.0) * t)));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return 2.0 * (math.pow((l / k), 2.0) * (math.cos(k) / (math.pow(math.sin(k), 2.0) * t)))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(2.0 * Float64((Float64(l / k) ^ 2.0) * Float64(cos(k) / Float64((sin(k) ^ 2.0) * t))))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 2.0 * (((l / k) ^ 2.0) * (cos(k) / ((sin(k) ^ 2.0) * t)));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[N[(l / k), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[k], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
2 \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{k}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 32.0%

    \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative32.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right)}} \]
    2. associate-/r*32.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1}}{\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k}} \]
  3. Simplified37.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + 0}}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. clear-num37.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + 0}{2}}}}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
    2. +-rgt-identity37.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}}}{2}}}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
    3. associate-/r/37.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}} \cdot 2}}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
    4. pow-flip38.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{\left(-2\right)}} \cdot 2}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
    5. metadata-eval38.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-2}} \cdot 2}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr38.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{-2} \cdot 2}}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in k around inf 69.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. times-frac71.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}\right)} \]
    2. *-commutative71.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{\color{blue}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}}\right) \]
  9. Simplified71.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right)} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt71.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}}}\right)} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    2. pow271.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    3. div-inv70.6%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{k}^{2}}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    4. sqrt-prod70.6%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{{k}^{2}}}\right)}}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    5. sqrt-pow181.9%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\left(\color{blue}{{\ell}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{{k}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    6. metadata-eval81.9%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\left({\ell}^{\color{blue}{1}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{{k}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    7. pow181.9%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\left(\color{blue}{\ell} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{{k}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    8. pow-flip82.3%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\left(\ell \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-2\right)}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    9. metadata-eval82.3%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\left(\ell \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{\color{blue}{-2}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
  11. Applied egg-rr82.3%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\ell \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-2}}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
  12. Taylor expanded in l around 0 71.0%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
  13. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow271.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{{k}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    2. unpow271.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\color{blue}{k \cdot k}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    3. times-frac93.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell}{k} \cdot \frac{\ell}{k}\right)} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    4. *-lft-identity93.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\ell}{k} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \ell}}{k}\right) \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    5. associate-*l/93.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\ell}{k} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{k} \cdot \ell\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    6. *-lft-identity93.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \ell}}{k} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{k} \cdot \ell\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    7. associate-*l/93.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{k} \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{k} \cdot \ell\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    8. unpow293.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{k} \cdot \ell\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    9. associate-*l/93.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 \cdot \ell}{k}\right)}}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    10. *-lft-identity93.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\ell}}{k}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
  14. Simplified93.0%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{\ell}{k}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
  15. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 91.0% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \ell \cdot \frac{1}{k}\\ 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t} \cdot \left(t\_1 \cdot t\_1\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (* l (/ 1.0 k))))
   (* 2.0 (* (/ (cos k) (* (pow (sin k) 2.0) t)) (* t_1 t_1)))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	double t_1 = l * (1.0 / k);
	return 2.0 * ((cos(k) / (pow(sin(k), 2.0) * t)) * (t_1 * t_1));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8) :: t_1
    t_1 = l * (1.0d0 / k)
    code = 2.0d0 * ((cos(k) / ((sin(k) ** 2.0d0) * t)) * (t_1 * t_1))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	double t_1 = l * (1.0 / k);
	return 2.0 * ((Math.cos(k) / (Math.pow(Math.sin(k), 2.0) * t)) * (t_1 * t_1));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	t_1 = l * (1.0 / k)
	return 2.0 * ((math.cos(k) / (math.pow(math.sin(k), 2.0) * t)) * (t_1 * t_1))
function code(t, l, k)
	t_1 = Float64(l * Float64(1.0 / k))
	return Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(cos(k) / Float64((sin(k) ^ 2.0) * t)) * Float64(t_1 * t_1)))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	t_1 = l * (1.0 / k);
	tmp = 2.0 * ((cos(k) / ((sin(k) ^ 2.0) * t)) * (t_1 * t_1));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(l * N[(1.0 / k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(2.0 * N[(N[(N[Cos[k], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \ell \cdot \frac{1}{k}\\
2 \cdot \left(\frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t} \cdot \left(t\_1 \cdot t\_1\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 32.0%

    \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative32.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right)}} \]
    2. associate-/r*32.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1}}{\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k}} \]
  3. Simplified37.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + 0}}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. clear-num37.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + 0}{2}}}}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
    2. +-rgt-identity37.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}}}{2}}}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
    3. associate-/r/37.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}} \cdot 2}}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
    4. pow-flip38.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{\left(-2\right)}} \cdot 2}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
    5. metadata-eval38.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-2}} \cdot 2}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr38.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{-2} \cdot 2}}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in k around inf 69.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. times-frac71.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}\right)} \]
    2. *-commutative71.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{\color{blue}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}}\right) \]
  9. Simplified71.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right)} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt71.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}}}\right)} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    2. pow271.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    3. div-inv70.6%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{k}^{2}}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    4. sqrt-prod70.6%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{{k}^{2}}}\right)}}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    5. sqrt-pow181.9%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\left(\color{blue}{{\ell}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{{k}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    6. metadata-eval81.9%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\left({\ell}^{\color{blue}{1}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{{k}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    7. pow181.9%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\left(\color{blue}{\ell} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{{k}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    8. pow-flip82.3%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\left(\ell \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-2\right)}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    9. metadata-eval82.3%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left({\left(\ell \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{\color{blue}{-2}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
  11. Applied egg-rr82.3%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\ell \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-2}}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow282.3%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\ell \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-2}}\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-2}}\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    2. *-commutative82.3%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{{k}^{-2}} \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    3. sqrt-pow154.7%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\left(\left(\color{blue}{{k}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    4. metadata-eval54.7%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\left(\left({k}^{\color{blue}{-1}} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    5. inv-pow54.7%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\left(\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{k}} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-2}}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    6. *-commutative54.7%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\left(\left(\frac{1}{k} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{{k}^{-2}} \cdot \ell\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    7. sqrt-pow193.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\left(\left(\frac{1}{k} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{k}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}} \cdot \ell\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    8. metadata-eval93.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\left(\left(\frac{1}{k} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \left({k}^{\color{blue}{-1}} \cdot \ell\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
    9. inv-pow93.0%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\left(\left(\frac{1}{k} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{k}} \cdot \ell\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
  13. Applied egg-rr93.0%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{k} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{k} \cdot \ell\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right) \]
  14. Final simplification93.0%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t} \cdot \left(\left(\ell \cdot \frac{1}{k}\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{1}{k}\right)\right)\right) \]
  15. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 70.3% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\ell \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-159}:\\ \;\;\;\;\ell \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{{k}^{4}}}{t}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{t \cdot {k}^{2}}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= l 4.2e-159)
   (* l (* 2.0 (/ (/ l (pow k 4.0)) t)))
   (* 2.0 (* (/ (pow l 2.0) (pow k 2.0)) (/ 1.0 (* t (pow k 2.0)))))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	double tmp;
	if (l <= 4.2e-159) {
		tmp = l * (2.0 * ((l / pow(k, 4.0)) / t));
	} else {
		tmp = 2.0 * ((pow(l, 2.0) / pow(k, 2.0)) * (1.0 / (t * pow(k, 2.0))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (l <= 4.2d-159) then
        tmp = l * (2.0d0 * ((l / (k ** 4.0d0)) / t))
    else
        tmp = 2.0d0 * (((l ** 2.0d0) / (k ** 2.0d0)) * (1.0d0 / (t * (k ** 2.0d0))))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	double tmp;
	if (l <= 4.2e-159) {
		tmp = l * (2.0 * ((l / Math.pow(k, 4.0)) / t));
	} else {
		tmp = 2.0 * ((Math.pow(l, 2.0) / Math.pow(k, 2.0)) * (1.0 / (t * Math.pow(k, 2.0))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(t, l, k):
	tmp = 0
	if l <= 4.2e-159:
		tmp = l * (2.0 * ((l / math.pow(k, 4.0)) / t))
	else:
		tmp = 2.0 * ((math.pow(l, 2.0) / math.pow(k, 2.0)) * (1.0 / (t * math.pow(k, 2.0))))
	return tmp
function code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (l <= 4.2e-159)
		tmp = Float64(l * Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(l / (k ^ 4.0)) / t)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64((l ^ 2.0) / (k ^ 2.0)) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(t * (k ^ 2.0)))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (l <= 4.2e-159)
		tmp = l * (2.0 * ((l / (k ^ 4.0)) / t));
	else
		tmp = 2.0 * (((l ^ 2.0) / (k ^ 2.0)) * (1.0 / (t * (k ^ 2.0))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := If[LessEqual[l, 4.2e-159], N[(l * N[(2.0 * N[(N[(l / N[Power[k, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(2.0 * N[(N[(N[Power[l, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[k, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(t * N[Power[k, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\ell \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-159}:\\
\;\;\;\;\ell \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{{k}^{4}}}{t}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{t \cdot {k}^{2}}\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if l < 4.1999999999999998e-159

    1. Initial program 32.4%

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
    2. Simplified38.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{{t}^{3} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in k around 0 61.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}} \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-exp-log49.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{2}{{k}^{4} \cdot t} \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)}} \]
      2. *-commutative49.1%

        \[\leadsto e^{\log \left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}} \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)} \]
      3. pow249.1%

        \[\leadsto e^{\log \left(\frac{2}{t \cdot {k}^{4}} \cdot \color{blue}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr49.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{2}{t \cdot {k}^{4}} \cdot {\ell}^{2}\right)}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r*49.1%

        \[\leadsto e^{\log \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{{k}^{4}}} \cdot {\ell}^{2}\right)} \]
      2. pow249.1%

        \[\leadsto e^{\log \left(\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{{k}^{4}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}\right)} \]
      3. associate-*r*56.0%

        \[\leadsto e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{{k}^{4}} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell\right)}} \]
      4. add-exp-log72.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{{k}^{4}} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell} \]
      5. div-inv72.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{t} \cdot \frac{1}{{k}^{4}}\right)} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
      6. pow-flip72.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{2}{t} \cdot \color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-4\right)}}\right) \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
      7. metadata-eval72.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{2}{t} \cdot {k}^{\color{blue}{-4}}\right) \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
    8. Applied egg-rr72.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{2}{t} \cdot {k}^{-4}\right) \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in t around 0 72.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}\right)} \cdot \ell \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r*73.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{{k}^{4}}}{t}}\right) \cdot \ell \]
    11. Simplified73.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{{k}^{4}}}{t}\right)} \cdot \ell \]

    if 4.1999999999999998e-159 < l

    1. Initial program 31.1%

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative31.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right)}} \]
      2. associate-/r*31.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1}}{\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k}} \]
    3. Simplified39.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + 0}}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. clear-num39.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + 0}{2}}}}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
      2. +-rgt-identity39.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}}}{2}}}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
      3. associate-/r/39.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}} \cdot 2}}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
      4. pow-flip41.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{\left(-2\right)}} \cdot 2}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
      5. metadata-eval41.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-2}} \cdot 2}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr41.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{-2} \cdot 2}}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in k around inf 76.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac77.1%

        \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}\right)} \]
      2. *-commutative77.1%

        \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{\color{blue}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}}\right) \]
    9. Simplified77.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot t}\right)} \]
    10. Taylor expanded in k around 0 59.3%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{{k}^{2} \cdot t}}\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification68.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\ell \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-159}:\\ \;\;\;\;\ell \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{{k}^{4}}}{t}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{t \cdot {k}^{2}}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 69.5% accurate, 3.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \ell \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{{k}^{4}}}{t}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k) :precision binary64 (* l (* 2.0 (/ (/ l (pow k 4.0)) t))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return l * (2.0 * ((l / pow(k, 4.0)) / t));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = l * (2.0d0 * ((l / (k ** 4.0d0)) / t))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return l * (2.0 * ((l / Math.pow(k, 4.0)) / t));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return l * (2.0 * ((l / math.pow(k, 4.0)) / t))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(l * Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(l / (k ^ 4.0)) / t)))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = l * (2.0 * ((l / (k ^ 4.0)) / t));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(l * N[(2.0 * N[(N[(l / N[Power[k, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\ell \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{{k}^{4}}}{t}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 32.0%

    \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
  2. Simplified39.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{{t}^{3} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in k around 0 58.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}} \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right) \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-exp-log43.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{2}{{k}^{4} \cdot t} \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)}} \]
    2. *-commutative43.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\log \left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}} \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)} \]
    3. pow243.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\log \left(\frac{2}{t \cdot {k}^{4}} \cdot \color{blue}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr43.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{2}{t \cdot {k}^{4}} \cdot {\ell}^{2}\right)}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r*43.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\log \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{{k}^{4}}} \cdot {\ell}^{2}\right)} \]
    2. pow243.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\log \left(\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{{k}^{4}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}\right)} \]
    3. associate-*r*48.3%

      \[\leadsto e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{{k}^{4}} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell\right)}} \]
    4. add-exp-log66.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{{k}^{4}} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell} \]
    5. div-inv66.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{t} \cdot \frac{1}{{k}^{4}}\right)} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
    6. pow-flip66.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{2}{t} \cdot \color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-4\right)}}\right) \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
    7. metadata-eval66.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{2}{t} \cdot {k}^{\color{blue}{-4}}\right) \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
  8. Applied egg-rr66.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{2}{t} \cdot {k}^{-4}\right) \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in t around 0 66.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}\right)} \cdot \ell \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r*67.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{{k}^{4}}}{t}}\right) \cdot \ell \]
  11. Simplified67.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{{k}^{4}}}{t}\right)} \cdot \ell \]
  12. Final simplification67.1%

    \[\leadsto \ell \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{{k}^{4}}}{t}\right) \]
  13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 68.9% accurate, 3.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \ell \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k) :precision binary64 (* l (* 2.0 (/ l (* t (pow k 4.0))))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return l * (2.0 * (l / (t * pow(k, 4.0))));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = l * (2.0d0 * (l / (t * (k ** 4.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return l * (2.0 * (l / (t * Math.pow(k, 4.0))));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return l * (2.0 * (l / (t * math.pow(k, 4.0))))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(l * Float64(2.0 * Float64(l / Float64(t * (k ^ 4.0)))))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = l * (2.0 * (l / (t * (k ^ 4.0))));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(l * N[(2.0 * N[(l / N[(t * N[Power[k, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\ell \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 32.0%

    \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
  2. Simplified39.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{{t}^{3} \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in k around 0 58.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}} \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right) \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-exp-log43.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{2}{{k}^{4} \cdot t} \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)}} \]
    2. *-commutative43.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\log \left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}} \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)} \]
    3. pow243.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\log \left(\frac{2}{t \cdot {k}^{4}} \cdot \color{blue}{{\ell}^{2}}\right)} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr43.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{2}{t \cdot {k}^{4}} \cdot {\ell}^{2}\right)}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r*43.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\log \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{{k}^{4}}} \cdot {\ell}^{2}\right)} \]
    2. pow243.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\log \left(\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{{k}^{4}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}\right)} \]
    3. associate-*r*48.3%

      \[\leadsto e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{{k}^{4}} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell\right)}} \]
    4. add-exp-log66.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{2}{t}}{{k}^{4}} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell} \]
    5. div-inv66.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{t} \cdot \frac{1}{{k}^{4}}\right)} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
    6. pow-flip66.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{2}{t} \cdot \color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-4\right)}}\right) \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
    7. metadata-eval66.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{2}{t} \cdot {k}^{\color{blue}{-4}}\right) \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
  8. Applied egg-rr66.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{2}{t} \cdot {k}^{-4}\right) \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in t around 0 66.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}\right)} \cdot \ell \]
  10. Final simplification66.9%

    \[\leadsto \ell \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}\right) \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024094 
(FPCore (t l k)
  :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (10-)"
  :precision binary64
  (/ 2.0 (* (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k)) (- (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))