
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified99.0%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (+ (log s) (- (* u (- 2.0 (* u -2.0))) (log PI)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (logf(s) + ((u * (2.0f - (u * -2.0f))) - logf(((float) M_PI))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(log(s) + Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(2.0) - Float32(u * Float32(-2.0)))) - log(Float32(pi))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (log(s) + ((u * (single(2.0) - (u * single(-2.0)))) - log(single(pi)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\log s + \left(u \cdot \left(2 - u \cdot -2\right) - \log \pi\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
fma-define24.6%
associate--r+24.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.6%
distribute-rgt-out--24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
metadata-eval24.6%
metadata-eval24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 24.6%
mul-1-neg24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
distribute-rgt-neg-in24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.9%
Final simplification24.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log s) (* -2.0 (pow u 2.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (logf(s) - (-2.0f * powf(u, 2.0f)));
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = s * (log(s) - ((-2.0e0) * (u ** 2.0e0)))
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(log(s) - Float32(Float32(-2.0) * (u ^ Float32(2.0))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (log(s) - (single(-2.0) * (u ^ single(2.0)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\log s - -2 \cdot {u}^{2}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
fma-define24.6%
associate--r+24.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.6%
distribute-rgt-out--24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
metadata-eval24.6%
metadata-eval24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 24.6%
mul-1-neg24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
distribute-rgt-neg-in24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.9%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 24.9%
Final simplification24.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (/ (* 2.0 (* u PI)) (+ 1.0 (/ PI s))) (* s (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((2.0f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) / (1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s))) - (s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) - Float32(s * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right)}{1 + \frac{\pi}{s}} - s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
fma-define24.6%
associate--r+24.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.6%
distribute-rgt-out--24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
metadata-eval24.6%
metadata-eval24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.8%
+-commutative24.8%
mul-1-neg24.8%
unsub-neg24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
log1p-define24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Final simplification24.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log (+ 1.0 (/ PI s))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf((1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log((single(1.0) + (single(pi) / s))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + \frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
fma-define24.6%
associate--r+24.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.6%
distribute-rgt-out--24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
metadata-eval24.6%
metadata-eval24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.8%
mul-1-neg24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
distribute-rgt-neg-in24.8%
log1p-define24.8%
Simplified24.8%
log1p-undefine24.8%
+-commutative24.8%
Applied egg-rr24.8%
Final simplification24.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
fma-define24.6%
associate--r+24.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.6%
distribute-rgt-out--24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
metadata-eval24.6%
metadata-eval24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.8%
mul-1-neg24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
distribute-rgt-neg-in24.8%
log1p-define24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Final simplification24.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* -4.0 (+ (* PI (+ (* u -0.25) 0.25)) (* u (* PI -0.25)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -4.0f * ((((float) M_PI) * ((u * -0.25f) + 0.25f)) + (u * (((float) M_PI) * -0.25f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(u * Float32(-0.25)) + Float32(0.25))) + Float32(u * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(-0.25))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(-4.0) * ((single(pi) * ((u * single(-0.25)) + single(0.25))) + (u * (single(pi) * single(-0.25)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-4 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(u \cdot -0.25 + 0.25\right) + u \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.25\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.8%
associate--r+11.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.8%
metadata-eval11.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.8%
associate-*r*11.8%
distribute-rgt-out11.8%
*-commutative11.8%
metadata-eval11.8%
*-commutative11.8%
associate-*l*11.8%
Simplified11.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* 4.0 (* PI (+ -0.25 (* u 0.5)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return 4.0f * (((float) M_PI) * (-0.25f + (u * 0.5f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(-0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(0.5))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(4.0) * (single(pi) * (single(-0.25) + (u * single(0.5)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
4 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(-0.25 + u \cdot 0.5\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 11.8%
associate--r+11.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.8%
distribute-rgt-out--11.8%
*-commutative11.8%
metadata-eval11.8%
metadata-eval11.8%
*-commutative11.8%
Simplified11.8%
associate-*l*11.8%
distribute-lft-out11.8%
Applied egg-rr11.8%
Final simplification11.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.6%
neg-mul-111.6%
Simplified11.6%
herbie shell --seed 2024088
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))