Beckmann Distribution sample, tan2theta, alphax != alphay, u1 <= 0.5

Percentage Accurate: 61.2% → 98.4%
Time: 14.7s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(\left(\left(0.0001 \leq alphax \land alphax \leq 1\right) \land \left(0.0001 \leq alphay \land alphay \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u0 \land u0 \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0 \leq cos2phi \land cos2phi \leq 1\right)\right) \land 0 \leq sin2phi\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
 :precision binary32
 (/
  (- (log (- 1.0 u0)))
  (+ (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax)) (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay)))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
	return -logf((1.0f - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)));
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
    real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
    code = -log((1.0e0 - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)))
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	return Float32(Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0))) / Float32(Float32(cos2phi / Float32(alphax * alphax)) + Float32(sin2phi / Float32(alphay * alphay))))
end
function tmp = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = -log((single(1.0) - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 61.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
 :precision binary32
 (/
  (- (log (- 1.0 u0)))
  (+ (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax)) (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay)))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
	return -logf((1.0f - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)));
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
    real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
    code = -log((1.0e0 - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)))
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	return Float32(Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0))) / Float32(Float32(cos2phi / Float32(alphax * alphax)) + Float32(sin2phi / Float32(alphay * alphay))))
end
function tmp = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = -log((single(1.0) - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 98.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{-alphax} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
 :precision binary32
 (/
  (log1p (- u0))
  (- (/ (/ cos2phi alphax) (- alphax)) (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay)))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
	return log1pf(-u0) / (((cos2phi / alphax) / -alphax) - (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)));
}
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	return Float32(log1p(Float32(-u0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(cos2phi / alphax) / Float32(-alphax)) - Float32(sin2phi / Float32(alphay * alphay))))
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{-alphax} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 59.1%

    \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. distribute-frac-neg59.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    2. distribute-neg-frac259.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
    3. sub-neg59.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)} \]
    4. log1p-define97.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)} \]
    5. neg-sub097.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
    6. associate--r+97.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}\right) - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    7. neg-sub097.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(-\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}\right)} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    8. associate-/r*98.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\left(-\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax}}\right) - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    9. distribute-neg-frac298.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{-alphax}} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
  3. Simplified98.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{-alphax} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 86.5% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 0.05000000074505806:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{1}{alphax \cdot \frac{alphax}{cos2phi}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax} - t\_0}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay))))
   (if (<= t_0 0.05000000074505806)
     (/
      u0
      (+ (/ 1.0 (* alphax (/ alphax cos2phi))) (/ sin2phi (pow alphay 2.0))))
     (/ (log1p (- u0)) (- (/ (/ cos2phi alphax) alphax) t_0)))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
	float t_0 = sin2phi / (alphay * alphay);
	float tmp;
	if (t_0 <= 0.05000000074505806f) {
		tmp = u0 / ((1.0f / (alphax * (alphax / cos2phi))) + (sin2phi / powf(alphay, 2.0f)));
	} else {
		tmp = log1pf(-u0) / (((cos2phi / alphax) / alphax) - t_0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	t_0 = Float32(sin2phi / Float32(alphay * alphay))
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (t_0 <= Float32(0.05000000074505806))
		tmp = Float32(u0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(alphax * Float32(alphax / cos2phi))) + Float32(sin2phi / (alphay ^ Float32(2.0)))));
	else
		tmp = Float32(log1p(Float32(-u0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(cos2phi / alphax) / alphax) - t_0));
	end
	return tmp
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 0.05000000074505806:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{1}{alphax \cdot \frac{alphax}{cos2phi}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax} - t\_0}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f32 sin2phi (*.f32 alphay alphay)) < 0.0500000007

    1. Initial program 50.6%

      \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-frac-neg50.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac250.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      3. neg-mul-150.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      4. associate-/r*50.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg50.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-\left(-\log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)}}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      6. distribute-frac-neg50.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      7. distribute-neg-frac250.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{--1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      8. metadata-eval50.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      9. /-rgt-identity50.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      10. sub-neg50.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      11. log1p-define98.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    3. Simplified98.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 78.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. pow278.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
      2. associate-/r*78.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
      3. clear-num78.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{alphax}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
      4. inv-pow78.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{alphax}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}\right)}^{-1}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr78.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{alphax}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}\right)}^{-1}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow-178.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{alphax}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
      2. associate-/r/78.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{alphax}{cos2phi} \cdot alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
    9. Simplified78.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{alphax}{cos2phi} \cdot alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]

    if 0.0500000007 < (/.f32 sin2phi (*.f32 alphay alphay))

    1. Initial program 65.0%

      \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-frac-neg65.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac265.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      3. sub-neg65.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)} \]
      4. log1p-define97.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)} \]
      5. neg-sub097.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      6. associate--r+97.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}\right) - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      7. neg-sub097.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(-\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}\right)} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      8. associate-/r*97.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\left(-\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax}}\right) - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      9. distribute-neg-frac297.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{-alphax}} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    3. Simplified97.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{-alphax} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{-alphax} \cdot \sqrt{-alphax}}} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      2. sqrt-unprod96.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-alphax\right) \cdot \left(-alphax\right)}}} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      3. sqr-neg96.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      4. sqrt-prod96.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{alphax} \cdot \sqrt{alphax}}} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      5. add-sqr-sqrt96.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{\color{blue}{alphax}} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      6. div-inv96.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax} \cdot \frac{1}{alphax}} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr96.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax} \cdot \frac{1}{alphax}} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/96.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax} \cdot 1}{alphax}} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      2. *-rgt-identity96.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}}{alphax} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    8. Simplified96.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax}} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification89.3%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} \leq 0.05000000074505806:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{1}{alphax \cdot \frac{alphax}{cos2phi}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 80.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 9.99999993922529 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{1}{alphax \cdot \frac{alphax}{cos2phi}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{alphay}^{2} \cdot \left(u0 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi} + \frac{1}{sin2phi}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= sin2phi 9.99999993922529e-9)
   (/
    u0
    (+ (/ 1.0 (* alphax (/ alphax cos2phi))) (/ sin2phi (pow alphay 2.0))))
   (* (pow alphay 2.0) (* u0 (+ (* 0.5 (/ u0 sin2phi)) (/ 1.0 sin2phi))))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
	float tmp;
	if (sin2phi <= 9.99999993922529e-9f) {
		tmp = u0 / ((1.0f / (alphax * (alphax / cos2phi))) + (sin2phi / powf(alphay, 2.0f)));
	} else {
		tmp = powf(alphay, 2.0f) * (u0 * ((0.5f * (u0 / sin2phi)) + (1.0f / sin2phi)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
    real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
    real(4) :: tmp
    if (sin2phi <= 9.99999993922529e-9) then
        tmp = u0 / ((1.0e0 / (alphax * (alphax / cos2phi))) + (sin2phi / (alphay ** 2.0e0)))
    else
        tmp = (alphay ** 2.0e0) * (u0 * ((0.5e0 * (u0 / sin2phi)) + (1.0e0 / sin2phi)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (sin2phi <= Float32(9.99999993922529e-9))
		tmp = Float32(u0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(alphax * Float32(alphax / cos2phi))) + Float32(sin2phi / (alphay ^ Float32(2.0)))));
	else
		tmp = Float32((alphay ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(u0 * Float32(Float32(Float32(0.5) * Float32(u0 / sin2phi)) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / sin2phi))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if (sin2phi <= single(9.99999993922529e-9))
		tmp = u0 / ((single(1.0) / (alphax * (alphax / cos2phi))) + (sin2phi / (alphay ^ single(2.0))));
	else
		tmp = (alphay ^ single(2.0)) * (u0 * ((single(0.5) * (u0 / sin2phi)) + (single(1.0) / sin2phi)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 9.99999993922529 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{1}{alphax \cdot \frac{alphax}{cos2phi}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{alphay}^{2} \cdot \left(u0 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi} + \frac{1}{sin2phi}\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if sin2phi < 9.99999994e-9

    1. Initial program 51.3%

      \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-frac-neg51.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac251.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      3. neg-mul-151.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      4. associate-/r*51.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg51.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-\left(-\log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)}}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      6. distribute-frac-neg51.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      7. distribute-neg-frac251.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{--1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      8. metadata-eval51.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      9. /-rgt-identity51.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      10. sub-neg51.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      11. log1p-define98.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    3. Simplified98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 78.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. pow278.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
      2. associate-/r*78.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
      3. clear-num78.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{alphax}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
      4. inv-pow78.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{alphax}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}\right)}^{-1}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr78.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{alphax}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}\right)}^{-1}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow-178.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{alphax}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
      2. associate-/r/78.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{alphax}{cos2phi} \cdot alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
    9. Simplified78.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{alphax}{cos2phi} \cdot alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]

    if 9.99999994e-9 < sin2phi

    1. Initial program 63.8%

      \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-frac-neg63.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac263.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      3. sub-neg63.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)} \]
      4. log1p-define97.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)} \]
      5. neg-sub097.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      6. associate--r+97.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}\right) - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      7. neg-sub097.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(-\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}\right)} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      8. associate-/r*97.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\left(-\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax}}\right) - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      9. distribute-neg-frac297.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{-alphax}} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    3. Simplified97.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{-alphax} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in cos2phi around 0 65.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)}{sin2phi}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg65.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)}{sin2phi}} \]
      2. associate-/l*65.1%

        \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{sin2phi}} \]
      3. distribute-rgt-neg-in65.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \left(-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{sin2phi}\right)} \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac265.1%

        \[\leadsto {alphay}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-sin2phi}} \]
      5. sub-neg65.1%

        \[\leadsto {alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{-sin2phi} \]
      6. log1p-define97.5%

        \[\leadsto {alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{-sin2phi} \]
    7. Simplified97.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{-sin2phi}} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 89.3%

      \[\leadsto {alphay}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u0 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi} + \frac{1}{sin2phi}\right)\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification85.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 9.99999993922529 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{1}{alphax \cdot \frac{alphax}{cos2phi}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{alphay}^{2} \cdot \left(u0 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi} + \frac{1}{sin2phi}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 80.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 9.99999993922529 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax} \cdot \frac{1}{alphax}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{alphay}^{2} \cdot \left(u0 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi} + \frac{1}{sin2phi}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= sin2phi 9.99999993922529e-9)
   (/
    u0
    (+ (/ sin2phi (pow alphay 2.0)) (* (/ cos2phi alphax) (/ 1.0 alphax))))
   (* (pow alphay 2.0) (* u0 (+ (* 0.5 (/ u0 sin2phi)) (/ 1.0 sin2phi))))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
	float tmp;
	if (sin2phi <= 9.99999993922529e-9f) {
		tmp = u0 / ((sin2phi / powf(alphay, 2.0f)) + ((cos2phi / alphax) * (1.0f / alphax)));
	} else {
		tmp = powf(alphay, 2.0f) * (u0 * ((0.5f * (u0 / sin2phi)) + (1.0f / sin2phi)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
    real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
    real(4) :: tmp
    if (sin2phi <= 9.99999993922529e-9) then
        tmp = u0 / ((sin2phi / (alphay ** 2.0e0)) + ((cos2phi / alphax) * (1.0e0 / alphax)))
    else
        tmp = (alphay ** 2.0e0) * (u0 * ((0.5e0 * (u0 / sin2phi)) + (1.0e0 / sin2phi)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (sin2phi <= Float32(9.99999993922529e-9))
		tmp = Float32(u0 / Float32(Float32(sin2phi / (alphay ^ Float32(2.0))) + Float32(Float32(cos2phi / alphax) * Float32(Float32(1.0) / alphax))));
	else
		tmp = Float32((alphay ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(u0 * Float32(Float32(Float32(0.5) * Float32(u0 / sin2phi)) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / sin2phi))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if (sin2phi <= single(9.99999993922529e-9))
		tmp = u0 / ((sin2phi / (alphay ^ single(2.0))) + ((cos2phi / alphax) * (single(1.0) / alphax)));
	else
		tmp = (alphay ^ single(2.0)) * (u0 * ((single(0.5) * (u0 / sin2phi)) + (single(1.0) / sin2phi)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 9.99999993922529 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax} \cdot \frac{1}{alphax}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{alphay}^{2} \cdot \left(u0 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi} + \frac{1}{sin2phi}\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if sin2phi < 9.99999994e-9

    1. Initial program 51.3%

      \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-frac-neg51.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac251.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      3. neg-mul-151.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      4. associate-/r*51.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg51.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-\left(-\log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)}}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      6. distribute-frac-neg51.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      7. distribute-neg-frac251.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{--1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      8. metadata-eval51.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      9. /-rgt-identity51.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      10. sub-neg51.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      11. log1p-define98.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    3. Simplified98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 78.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. pow278.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
      2. associate-/r*78.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
      3. div-inv78.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax} \cdot \frac{1}{alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr78.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax} \cdot \frac{1}{alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} \]

    if 9.99999994e-9 < sin2phi

    1. Initial program 63.8%

      \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-frac-neg63.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac263.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      3. sub-neg63.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)} \]
      4. log1p-define97.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)} \]
      5. neg-sub097.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      6. associate--r+97.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}\right) - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      7. neg-sub097.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(-\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}\right)} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      8. associate-/r*97.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\left(-\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax}}\right) - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      9. distribute-neg-frac297.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{-alphax}} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    3. Simplified97.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{-alphax} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in cos2phi around 0 65.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)}{sin2phi}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg65.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)}{sin2phi}} \]
      2. associate-/l*65.1%

        \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{sin2phi}} \]
      3. distribute-rgt-neg-in65.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \left(-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{sin2phi}\right)} \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac265.1%

        \[\leadsto {alphay}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-sin2phi}} \]
      5. sub-neg65.1%

        \[\leadsto {alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{-sin2phi} \]
      6. log1p-define97.5%

        \[\leadsto {alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{-sin2phi} \]
    7. Simplified97.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{-sin2phi}} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 89.3%

      \[\leadsto {alphay}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u0 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi} + \frac{1}{sin2phi}\right)\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification85.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 9.99999993922529 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax} \cdot \frac{1}{alphax}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{alphay}^{2} \cdot \left(u0 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi} + \frac{1}{sin2phi}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 73.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 4.0000000781659255 \cdot 10^{-25}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0 \cdot {alphax}^{2}}{cos2phi}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{alphay}^{2} \cdot \left(u0 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi} + \frac{1}{sin2phi}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= sin2phi 4.0000000781659255e-25)
   (/ (* u0 (pow alphax 2.0)) cos2phi)
   (* (pow alphay 2.0) (* u0 (+ (* 0.5 (/ u0 sin2phi)) (/ 1.0 sin2phi))))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
	float tmp;
	if (sin2phi <= 4.0000000781659255e-25f) {
		tmp = (u0 * powf(alphax, 2.0f)) / cos2phi;
	} else {
		tmp = powf(alphay, 2.0f) * (u0 * ((0.5f * (u0 / sin2phi)) + (1.0f / sin2phi)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
    real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
    real(4) :: tmp
    if (sin2phi <= 4.0000000781659255e-25) then
        tmp = (u0 * (alphax ** 2.0e0)) / cos2phi
    else
        tmp = (alphay ** 2.0e0) * (u0 * ((0.5e0 * (u0 / sin2phi)) + (1.0e0 / sin2phi)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (sin2phi <= Float32(4.0000000781659255e-25))
		tmp = Float32(Float32(u0 * (alphax ^ Float32(2.0))) / cos2phi);
	else
		tmp = Float32((alphay ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(u0 * Float32(Float32(Float32(0.5) * Float32(u0 / sin2phi)) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / sin2phi))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if (sin2phi <= single(4.0000000781659255e-25))
		tmp = (u0 * (alphax ^ single(2.0))) / cos2phi;
	else
		tmp = (alphay ^ single(2.0)) * (u0 * ((single(0.5) * (u0 / sin2phi)) + (single(1.0) / sin2phi)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 4.0000000781659255 \cdot 10^{-25}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{u0 \cdot {alphax}^{2}}{cos2phi}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{alphay}^{2} \cdot \left(u0 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi} + \frac{1}{sin2phi}\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if sin2phi < 4.00000008e-25

    1. Initial program 51.5%

      \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-frac-neg51.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac251.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      3. neg-mul-151.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      4. associate-/r*51.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg51.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-\left(-\log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)}}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      6. distribute-frac-neg51.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      7. distribute-neg-frac251.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{--1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      8. metadata-eval51.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      9. /-rgt-identity51.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      10. sub-neg51.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      11. log1p-define98.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    3. Simplified98.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 77.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in cos2phi around inf 62.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{alphax}^{2} \cdot u0}{cos2phi}} \]

    if 4.00000008e-25 < sin2phi

    1. Initial program 60.7%

      \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-frac-neg60.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac260.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      3. sub-neg60.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)} \]
      4. log1p-define97.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)} \]
      5. neg-sub097.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      6. associate--r+97.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}\right) - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      7. neg-sub097.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(-\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}\right)} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      8. associate-/r*97.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\left(-\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax}}\right) - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      9. distribute-neg-frac297.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{-alphax}} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    3. Simplified97.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{-alphax} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in cos2phi around 0 58.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)}{sin2phi}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg58.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)}{sin2phi}} \]
      2. associate-/l*58.7%

        \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{sin2phi}} \]
      3. distribute-rgt-neg-in58.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \left(-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{sin2phi}\right)} \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac258.7%

        \[\leadsto {alphay}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-sin2phi}} \]
      5. sub-neg58.7%

        \[\leadsto {alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{-sin2phi} \]
      6. log1p-define90.7%

        \[\leadsto {alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{-sin2phi} \]
    7. Simplified90.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{-sin2phi}} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 83.4%

      \[\leadsto {alphay}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u0 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi} + \frac{1}{sin2phi}\right)\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification79.7%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 4.0000000781659255 \cdot 10^{-25}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0 \cdot {alphax}^{2}}{cos2phi}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{alphay}^{2} \cdot \left(u0 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi} + \frac{1}{sin2phi}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 65.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 4.0000000781659255 \cdot 10^{-25}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0 \cdot {alphax}^{2}}{cos2phi}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= sin2phi 4.0000000781659255e-25)
   (/ (* u0 (pow alphax 2.0)) cos2phi)
   (* (pow alphay 2.0) (/ u0 sin2phi))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
	float tmp;
	if (sin2phi <= 4.0000000781659255e-25f) {
		tmp = (u0 * powf(alphax, 2.0f)) / cos2phi;
	} else {
		tmp = powf(alphay, 2.0f) * (u0 / sin2phi);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
    real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
    real(4) :: tmp
    if (sin2phi <= 4.0000000781659255e-25) then
        tmp = (u0 * (alphax ** 2.0e0)) / cos2phi
    else
        tmp = (alphay ** 2.0e0) * (u0 / sin2phi)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (sin2phi <= Float32(4.0000000781659255e-25))
		tmp = Float32(Float32(u0 * (alphax ^ Float32(2.0))) / cos2phi);
	else
		tmp = Float32((alphay ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(u0 / sin2phi));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if (sin2phi <= single(4.0000000781659255e-25))
		tmp = (u0 * (alphax ^ single(2.0))) / cos2phi;
	else
		tmp = (alphay ^ single(2.0)) * (u0 / sin2phi);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 4.0000000781659255 \cdot 10^{-25}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{u0 \cdot {alphax}^{2}}{cos2phi}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if sin2phi < 4.00000008e-25

    1. Initial program 51.5%

      \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-frac-neg51.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac251.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      3. neg-mul-151.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      4. associate-/r*51.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg51.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-\left(-\log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)}}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      6. distribute-frac-neg51.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      7. distribute-neg-frac251.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{--1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      8. metadata-eval51.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      9. /-rgt-identity51.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      10. sub-neg51.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      11. log1p-define98.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    3. Simplified98.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 77.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in cos2phi around inf 62.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{alphax}^{2} \cdot u0}{cos2phi}} \]

    if 4.00000008e-25 < sin2phi

    1. Initial program 60.7%

      \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-frac-neg60.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac260.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      3. neg-mul-160.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      4. associate-/r*60.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg60.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-\left(-\log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)}}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      6. distribute-frac-neg60.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      7. distribute-neg-frac260.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{--1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      8. metadata-eval60.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      9. /-rgt-identity60.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      10. sub-neg60.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      11. log1p-define97.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    3. Simplified97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 77.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in cos2phi around 0 72.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{sin2phi}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*72.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi}} \]
    8. Simplified72.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification70.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 4.0000000781659255 \cdot 10^{-25}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0 \cdot {alphax}^{2}}{cos2phi}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 65.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 4.0000000781659255 \cdot 10^{-25}:\\ \;\;\;\;{alphax}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{cos2phi}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= sin2phi 4.0000000781659255e-25)
   (* (pow alphax 2.0) (/ u0 cos2phi))
   (* (pow alphay 2.0) (/ u0 sin2phi))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
	float tmp;
	if (sin2phi <= 4.0000000781659255e-25f) {
		tmp = powf(alphax, 2.0f) * (u0 / cos2phi);
	} else {
		tmp = powf(alphay, 2.0f) * (u0 / sin2phi);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
    real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
    real(4) :: tmp
    if (sin2phi <= 4.0000000781659255e-25) then
        tmp = (alphax ** 2.0e0) * (u0 / cos2phi)
    else
        tmp = (alphay ** 2.0e0) * (u0 / sin2phi)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (sin2phi <= Float32(4.0000000781659255e-25))
		tmp = Float32((alphax ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(u0 / cos2phi));
	else
		tmp = Float32((alphay ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(u0 / sin2phi));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if (sin2phi <= single(4.0000000781659255e-25))
		tmp = (alphax ^ single(2.0)) * (u0 / cos2phi);
	else
		tmp = (alphay ^ single(2.0)) * (u0 / sin2phi);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 4.0000000781659255 \cdot 10^{-25}:\\
\;\;\;\;{alphax}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{cos2phi}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if sin2phi < 4.00000008e-25

    1. Initial program 51.5%

      \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-frac-neg51.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac251.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      3. neg-mul-151.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      4. associate-/r*51.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg51.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-\left(-\log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)}}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      6. distribute-frac-neg51.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      7. distribute-neg-frac251.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{--1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      8. metadata-eval51.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      9. /-rgt-identity51.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      10. sub-neg51.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      11. log1p-define98.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    3. Simplified98.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 77.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in cos2phi around inf 62.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{alphax}^{2} \cdot u0}{cos2phi}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*62.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{alphax}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{cos2phi}} \]
    8. Simplified62.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{alphax}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{cos2phi}} \]

    if 4.00000008e-25 < sin2phi

    1. Initial program 60.7%

      \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-frac-neg60.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac260.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      3. neg-mul-160.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
      4. associate-/r*60.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      5. remove-double-neg60.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-\left(-\log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)}}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      6. distribute-frac-neg60.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      7. distribute-neg-frac260.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{--1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      8. metadata-eval60.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      9. /-rgt-identity60.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      10. sub-neg60.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      11. log1p-define97.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    3. Simplified97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 77.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in cos2phi around 0 72.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{sin2phi}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*72.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi}} \]
    8. Simplified72.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{sin2phi}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 23.6% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {alphax}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{cos2phi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
 :precision binary32
 (* (pow alphax 2.0) (/ u0 cos2phi)))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
	return powf(alphax, 2.0f) * (u0 / cos2phi);
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
    real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
    code = (alphax ** 2.0e0) * (u0 / cos2phi)
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	return Float32((alphax ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(u0 / cos2phi))
end
function tmp = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = (alphax ^ single(2.0)) * (u0 / cos2phi);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
{alphax}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{cos2phi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 59.1%

    \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. distribute-frac-neg59.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    2. distribute-neg-frac259.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-\left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
    3. neg-mul-159.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}\right)}} \]
    4. associate-/r*59.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
    5. remove-double-neg59.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-\left(-\log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)}}{-1}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    6. distribute-frac-neg59.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{-1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    7. distribute-neg-frac259.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{--1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    8. metadata-eval59.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{1}}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    9. /-rgt-identity59.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    10. sub-neg59.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u0\right)\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    11. log1p-define97.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
  3. Simplified97.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 77.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in cos2phi around inf 21.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{alphax}^{2} \cdot u0}{cos2phi}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*21.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{alphax}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{cos2phi}} \]
  8. Simplified21.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{alphax}^{2} \cdot \frac{u0}{cos2phi}} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024090 
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
  :name "Beckmann Distribution sample, tan2theta, alphax != alphay, u1 <= 0.5"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (and (and (<= 0.0001 alphax) (<= alphax 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0001 alphay) (<= alphay 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u0) (<= u0 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 cos2phi) (<= cos2phi 1.0))) (<= 0.0 sin2phi))
  (/ (- (log (- 1.0 u0))) (+ (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax)) (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay)))))