
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(-
(*
a
(-
(*
a
(+
(* -2.0 (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 5.0)))
(* -0.25 (/ (* a (/ (* 20.0 (pow c 4.0)) (pow b 6.0))) b))))
(/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0))))
(/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.25 * ((a * ((20.0 * pow(c, 4.0)) / pow(b, 6.0))) / b)))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * ((a * (((-2.0d0) * ((c ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + ((-0.25d0) * ((a * ((20.0d0 * (c ** 4.0d0)) / (b ** 6.0d0))) / b)))) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.25 * ((a * ((20.0 * Math.pow(c, 4.0)) / Math.pow(b, 6.0))) / b)))) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (math.pow(c, 3.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.25 * ((a * ((20.0 * math.pow(c, 4.0)) / math.pow(b, 6.0))) / b)))) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(-0.25 * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(20.0 * (c ^ 4.0)) / (b ^ 6.0))) / b)))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * ((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + (-0.25 * ((a * ((20.0 * (c ^ 4.0)) / (b ^ 6.0))) / b)))) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(a * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.25 * N[(N[(a * N[(N[(20.0 * N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \frac{20 \cdot {c}^{4}}{{b}^{6}}}{b}\right) - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 32.3%
*-commutative32.3%
Simplified32.3%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 94.2%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 94.2%
associate-*r/94.2%
Simplified94.2%
Final simplification94.2%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(*
c
(+
(*
c
(fma
-1.0
(/ a (pow b 3.0))
(*
(pow a 3.0)
(+
(* -5.0 (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 7.0)))
(* -2.0 (/ c (* a (pow b 5.0))))))))
(/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * fma(-1.0, (a / pow(b, 3.0)), (pow(a, 3.0) * ((-5.0 * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (c / (a * pow(b, 5.0)))))))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * fma(-1.0, Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)), Float64((a ^ 3.0) * Float64(Float64(-5.0 * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 7.0))) + Float64(-2.0 * Float64(c / Float64(a * (b ^ 5.0)))))))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(-1.0 * N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Power[a, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 * N[(c / N[(a * N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}, {a}^{3} \cdot \left(-5 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{7}} + -2 \cdot \frac{c}{a \cdot {b}^{5}}\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 32.3%
*-commutative32.3%
Simplified32.3%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 93.8%
Simplified93.8%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 93.8%
Final simplification93.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* a (- (/ (* -2.0 (* a (pow c 3.0))) (pow b 5.0)) (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (((-2.0 * (a * pow(c, 3.0))) / pow(b, 5.0)) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * ((((-2.0d0) * (a * (c ** 3.0d0))) / (b ** 5.0d0)) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (((-2.0 * (a * Math.pow(c, 3.0))) / Math.pow(b, 5.0)) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * (((-2.0 * (a * math.pow(c, 3.0))) / math.pow(b, 5.0)) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(a * (c ^ 3.0))) / (b ^ 5.0)) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * (((-2.0 * (a * (c ^ 3.0))) / (b ^ 5.0)) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(a * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(\frac{-2 \cdot \left(a \cdot {c}^{3}\right)}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 32.3%
*-commutative32.3%
Simplified32.3%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 92.1%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 92.5%
+-commutative92.5%
mul-1-neg92.5%
unsub-neg92.5%
mul-1-neg92.5%
unsub-neg92.5%
associate-*r/92.5%
Simplified92.5%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (+ (* c (- (* -2.0 (/ (* c (pow a 2.0)) (pow b 5.0))) (/ a (pow b 3.0)))) (/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * pow(a, 2.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((c * (((-2.0d0) * ((c * (a ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - (a / (b ** 3.0d0)))) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * Math.pow(a, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * math.pow(a, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64(c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - (a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(c * N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{c \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 32.3%
*-commutative32.3%
Simplified32.3%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 92.1%
Final simplification92.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (fma a (pow (/ c b) 2.0) c) (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(a, pow((c / b), 2.0), c) / -b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(a, (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0), c) / Float64(-b)) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + c), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}, c\right)}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 32.3%
*-commutative32.3%
Simplified32.3%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 89.3%
associate-*r/89.3%
neg-mul-189.3%
distribute-rgt-neg-in89.3%
Simplified89.3%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 89.1%
sub-neg89.1%
+-commutative89.1%
mul-1-neg89.1%
unsub-neg89.1%
distribute-neg-frac89.1%
metadata-eval89.1%
*-commutative89.1%
Simplified89.1%
*-un-lft-identity89.1%
associate-/r*89.1%
Applied egg-rr89.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 89.6%
distribute-lft-out89.6%
associate-*r/89.6%
mul-1-neg89.6%
distribute-neg-frac289.6%
+-commutative89.6%
associate-/l*89.6%
fma-define89.6%
unpow289.6%
unpow289.6%
times-frac89.6%
unpow289.6%
Simplified89.6%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (/ (- -1.0 (/ (* c a) (pow b 2.0))) b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 - ((c * a) / pow(b, 2.0))) / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-1.0d0) - ((c * a) / (b ** 2.0d0))) / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 - ((c * a) / Math.pow(b, 2.0))) / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-1.0 - ((c * a) / math.pow(b, 2.0))) / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 - Float64(Float64(c * a) / (b ^ 2.0))) / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-1.0 - ((c * a) / (b ^ 2.0))) / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 - N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \frac{-1 - \frac{c \cdot a}{{b}^{2}}}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 32.3%
*-commutative32.3%
Simplified32.3%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 89.3%
associate-*r/89.3%
neg-mul-189.3%
distribute-rgt-neg-in89.3%
Simplified89.3%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 89.3%
Final simplification89.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (/ -1.0 b) (* a (/ c (pow b 3.0))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / pow(b, 3.0))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-1.0d0) / b) - (a * (c / (b ** 3.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / Math.pow(b, 3.0))));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / math.pow(b, 3.0))))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 / b) - Float64(a * Float64(c / (b ^ 3.0))))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / (b ^ 3.0)))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(c / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b} - a \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{3}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 32.3%
*-commutative32.3%
Simplified32.3%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 89.3%
associate-*r/89.3%
neg-mul-189.3%
distribute-rgt-neg-in89.3%
Simplified89.3%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 89.1%
sub-neg89.1%
+-commutative89.1%
mul-1-neg89.1%
unsub-neg89.1%
distribute-neg-frac89.1%
metadata-eval89.1%
*-commutative89.1%
Simplified89.1%
*-un-lft-identity89.1%
associate-/r*89.1%
Applied egg-rr89.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 89.3%
sub-neg89.3%
distribute-neg-frac89.3%
metadata-eval89.3%
+-commutative89.3%
mul-1-neg89.3%
*-commutative89.3%
associate-*r/89.3%
unsub-neg89.3%
associate-*r/89.3%
*-commutative89.3%
associate-/l*89.3%
Simplified89.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- c) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -c / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = -c / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -c / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return -c / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(-c) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = -c / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 32.3%
*-commutative32.3%
Simplified32.3%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 80.7%
associate-*r/80.7%
mul-1-neg80.7%
Simplified80.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(a, b, c): return 0.0
function code(a, b, c) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 32.3%
*-commutative32.3%
Simplified32.3%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 89.3%
associate-*r/89.3%
neg-mul-189.3%
distribute-rgt-neg-in89.3%
Simplified89.3%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 80.5%
expm1-log1p-u72.2%
expm1-undefine34.5%
Applied egg-rr34.5%
sub-neg34.5%
metadata-eval34.5%
+-commutative34.5%
log1p-undefine34.5%
rem-exp-log42.7%
associate-*r/42.7%
*-commutative42.7%
associate-*r/42.7%
mul-1-neg42.7%
unsub-neg42.7%
Simplified42.7%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 3.2%
Final simplification3.2%
herbie shell --seed 2024086
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, medium range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 a) (< a 9007199254740992.0)) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 b) (< b 9007199254740992.0))) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 c) (< c 9007199254740992.0)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))