VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (6)

Percentage Accurate: 76.1% → 99.0%
Time: 57.9s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (F l)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* PI l) (* (/ 1.0 (* F F)) (tan (* PI l)))))
double code(double F, double l) {
	return (((double) M_PI) * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((((double) M_PI) * l)));
}
public static double code(double F, double l) {
	return (Math.PI * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * Math.tan((Math.PI * l)));
}
def code(F, l):
	return (math.pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * math.tan((math.pi * l)))
function code(F, l)
	return Float64(Float64(pi * l) - Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(F * F)) * tan(Float64(pi * l))))
end
function tmp = code(F, l)
	tmp = (pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((pi * l)));
end
code[F_, l_] := N[(N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(1.0 / N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 76.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (F l)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* PI l) (* (/ 1.0 (* F F)) (tan (* PI l)))))
double code(double F, double l) {
	return (((double) M_PI) * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((((double) M_PI) * l)));
}
public static double code(double F, double l) {
	return (Math.PI * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * Math.tan((Math.PI * l)));
}
def code(F, l):
	return (math.pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * math.tan((math.pi * l)))
function code(F, l)
	return Float64(Float64(pi * l) - Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(F * F)) * tan(Float64(pi * l))))
end
function tmp = code(F, l)
	tmp = (pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((pi * l)));
end
code[F_, l_] := N[(N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(1.0 / N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.0% accurate, 0.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l\_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)\\ l\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l\_m \leq 5000000000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m + \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{F}}{F}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m - \mathsf{expm1}\left(\frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{{t\_0}^{2}}{{F}^{2} \cdot {t\_1}^{2}} + \frac{t\_0}{t\_1}}{{F}^{2}}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]
l\_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (* PI l_m))) (t_1 (cos (* PI l_m))))
   (*
    l_s
    (if (<= (* PI l_m) 5000000000000.0)
      (+ (* PI l_m) (/ (* (tan (* PI l_m)) (/ -1.0 F)) F))
      (-
       (* PI l_m)
       (expm1
        (/
         (+
          (* -0.5 (/ (pow t_0 2.0) (* (pow F 2.0) (pow t_1 2.0))))
          (/ t_0 t_1))
         (pow F 2.0))))))))
l\_m = fabs(l);
l\_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double t_0 = sin((((double) M_PI) * l_m));
	double t_1 = cos((((double) M_PI) * l_m));
	double tmp;
	if ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) <= 5000000000000.0) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * l_m) + ((tan((((double) M_PI) * l_m)) * (-1.0 / F)) / F);
	} else {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * l_m) - expm1((((-0.5 * (pow(t_0, 2.0) / (pow(F, 2.0) * pow(t_1, 2.0)))) + (t_0 / t_1)) / pow(F, 2.0)));
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l\_m = Math.abs(l);
l\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double t_0 = Math.sin((Math.PI * l_m));
	double t_1 = Math.cos((Math.PI * l_m));
	double tmp;
	if ((Math.PI * l_m) <= 5000000000000.0) {
		tmp = (Math.PI * l_m) + ((Math.tan((Math.PI * l_m)) * (-1.0 / F)) / F);
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.PI * l_m) - Math.expm1((((-0.5 * (Math.pow(t_0, 2.0) / (Math.pow(F, 2.0) * Math.pow(t_1, 2.0)))) + (t_0 / t_1)) / Math.pow(F, 2.0)));
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l\_m = math.fabs(l)
l\_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
def code(l_s, F, l_m):
	t_0 = math.sin((math.pi * l_m))
	t_1 = math.cos((math.pi * l_m))
	tmp = 0
	if (math.pi * l_m) <= 5000000000000.0:
		tmp = (math.pi * l_m) + ((math.tan((math.pi * l_m)) * (-1.0 / F)) / F)
	else:
		tmp = (math.pi * l_m) - math.expm1((((-0.5 * (math.pow(t_0, 2.0) / (math.pow(F, 2.0) * math.pow(t_1, 2.0)))) + (t_0 / t_1)) / math.pow(F, 2.0)))
	return l_s * tmp
l\_m = abs(l)
l\_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(pi * l_m))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(pi * l_m))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(pi * l_m) <= 5000000000000.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) + Float64(Float64(tan(Float64(pi * l_m)) * Float64(-1.0 / F)) / F));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - expm1(Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64((t_0 ^ 2.0) / Float64((F ^ 2.0) * (t_1 ^ 2.0)))) + Float64(t_0 / t_1)) / (F ^ 2.0))));
	end
	return Float64(l_s * tmp)
end
l\_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(l$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 5000000000000.0], N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Tan[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-1.0 / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(Exp[N[(N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(N[Power[t$95$0, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[F, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[t$95$1, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$0 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[F, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
l\_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sin \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)\\
t_1 := \cos \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)\\
l\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l\_m \leq 5000000000000:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m + \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{F}}{F}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m - \mathsf{expm1}\left(\frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{{t\_0}^{2}}{{F}^{2} \cdot {t\_1}^{2}} + \frac{t\_0}{t\_1}}{{F}^{2}}\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 5e12

    1. Initial program 79.7%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r*79.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{F}}{F}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval79.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1}}}{F}}{F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      3. add-sqr-sqrt36.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{F} \cdot \sqrt{F}}}}{F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      4. sqrt-prod67.3%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{F \cdot F}}}}{F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      5. sqrt-div67.3%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{F \cdot F}}}}{F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      6. associate-*l/67.3%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{F \cdot F}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}} \]
      7. sqrt-div67.3%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{F \cdot F}}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F} \]
      8. metadata-eval67.3%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{F \cdot F}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F} \]
      9. sqrt-prod40.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{F} \cdot \sqrt{F}}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F} \]
      10. add-sqr-sqrt87.2%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{F}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F} \]
    4. Applied egg-rr87.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}} \]

    if 5e12 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l)

    1. Initial program 66.1%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/66.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
      2. *-un-lft-identity66.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
      3. expm1-log1p-u58.4%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}\right)\right)} \]
      4. div-inv58.4%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{1}{F \cdot F}}\right)\right) \]
      5. pow258.4%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{F}^{2}}}\right)\right) \]
      6. pow-flip58.4%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{F}^{\left(-2\right)}}\right)\right) \]
      7. metadata-eval58.4%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot {F}^{\color{blue}{-2}}\right)\right) \]
    4. Applied egg-rr58.4%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot {F}^{-2}\right)\right)} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in F around inf 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\ell \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}{{F}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\ell \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}} + \frac{\sin \left(\ell \cdot \pi\right)}{\cos \left(\ell \cdot \pi\right)}}{{F}^{2}}}\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification90.0%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq 5000000000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell + \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{F}}{F}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell - \mathsf{expm1}\left(\frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}^{2}}{{F}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}^{2}} + \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{{F}^{2}}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 90.7% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l\_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m + \frac{1}{F \cdot \frac{F \cdot \left({l\_m}^{2} \cdot \left({\pi}^{3} \cdot \frac{0.3333333333333333}{{\pi}^{2}}\right)\right) - \frac{F}{\pi}}{l\_m}}\right) \end{array} \]
l\_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  l_s
  (+
   (* PI l_m)
   (/
    1.0
    (*
     F
     (/
      (-
       (*
        F
        (* (pow l_m 2.0) (* (pow PI 3.0) (/ 0.3333333333333333 (pow PI 2.0)))))
       (/ F PI))
      l_m))))))
l\_m = fabs(l);
l\_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	return l_s * ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) + (1.0 / (F * (((F * (pow(l_m, 2.0) * (pow(((double) M_PI), 3.0) * (0.3333333333333333 / pow(((double) M_PI), 2.0))))) - (F / ((double) M_PI))) / l_m))));
}
l\_m = Math.abs(l);
l\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	return l_s * ((Math.PI * l_m) + (1.0 / (F * (((F * (Math.pow(l_m, 2.0) * (Math.pow(Math.PI, 3.0) * (0.3333333333333333 / Math.pow(Math.PI, 2.0))))) - (F / Math.PI)) / l_m))));
}
l\_m = math.fabs(l)
l\_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
def code(l_s, F, l_m):
	return l_s * ((math.pi * l_m) + (1.0 / (F * (((F * (math.pow(l_m, 2.0) * (math.pow(math.pi, 3.0) * (0.3333333333333333 / math.pow(math.pi, 2.0))))) - (F / math.pi)) / l_m))))
l\_m = abs(l)
l\_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	return Float64(l_s * Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) + Float64(1.0 / Float64(F * Float64(Float64(Float64(F * Float64((l_m ^ 2.0) * Float64((pi ^ 3.0) * Float64(0.3333333333333333 / (pi ^ 2.0))))) - Float64(F / pi)) / l_m)))))
end
l\_m = abs(l);
l\_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
function tmp = code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = l_s * ((pi * l_m) + (1.0 / (F * (((F * ((l_m ^ 2.0) * ((pi ^ 3.0) * (0.3333333333333333 / (pi ^ 2.0))))) - (F / pi)) / l_m))));
end
l\_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / N[(F * N[(N[(N[(F * N[(N[Power[l$95$m, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[Pi, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.3333333333333333 / N[Power[Pi, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(F / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
l\_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m + \frac{1}{F \cdot \frac{F \cdot \left({l\_m}^{2} \cdot \left({\pi}^{3} \cdot \frac{0.3333333333333333}{{\pi}^{2}}\right)\right) - \frac{F}{\pi}}{l\_m}}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 76.7%

    \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r/76.8%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{F \cdot F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
    2. pow276.8%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{{F}^{2}}}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}} \]
  4. Applied egg-rr76.8%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{{F}^{2}}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. pow276.8%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}} \]
    2. associate-/l*82.5%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{F \cdot \frac{F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr82.5%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{F \cdot \frac{F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in l around 0 92.2%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \frac{F \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{3} - -0.5 \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right)\right)}{{\pi}^{2}} + \frac{F}{\pi}}{\ell}}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Simplified92.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{F}{\pi} - F \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left({\pi}^{3} \cdot \frac{0.3333333333333333}{{\pi}^{2}}\right)\right)}{\ell}}} \]
    2. Final simplification92.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell + \frac{1}{F \cdot \frac{F \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left({\pi}^{3} \cdot \frac{0.3333333333333333}{{\pi}^{2}}\right)\right) - \frac{F}{\pi}}{\ell}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 82.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} l\_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l\_m \leq 10^{-57}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\frac{l\_m}{F}}{\frac{F}{\pi}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}{F \cdot F}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    l\_m = (fabs.f64 l)
    l\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) l)
    (FPCore (l_s F l_m)
     :precision binary64
     (*
      l_s
      (if (<= (* PI l_m) 1e-57)
        (- (* PI l_m) (/ (/ l_m F) (/ F PI)))
        (- (* PI l_m) (/ (tan (* PI l_m)) (* F F))))))
    l\_m = fabs(l);
    l\_s = copysign(1.0, l);
    double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
    	double tmp;
    	if ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) <= 1e-57) {
    		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * l_m) - ((l_m / F) / (F / ((double) M_PI)));
    	} else {
    		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * l_m) - (tan((((double) M_PI) * l_m)) / (F * F));
    	}
    	return l_s * tmp;
    }
    
    l\_m = Math.abs(l);
    l\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
    public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
    	double tmp;
    	if ((Math.PI * l_m) <= 1e-57) {
    		tmp = (Math.PI * l_m) - ((l_m / F) / (F / Math.PI));
    	} else {
    		tmp = (Math.PI * l_m) - (Math.tan((Math.PI * l_m)) / (F * F));
    	}
    	return l_s * tmp;
    }
    
    l\_m = math.fabs(l)
    l\_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
    def code(l_s, F, l_m):
    	tmp = 0
    	if (math.pi * l_m) <= 1e-57:
    		tmp = (math.pi * l_m) - ((l_m / F) / (F / math.pi))
    	else:
    		tmp = (math.pi * l_m) - (math.tan((math.pi * l_m)) / (F * F))
    	return l_s * tmp
    
    l\_m = abs(l)
    l\_s = copysign(1.0, l)
    function code(l_s, F, l_m)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (Float64(pi * l_m) <= 1e-57)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(Float64(l_m / F) / Float64(F / pi)));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(tan(Float64(pi * l_m)) / Float64(F * F)));
    	end
    	return Float64(l_s * tmp)
    end
    
    l\_m = abs(l);
    l\_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
    function tmp_2 = code(l_s, F, l_m)
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if ((pi * l_m) <= 1e-57)
    		tmp = (pi * l_m) - ((l_m / F) / (F / pi));
    	else
    		tmp = (pi * l_m) - (tan((pi * l_m)) / (F * F));
    	end
    	tmp_2 = l_s * tmp;
    end
    
    l\_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
    l\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
    code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 1e-57], N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(l$95$m / F), $MachinePrecision] / N[(F / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Tan[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    l\_m = \left|\ell\right|
    \\
    l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)
    
    \\
    l\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l\_m \leq 10^{-57}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\frac{l\_m}{F}}{\frac{F}{\pi}}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}{F \cdot F}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 9.99999999999999955e-58

      1. Initial program 79.0%

        \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutative79.0%

          \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{1}{F \cdot F}} \]
        2. sqr-neg79.0%

          \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
        3. associate-*r/79.2%

          \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot 1}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
        4. sqr-neg79.2%

          \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
        5. *-rgt-identity79.2%

          \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
      3. Simplified79.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in l around 0 74.3%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutative74.3%

          \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell}}{F \cdot F} \]
        2. times-frac82.0%

          \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}} \]
      7. Applied egg-rr82.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}} \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutative82.0%

          \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{F} \cdot \frac{\pi}{F}} \]
        2. clear-num82.0%

          \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\ell}{F} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{F}{\pi}}} \]
        3. un-div-inv82.0%

          \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{F}}{\frac{F}{\pi}}} \]
      9. Applied egg-rr82.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{F}}{\frac{F}{\pi}}} \]

      if 9.99999999999999955e-58 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l)

      1. Initial program 70.0%

        \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutative70.0%

          \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{1}{F \cdot F}} \]
        2. sqr-neg70.0%

          \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
        3. associate-*r/70.0%

          \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot 1}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
        4. sqr-neg70.0%

          \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
        5. *-rgt-identity70.0%

          \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
      3. Simplified70.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    4. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 82.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} l\_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m + \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{F}}{F}\right) \end{array} \]
    l\_m = (fabs.f64 l)
    l\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) l)
    (FPCore (l_s F l_m)
     :precision binary64
     (* l_s (+ (* PI l_m) (/ (* (tan (* PI l_m)) (/ -1.0 F)) F))))
    l\_m = fabs(l);
    l\_s = copysign(1.0, l);
    double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
    	return l_s * ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) + ((tan((((double) M_PI) * l_m)) * (-1.0 / F)) / F));
    }
    
    l\_m = Math.abs(l);
    l\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
    public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
    	return l_s * ((Math.PI * l_m) + ((Math.tan((Math.PI * l_m)) * (-1.0 / F)) / F));
    }
    
    l\_m = math.fabs(l)
    l\_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
    def code(l_s, F, l_m):
    	return l_s * ((math.pi * l_m) + ((math.tan((math.pi * l_m)) * (-1.0 / F)) / F))
    
    l\_m = abs(l)
    l\_s = copysign(1.0, l)
    function code(l_s, F, l_m)
    	return Float64(l_s * Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) + Float64(Float64(tan(Float64(pi * l_m)) * Float64(-1.0 / F)) / F)))
    end
    
    l\_m = abs(l);
    l\_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
    function tmp = code(l_s, F, l_m)
    	tmp = l_s * ((pi * l_m) + ((tan((pi * l_m)) * (-1.0 / F)) / F));
    end
    
    l\_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
    l\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
    code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Tan[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-1.0 / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    l\_m = \left|\ell\right|
    \\
    l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)
    
    \\
    l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m + \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{F}}{F}\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 76.7%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r*76.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{F}}{F}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval76.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1}}}{F}}{F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      3. add-sqr-sqrt35.2%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{F} \cdot \sqrt{F}}}}{F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      4. sqrt-prod66.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{F \cdot F}}}}{F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      5. sqrt-div66.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{F \cdot F}}}}{F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      6. associate-*l/66.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{F \cdot F}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}} \]
      7. sqrt-div66.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{F \cdot F}}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F} \]
      8. metadata-eval66.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{F \cdot F}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F} \]
      9. sqrt-prod38.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{F} \cdot \sqrt{F}}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F} \]
      10. add-sqr-sqrt82.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{F}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F} \]
    4. Applied egg-rr82.5%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}} \]
    5. Final simplification82.5%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell + \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{F}}{F} \]
    6. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 5: 82.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} l\_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m + \frac{-1}{F \cdot \frac{F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}}\right) \end{array} \]
    l\_m = (fabs.f64 l)
    l\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) l)
    (FPCore (l_s F l_m)
     :precision binary64
     (* l_s (+ (* PI l_m) (/ -1.0 (* F (/ F (tan (* PI l_m))))))))
    l\_m = fabs(l);
    l\_s = copysign(1.0, l);
    double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
    	return l_s * ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) + (-1.0 / (F * (F / tan((((double) M_PI) * l_m))))));
    }
    
    l\_m = Math.abs(l);
    l\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
    public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
    	return l_s * ((Math.PI * l_m) + (-1.0 / (F * (F / Math.tan((Math.PI * l_m))))));
    }
    
    l\_m = math.fabs(l)
    l\_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
    def code(l_s, F, l_m):
    	return l_s * ((math.pi * l_m) + (-1.0 / (F * (F / math.tan((math.pi * l_m))))))
    
    l\_m = abs(l)
    l\_s = copysign(1.0, l)
    function code(l_s, F, l_m)
    	return Float64(l_s * Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) + Float64(-1.0 / Float64(F * Float64(F / tan(Float64(pi * l_m)))))))
    end
    
    l\_m = abs(l);
    l\_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
    function tmp = code(l_s, F, l_m)
    	tmp = l_s * ((pi * l_m) + (-1.0 / (F * (F / tan((pi * l_m))))));
    end
    
    l\_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
    l\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
    code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(F * N[(F / N[Tan[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    l\_m = \left|\ell\right|
    \\
    l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)
    
    \\
    l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m + \frac{-1}{F \cdot \frac{F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}}\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 76.7%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r/76.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{F \cdot F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
      2. pow276.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{{F}^{2}}}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}} \]
    4. Applied egg-rr76.8%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{{F}^{2}}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. pow276.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}} \]
      2. associate-/l*82.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{F \cdot \frac{F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr82.5%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{F \cdot \frac{F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
    7. Final simplification82.5%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell + \frac{-1}{F \cdot \frac{F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}} \]
    8. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 6: 82.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} l\_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}{F}}{F}\right) \end{array} \]
    l\_m = (fabs.f64 l)
    l\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) l)
    (FPCore (l_s F l_m)
     :precision binary64
     (* l_s (- (* PI l_m) (/ (/ (tan (* PI l_m)) F) F))))
    l\_m = fabs(l);
    l\_s = copysign(1.0, l);
    double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
    	return l_s * ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) - ((tan((((double) M_PI) * l_m)) / F) / F));
    }
    
    l\_m = Math.abs(l);
    l\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
    public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
    	return l_s * ((Math.PI * l_m) - ((Math.tan((Math.PI * l_m)) / F) / F));
    }
    
    l\_m = math.fabs(l)
    l\_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
    def code(l_s, F, l_m):
    	return l_s * ((math.pi * l_m) - ((math.tan((math.pi * l_m)) / F) / F))
    
    l\_m = abs(l)
    l\_s = copysign(1.0, l)
    function code(l_s, F, l_m)
    	return Float64(l_s * Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(Float64(tan(Float64(pi * l_m)) / F) / F)))
    end
    
    l\_m = abs(l);
    l\_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
    function tmp = code(l_s, F, l_m)
    	tmp = l_s * ((pi * l_m) - ((tan((pi * l_m)) / F) / F));
    end
    
    l\_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
    l\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
    code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[Tan[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    l\_m = \left|\ell\right|
    \\
    l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)
    
    \\
    l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}{F}}{F}\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 76.7%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/76.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
      2. *-un-lft-identity76.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
      3. associate-/r*82.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
    4. Applied egg-rr82.5%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 7: 74.9% accurate, 10.3× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} l\_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\frac{l\_m}{F}}{\frac{F}{\pi}}\right) \end{array} \]
    l\_m = (fabs.f64 l)
    l\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) l)
    (FPCore (l_s F l_m)
     :precision binary64
     (* l_s (- (* PI l_m) (/ (/ l_m F) (/ F PI)))))
    l\_m = fabs(l);
    l\_s = copysign(1.0, l);
    double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
    	return l_s * ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) - ((l_m / F) / (F / ((double) M_PI))));
    }
    
    l\_m = Math.abs(l);
    l\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
    public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
    	return l_s * ((Math.PI * l_m) - ((l_m / F) / (F / Math.PI)));
    }
    
    l\_m = math.fabs(l)
    l\_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
    def code(l_s, F, l_m):
    	return l_s * ((math.pi * l_m) - ((l_m / F) / (F / math.pi)))
    
    l\_m = abs(l)
    l\_s = copysign(1.0, l)
    function code(l_s, F, l_m)
    	return Float64(l_s * Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(Float64(l_m / F) / Float64(F / pi))))
    end
    
    l\_m = abs(l);
    l\_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
    function tmp = code(l_s, F, l_m)
    	tmp = l_s * ((pi * l_m) - ((l_m / F) / (F / pi)));
    end
    
    l\_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
    l\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
    code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(l$95$m / F), $MachinePrecision] / N[(F / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    l\_m = \left|\ell\right|
    \\
    l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)
    
    \\
    l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\frac{l\_m}{F}}{\frac{F}{\pi}}\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 76.7%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative76.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{1}{F \cdot F}} \]
      2. sqr-neg76.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. associate-*r/76.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot 1}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      4. sqr-neg76.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
      5. *-rgt-identity76.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
    3. Simplified76.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in l around 0 69.8%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative69.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell}}{F \cdot F} \]
      2. times-frac75.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr75.6%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative75.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{F} \cdot \frac{\pi}{F}} \]
      2. clear-num75.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\ell}{F} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{F}{\pi}}} \]
      3. un-div-inv75.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{F}}{\frac{F}{\pi}}} \]
    9. Applied egg-rr75.6%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{F}}{\frac{F}{\pi}}} \]
    10. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 8: 74.9% accurate, 10.3× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} l\_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{l\_m \cdot \frac{\pi}{F}}{F}\right) \end{array} \]
    l\_m = (fabs.f64 l)
    l\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) l)
    (FPCore (l_s F l_m)
     :precision binary64
     (* l_s (- (* PI l_m) (/ (* l_m (/ PI F)) F))))
    l\_m = fabs(l);
    l\_s = copysign(1.0, l);
    double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
    	return l_s * ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) - ((l_m * (((double) M_PI) / F)) / F));
    }
    
    l\_m = Math.abs(l);
    l\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
    public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
    	return l_s * ((Math.PI * l_m) - ((l_m * (Math.PI / F)) / F));
    }
    
    l\_m = math.fabs(l)
    l\_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
    def code(l_s, F, l_m):
    	return l_s * ((math.pi * l_m) - ((l_m * (math.pi / F)) / F))
    
    l\_m = abs(l)
    l\_s = copysign(1.0, l)
    function code(l_s, F, l_m)
    	return Float64(l_s * Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(Float64(l_m * Float64(pi / F)) / F)))
    end
    
    l\_m = abs(l);
    l\_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
    function tmp = code(l_s, F, l_m)
    	tmp = l_s * ((pi * l_m) - ((l_m * (pi / F)) / F));
    end
    
    l\_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
    l\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
    code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(l$95$m * N[(Pi / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    l\_m = \left|\ell\right|
    \\
    l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)
    
    \\
    l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{l\_m \cdot \frac{\pi}{F}}{F}\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 76.7%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r*76.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{F}}{F}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval76.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1}}}{F}}{F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      3. add-sqr-sqrt35.2%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{F} \cdot \sqrt{F}}}}{F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      4. sqrt-prod66.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{F \cdot F}}}}{F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      5. sqrt-div66.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{F \cdot F}}}}{F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      6. associate-*l/66.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{F \cdot F}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}} \]
      7. sqrt-div66.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{F \cdot F}}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F} \]
      8. metadata-eval66.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{F \cdot F}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F} \]
      9. sqrt-prod38.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{F} \cdot \sqrt{F}}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F} \]
      10. add-sqr-sqrt82.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{F}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F} \]
    4. Applied egg-rr82.5%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in l around 0 75.6%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\ell \cdot \pi}{F}}}{F} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*75.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{\pi}{F}}}{F} \]
    7. Simplified75.6%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{\pi}{F}}}{F} \]
    8. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 9: 74.9% accurate, 10.3× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} l\_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{l\_m}{F} \cdot \frac{\pi}{F}\right) \end{array} \]
    l\_m = (fabs.f64 l)
    l\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) l)
    (FPCore (l_s F l_m)
     :precision binary64
     (* l_s (- (* PI l_m) (* (/ l_m F) (/ PI F)))))
    l\_m = fabs(l);
    l\_s = copysign(1.0, l);
    double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
    	return l_s * ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) - ((l_m / F) * (((double) M_PI) / F)));
    }
    
    l\_m = Math.abs(l);
    l\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
    public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
    	return l_s * ((Math.PI * l_m) - ((l_m / F) * (Math.PI / F)));
    }
    
    l\_m = math.fabs(l)
    l\_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
    def code(l_s, F, l_m):
    	return l_s * ((math.pi * l_m) - ((l_m / F) * (math.pi / F)))
    
    l\_m = abs(l)
    l\_s = copysign(1.0, l)
    function code(l_s, F, l_m)
    	return Float64(l_s * Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(Float64(l_m / F) * Float64(pi / F))))
    end
    
    l\_m = abs(l);
    l\_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
    function tmp = code(l_s, F, l_m)
    	tmp = l_s * ((pi * l_m) - ((l_m / F) * (pi / F)));
    end
    
    l\_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
    l\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
    code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(l$95$m / F), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Pi / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    l\_m = \left|\ell\right|
    \\
    l\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)
    
    \\
    l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{l\_m}{F} \cdot \frac{\pi}{F}\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 76.7%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative76.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{1}{F \cdot F}} \]
      2. sqr-neg76.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. associate-*r/76.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot 1}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      4. sqr-neg76.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
      5. *-rgt-identity76.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
    3. Simplified76.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in l around 0 69.8%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative69.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell}}{F \cdot F} \]
      2. times-frac75.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr75.6%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}} \]
    8. Final simplification75.6%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\ell}{F} \cdot \frac{\pi}{F} \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Reproduce

    ?
    herbie shell --seed 2024090 
    (FPCore (F l)
      :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (6)"
      :precision binary64
      (- (* PI l) (* (/ 1.0 (* F F)) (tan (* PI l)))))