
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(-
(*
a
(-
(*
(pow c 4.0)
(+ (* -5.0 (/ (pow a 2.0) (pow b 7.0))) (* -2.0 (/ a (* c (pow b 5.0))))))
(/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0))))
(/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((pow(c, 4.0) * ((-5.0 * (pow(a, 2.0) / pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * pow(b, 5.0)))))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * (((c ** 4.0d0) * (((-5.0d0) * ((a ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 7.0d0))) + ((-2.0d0) * (a / (c * (b ** 5.0d0)))))) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((Math.pow(c, 4.0) * ((-5.0 * (Math.pow(a, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * Math.pow(b, 5.0)))))) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((math.pow(c, 4.0) * ((-5.0 * (math.pow(a, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * math.pow(b, 5.0)))))) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64((c ^ 4.0) * Float64(Float64(-5.0 * Float64((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 7.0))) + Float64(-2.0 * Float64(a / Float64(c * (b ^ 5.0)))))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * (((c ^ 4.0) * ((-5.0 * ((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * (b ^ 5.0)))))) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 * N[(a / N[(c * N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot \left(-5 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{7}} + -2 \cdot \frac{a}{c \cdot {b}^{5}}\right) - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 33.5%
*-commutative33.5%
Simplified33.5%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.2%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 95.2%
Final simplification95.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* (pow c 3.0) (- (/ (* (pow a 2.0) -2.0) (pow b 5.0)) (/ (/ a c) (pow b 3.0)))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (pow(c, 3.0) * (((pow(a, 2.0) * -2.0) / pow(b, 5.0)) - ((a / c) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((c ** 3.0d0) * ((((a ** 2.0d0) * (-2.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0)) - ((a / c) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (Math.pow(c, 3.0) * (((Math.pow(a, 2.0) * -2.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0)) - ((a / c) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (math.pow(c, 3.0) * (((math.pow(a, 2.0) * -2.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0)) - ((a / c) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64((c ^ 3.0) * Float64(Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * -2.0) / (b ^ 5.0)) - Float64(Float64(a / c) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((c ^ 3.0) * ((((a ^ 2.0) * -2.0) / (b ^ 5.0)) - ((a / c) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a / c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{c}^{3} \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot -2}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{\frac{a}{c}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 33.5%
*-commutative33.5%
Simplified33.5%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.2%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 93.6%
associate-*r/93.6%
associate-*r*93.6%
*-commutative93.6%
associate-*r/93.6%
Simplified93.6%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 93.6%
mul-1-neg93.6%
unsub-neg93.6%
associate-*r/93.6%
*-commutative93.6%
associate-/r*93.6%
Simplified93.6%
Final simplification93.6%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (+ (* c (- (* (pow a 2.0) (* -2.0 (/ c (pow b 5.0)))) (* a (pow b -3.0)))) (/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((pow(a, 2.0) * (-2.0 * (c / pow(b, 5.0)))) - (a * pow(b, -3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((c * (((a ** 2.0d0) * ((-2.0d0) * (c / (b ** 5.0d0)))) - (a * (b ** (-3.0d0))))) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((Math.pow(a, 2.0) * (-2.0 * (c / Math.pow(b, 5.0)))) - (a * Math.pow(b, -3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((c * ((math.pow(a, 2.0) * (-2.0 * (c / math.pow(b, 5.0)))) - (a * math.pow(b, -3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * Float64(-2.0 * Float64(c / (b ^ 5.0)))) - Float64(a * (b ^ -3.0)))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((c * (((a ^ 2.0) * (-2.0 * (c / (b ^ 5.0)))) - (a * (b ^ -3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-2.0 * N[(c / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[Power[b, -3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{5}}\right) - a \cdot {b}^{-3}\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 33.5%
*-commutative33.5%
Simplified33.5%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 93.3%
distribute-lft-in93.3%
*-commutative93.3%
associate-/l*93.3%
mul-1-neg93.3%
div-inv93.3%
pow-flip93.3%
metadata-eval93.3%
Applied egg-rr93.3%
distribute-lft-out93.3%
unsub-neg93.3%
associate-*l*93.3%
*-commutative93.3%
Simplified93.3%
Final simplification93.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (/ c (- b)) (* a (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c / -b) - (a * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c / -b) - (a * ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c / -b) - (a * (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c / -b) - (a * (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c / Float64(-b)) - Float64(a * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c / -b) - (a * ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b} - a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}
\end{array}
Initial program 33.5%
*-commutative33.5%
Simplified33.5%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 90.4%
mul-1-neg90.4%
unsub-neg90.4%
mul-1-neg90.4%
distribute-neg-frac290.4%
associate-/l*90.4%
Simplified90.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (fma a (pow (/ c b) 2.0) c) (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(a, pow((c / b), 2.0), c) / -b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(a, (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0), c) / Float64(-b)) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + c), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}, c\right)}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 33.5%
*-commutative33.5%
Simplified33.5%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 90.1%
associate-*r/90.1%
neg-mul-190.1%
distribute-rgt-neg-in90.1%
Simplified90.1%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 90.0%
mul-1-neg90.0%
distribute-frac-neg90.0%
Simplified90.0%
inv-pow90.0%
*-commutative90.0%
unpow-prod-down89.9%
inv-pow89.9%
inv-pow89.9%
Applied egg-rr89.9%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 90.4%
neg-mul-190.4%
mul-1-neg90.4%
unsub-neg90.4%
distribute-neg-frac90.4%
unpow390.4%
unpow290.4%
associate-/r*90.4%
div-sub90.4%
unsub-neg90.4%
distribute-neg-out90.4%
mul-1-neg90.4%
associate-*r/90.4%
mul-1-neg90.4%
distribute-neg-frac290.4%
Simplified90.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (/ -1.0 b) (* a (/ c (pow b 3.0))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / pow(b, 3.0))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-1.0d0) / b) - (a * (c / (b ** 3.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / Math.pow(b, 3.0))));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / math.pow(b, 3.0))))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 / b) - Float64(a * Float64(c / (b ^ 3.0))))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / (b ^ 3.0)))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(c / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b} - a \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{3}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 33.5%
*-commutative33.5%
Simplified33.5%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 90.1%
associate-*r/90.1%
neg-mul-190.1%
distribute-rgt-neg-in90.1%
Simplified90.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 90.1%
sub-neg90.1%
associate-*r/90.1%
mul-1-neg90.1%
distribute-rgt-neg-out90.1%
associate-*r/90.1%
+-commutative90.1%
distribute-frac-neg90.1%
distribute-rgt-neg-in90.1%
associate-/l*90.1%
unsub-neg90.1%
distribute-neg-frac90.1%
metadata-eval90.1%
associate-/l*90.1%
Simplified90.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 33.5%
*-commutative33.5%
Simplified33.5%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 79.8%
associate-*r/79.8%
mul-1-neg79.8%
Simplified79.8%
Final simplification79.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(a, b, c): return 0.0
function code(a, b, c) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 33.5%
*-commutative33.5%
Simplified33.5%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 90.1%
associate-*r/90.1%
neg-mul-190.1%
distribute-rgt-neg-in90.1%
Simplified90.1%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 79.5%
expm1-log1p-u68.2%
expm1-undefine34.5%
Applied egg-rr34.5%
sub-neg34.5%
metadata-eval34.5%
+-commutative34.5%
log1p-undefine34.5%
rem-exp-log45.9%
associate-*r/45.9%
*-commutative45.9%
associate-*r/45.9%
mul-1-neg45.9%
unsub-neg45.9%
Simplified45.9%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 3.2%
Final simplification3.2%
herbie shell --seed 2024089
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, medium range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 a) (< a 9007199254740992.0)) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 b) (< b 9007199254740992.0))) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 c) (< c 9007199254740992.0)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))