
(FPCore (x s) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))) (t_1 (+ 1.0 t_0))) (/ t_0 (* (* s t_1) t_1))))
float code(float x, float s) {
float t_0 = expf((-fabsf(x) / s));
float t_1 = 1.0f + t_0;
return t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1);
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(4), intent (in) :: s
real(4) :: t_0
real(4) :: t_1
t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s))
t_1 = 1.0e0 + t_0
code = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1)
end function
function code(x, s) t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s)) t_1 = Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(s * t_1) * t_1)) end
function tmp = code(x, s) t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s)); t_1 = single(1.0) + t_0; tmp = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\
t_1 := 1 + t\_0\\
\frac{t\_0}{\left(s \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x s) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))) (t_1 (+ 1.0 t_0))) (/ t_0 (* (* s t_1) t_1))))
float code(float x, float s) {
float t_0 = expf((-fabsf(x) / s));
float t_1 = 1.0f + t_0;
return t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1);
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(4), intent (in) :: s
real(4) :: t_0
real(4) :: t_1
t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s))
t_1 = 1.0e0 + t_0
code = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1)
end function
function code(x, s) t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s)) t_1 = Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(s * t_1) * t_1)) end
function tmp = code(x, s) t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s)); t_1 = single(1.0) + t_0; tmp = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\
t_1 := 1 + t\_0\\
\frac{t\_0}{\left(s \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1}
\end{array}
\end{array}
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ x_m (- s))))) (/ (/ t_0 s) (pow (+ t_0 1.0) 2.0))))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
float t_0 = expf((x_m / -s));
return (t_0 / s) / powf((t_0 + 1.0f), 2.0f);
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
real(4) :: t_0
t_0 = exp((x_m / -s))
code = (t_0 / s) / ((t_0 + 1.0e0) ** 2.0e0)
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) t_0 = exp(Float32(x_m / Float32(-s))) return Float32(Float32(t_0 / s) / (Float32(t_0 + Float32(1.0)) ^ Float32(2.0))) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m, s) t_0 = exp((x_m / -s)); tmp = (t_0 / s) / ((t_0 + single(1.0)) ^ single(2.0)); end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{x\_m}{-s}}\\
\frac{\frac{t\_0}{s}}{{\left(t\_0 + 1\right)}^{2}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg299.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
+-commutative99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
Simplified99.6%
distribute-frac-neg299.6%
rec-exp99.6%
pow199.6%
pow199.6%
add-sqr-sqrt56.5%
fabs-sqr56.5%
add-sqr-sqrt97.6%
Applied egg-rr97.6%
rec-exp97.6%
distribute-neg-frac297.6%
Simplified97.6%
distribute-frac-neg299.6%
rec-exp99.6%
pow199.6%
pow199.6%
add-sqr-sqrt56.5%
fabs-sqr56.5%
add-sqr-sqrt97.6%
Applied egg-rr68.0%
rec-exp97.6%
distribute-neg-frac297.6%
Simplified68.1%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (if (<= (fabs x_m) 24.5) (/ (exp (+ (/ x_m s) (* -2.0 (log1p (exp (/ x_m s)))))) s) 0.0))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
float tmp;
if (fabsf(x_m) <= 24.5f) {
tmp = expf(((x_m / s) + (-2.0f * log1pf(expf((x_m / s)))))) / s;
} else {
tmp = 0.0f;
}
return tmp;
}
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (abs(x_m) <= Float32(24.5)) tmp = Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(x_m / s) + Float32(Float32(-2.0) * log1p(exp(Float32(x_m / s)))))) / s); else tmp = Float32(0.0); end return tmp end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\left|x\_m\right| \leq 24.5:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{e^{\frac{x\_m}{s} + -2 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{\frac{x\_m}{s}}\right)}}{s}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (fabs.f32 x) < 24.5Initial program 99.2%
fabs-neg99.2%
distribute-frac-neg99.2%
distribute-frac-neg299.2%
fabs-neg99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
fabs-neg99.2%
+-commutative99.2%
fabs-neg99.2%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.3%
associate-/r*99.3%
mul-1-neg99.3%
distribute-neg-frac299.3%
+-commutative99.3%
mul-1-neg99.3%
distribute-neg-frac299.3%
Simplified99.3%
div-inv99.2%
frac-times99.3%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
add-sqr-sqrt99.3%
add-sqr-sqrt57.3%
fabs-sqr57.3%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod24.1%
sqr-neg24.1%
sqrt-unprod25.6%
add-sqr-sqrt67.5%
add-sqr-sqrt67.5%
Applied egg-rr94.8%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 94.8%
associate--r+94.8%
log1p-define94.8%
unsub-neg94.8%
exp-sum69.4%
exp-diff69.3%
rem-exp-log73.2%
associate-*l/74.4%
prod-exp99.1%
distribute-lft-neg-in99.1%
metadata-eval99.1%
Simplified99.1%
if 24.5 < (fabs.f32 x) Initial program 100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 100.0%
add-log-exp100.0%
div-inv100.0%
distribute-frac-neg100.0%
distribute-frac-neg2100.0%
exp-prod100.0%
add-log-exp100.0%
exp-prod100.0%
add-sqr-sqrt100.0%
sqrt-unprod100.0%
sqr-neg100.0%
sqrt-unprod100.0%
add-sqr-sqrt100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ x_m (- s))))) (/ t_0 (* s (pow (+ t_0 1.0) 2.0)))))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
float t_0 = expf((x_m / -s));
return t_0 / (s * powf((t_0 + 1.0f), 2.0f));
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
real(4) :: t_0
t_0 = exp((x_m / -s))
code = t_0 / (s * ((t_0 + 1.0e0) ** 2.0e0))
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) t_0 = exp(Float32(x_m / Float32(-s))) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(s * (Float32(t_0 + Float32(1.0)) ^ Float32(2.0)))) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m, s) t_0 = exp((x_m / -s)); tmp = t_0 / (s * ((t_0 + single(1.0)) ^ single(2.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{x\_m}{-s}}\\
\frac{t\_0}{s \cdot {\left(t\_0 + 1\right)}^{2}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg299.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
+-commutative99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
Simplified99.6%
distribute-frac-neg299.6%
rec-exp99.6%
pow199.6%
pow199.6%
add-sqr-sqrt56.5%
fabs-sqr56.5%
add-sqr-sqrt97.6%
Applied egg-rr97.6%
rec-exp97.6%
distribute-neg-frac297.6%
Simplified97.6%
distribute-frac-neg299.6%
rec-exp99.6%
pow199.6%
pow199.6%
add-sqr-sqrt56.5%
fabs-sqr56.5%
add-sqr-sqrt97.6%
Applied egg-rr68.0%
rec-exp97.6%
distribute-neg-frac297.6%
Simplified68.1%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 68.1%
associate-*r/68.1%
mul-1-neg68.1%
mul-1-neg68.1%
distribute-frac-neg268.1%
distribute-frac-neg268.1%
distribute-frac-neg68.1%
Simplified68.1%
Final simplification68.1%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (/ (/ (exp (/ x_m (- s))) s) 4.0))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
return (expf((x_m / -s)) / s) / 4.0f;
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = (exp((x_m / -s)) / s) / 4.0e0
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) return Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(x_m / Float32(-s))) / s) / Float32(4.0)) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m, s) tmp = (exp((x_m / -s)) / s) / single(4.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\frac{\frac{e^{\frac{x\_m}{-s}}}{s}}{4}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg299.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
+-commutative99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
Simplified99.6%
distribute-frac-neg299.6%
rec-exp99.6%
pow199.6%
pow199.6%
add-sqr-sqrt56.5%
fabs-sqr56.5%
add-sqr-sqrt97.6%
Applied egg-rr97.6%
rec-exp97.6%
distribute-neg-frac297.6%
Simplified97.6%
distribute-frac-neg299.6%
rec-exp99.6%
pow199.6%
pow199.6%
add-sqr-sqrt56.5%
fabs-sqr56.5%
add-sqr-sqrt97.6%
Applied egg-rr68.0%
rec-exp97.6%
distribute-neg-frac297.6%
Simplified68.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 63.7%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (if (<= x_m 4.999999918875795e-18) (/ 0.25 s) 0.0))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
float tmp;
if (x_m <= 4.999999918875795e-18f) {
tmp = 0.25f / s;
} else {
tmp = 0.0f;
}
return tmp;
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
real(4) :: tmp
if (x_m <= 4.999999918875795e-18) then
tmp = 0.25e0 / s
else
tmp = 0.0e0
end if
code = tmp
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (x_m <= Float32(4.999999918875795e-18)) tmp = Float32(Float32(0.25) / s); else tmp = Float32(0.0); end return tmp end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp_2 = code(x_m, s) tmp = single(0.0); if (x_m <= single(4.999999918875795e-18)) tmp = single(0.25) / s; else tmp = single(0.0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x\_m \leq 4.999999918875795 \cdot 10^{-18}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{0.25}{s}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < 4.99999992e-18Initial program 99.4%
fabs-neg99.4%
distribute-frac-neg99.4%
distribute-frac-neg299.4%
fabs-neg99.4%
*-commutative99.4%
fabs-neg99.4%
+-commutative99.4%
fabs-neg99.4%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 39.9%
if 4.99999992e-18 < x Initial program 99.8%
Simplified99.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 96.9%
add-log-exp93.3%
div-inv93.3%
distribute-frac-neg93.3%
distribute-frac-neg293.3%
exp-prod93.3%
add-log-exp93.2%
exp-prod93.2%
add-sqr-sqrt93.2%
sqrt-unprod93.2%
sqr-neg93.2%
sqrt-unprod91.8%
add-sqr-sqrt92.3%
Applied egg-rr92.3%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 0.0)
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
return 0.0f;
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = 0.0e0
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) return Float32(0.0) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m, s) tmp = single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 94.4%
add-log-exp75.1%
div-inv75.1%
distribute-frac-neg75.1%
distribute-frac-neg275.1%
exp-prod75.1%
add-log-exp75.0%
exp-prod75.0%
add-sqr-sqrt75.0%
sqrt-unprod75.0%
sqr-neg75.0%
sqrt-unprod70.4%
add-sqr-sqrt72.8%
Applied egg-rr71.9%
herbie shell --seed 2024090
(FPCore (x s)
:name "Logistic distribution"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631))
(/ (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s)) (* (* s (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s)))) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))))))