
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(-
(*
a
(-
(*
a
(+
(* -2.0 (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 5.0)))
(* -0.25 (* a (/ (* 20.0 (pow c 4.0)) (pow b 7.0))))))
(/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0))))
(/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.25 * (a * ((20.0 * pow(c, 4.0)) / pow(b, 7.0)))))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * ((a * (((-2.0d0) * ((c ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + ((-0.25d0) * (a * ((20.0d0 * (c ** 4.0d0)) / (b ** 7.0d0)))))) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.25 * (a * ((20.0 * Math.pow(c, 4.0)) / Math.pow(b, 7.0)))))) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (math.pow(c, 3.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.25 * (a * ((20.0 * math.pow(c, 4.0)) / math.pow(b, 7.0)))))) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(-0.25 * Float64(a * Float64(Float64(20.0 * (c ^ 4.0)) / (b ^ 7.0)))))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * ((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + (-0.25 * (a * ((20.0 * (c ^ 4.0)) / (b ^ 7.0)))))) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(a * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.25 * N[(a * N[(N[(20.0 * N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{20 \cdot {c}^{4}}{{b}^{7}}\right)\right) - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 14.9%
*-commutative14.9%
Simplified14.9%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 99.0%
*-commutative99.0%
associate-*l/99.0%
associate-*r*99.0%
metadata-eval99.0%
distribute-rgt-out99.0%
associate-/l*99.0%
distribute-rgt-out99.0%
metadata-eval99.0%
*-commutative99.0%
Simplified99.0%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- (- (* (* -2.0 (pow a 2.0)) (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 4.0))) c) (* a (pow (/ c (- b)) 2.0))) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((((-2.0 * pow(a, 2.0)) * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 4.0))) - c) - (a * pow((c / -b), 2.0))) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (((((-2.0d0) * (a ** 2.0d0)) * ((c ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 4.0d0))) - c) - (a * ((c / -b) ** 2.0d0))) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((((-2.0 * Math.pow(a, 2.0)) * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 4.0))) - c) - (a * Math.pow((c / -b), 2.0))) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return ((((-2.0 * math.pow(a, 2.0)) * (math.pow(c, 3.0) / math.pow(b, 4.0))) - c) - (a * math.pow((c / -b), 2.0))) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * (a ^ 2.0)) * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 4.0))) - c) - Float64(a * (Float64(c / Float64(-b)) ^ 2.0))) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((((-2.0 * (a ^ 2.0)) * ((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 4.0))) - c) - (a * ((c / -b) ^ 2.0))) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - c), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[Power[N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(\left(-2 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} - c\right) - a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{-b}\right)}^{2}}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 14.9%
*-commutative14.9%
Simplified14.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 98.5%
associate-+r+98.5%
mul-1-neg98.5%
unsub-neg98.5%
mul-1-neg98.5%
unsub-neg98.5%
associate-/l*98.5%
associate-*r*98.5%
associate-/l*98.5%
Simplified98.5%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 98.5%
associate-/l*98.5%
unpow298.5%
unpow298.5%
times-frac98.5%
sqr-neg98.5%
distribute-frac-neg98.5%
distribute-frac-neg98.5%
unpow298.5%
distribute-frac-neg98.5%
distribute-neg-frac298.5%
Simplified98.5%
Final simplification98.5%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (/ c (- b)) (* a (+ (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)) (* 2.0 (/ (* a (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 5.0)))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c / -b) - (a * ((pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)) + (2.0 * ((a * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 5.0)))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c / -b) - (a * (((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)) + (2.0d0 * ((a * (c ** 3.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0)))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c / -b) - (a * ((Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)) + (2.0 * ((a * Math.pow(c, 3.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0)))));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c / -b) - (a * ((math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)) + (2.0 * ((a * math.pow(c, 3.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0)))))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c / Float64(-b)) - Float64(a * Float64(Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)) + Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c / -b) - (a * (((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)) + (2.0 * ((a * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(2.0 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b} - a \cdot \left(\frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}} + 2 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 14.9%
*-commutative14.9%
Simplified14.9%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 98.2%
Taylor expanded in c around -inf 97.9%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 98.5%
Final simplification98.5%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (/ -1.0 b) (/ (fma 2.0 (pow (* c (/ a b)) 2.0) (* c a)) (pow b 3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (fma(2.0, pow((c * (a / b)), 2.0), (c * a)) / pow(b, 3.0)));
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 / b) - Float64(fma(2.0, (Float64(c * Float64(a / b)) ^ 2.0), Float64(c * a)) / (b ^ 3.0)))) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(c * N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b} - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(c \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)}^{2}, c \cdot a\right)}{{b}^{3}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 14.9%
*-commutative14.9%
Simplified14.9%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 98.2%
Taylor expanded in b around -inf 98.2%
mul-1-neg98.2%
distribute-neg-frac298.2%
fma-define98.2%
associate-/l*98.2%
unpow298.2%
unpow298.2%
unpow298.2%
times-frac98.2%
swap-sqr98.2%
unpow298.2%
associate-*r/98.2%
*-commutative98.2%
associate-/l*98.2%
*-commutative98.2%
Simplified98.2%
Final simplification98.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* a (/ (+ (/ c a) (pow (/ c b) 2.0)) (- b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return a * (((c / a) + pow((c / b), 2.0)) / -b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = a * (((c / a) + ((c / b) ** 2.0d0)) / -b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return a * (((c / a) + Math.pow((c / b), 2.0)) / -b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return a * (((c / a) + math.pow((c / b), 2.0)) / -b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(a * Float64(Float64(Float64(c / a) + (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0)) / Float64(-b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = a * (((c / a) + ((c / b) ^ 2.0)) / -b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(a * N[(N[(N[(c / a), $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \frac{\frac{c}{a} + {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 14.9%
*-commutative14.9%
Simplified14.9%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.1%
mul-1-neg97.1%
unsub-neg97.1%
associate-*r/97.1%
mul-1-neg97.1%
associate-/l*97.1%
Simplified97.1%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 96.7%
associate-*r/96.7%
neg-mul-196.7%
Simplified96.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 96.7%
distribute-lft-out96.7%
associate-*r/96.7%
mul-1-neg96.7%
distribute-neg-frac296.7%
unpow296.7%
unpow296.7%
times-frac96.7%
unpow296.7%
Simplified96.7%
Final simplification96.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (/ c (- b)) (* a (/ (* c c) (pow b 3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c / -b) - (a * ((c * c) / pow(b, 3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c / -b) - (a * ((c * c) / (b ** 3.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c / -b) - (a * ((c * c) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c / -b) - (a * ((c * c) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c / Float64(-b)) - Float64(a * Float64(Float64(c * c) / (b ^ 3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c / -b) - (a * ((c * c) / (b ^ 3.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b} - a \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{{b}^{3}}
\end{array}
Initial program 14.9%
*-commutative14.9%
Simplified14.9%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.1%
mul-1-neg97.1%
unsub-neg97.1%
associate-*r/97.1%
mul-1-neg97.1%
associate-/l*97.1%
Simplified97.1%
unpow297.1%
Applied egg-rr97.1%
Final simplification97.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (/ -1.0 b) (/ (* c a) (pow b 3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((c * a) / pow(b, 3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-1.0d0) / b) - ((c * a) / (b ** 3.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((c * a) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((c * a) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 / b) - Float64(Float64(c * a) / (b ^ 3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((c * a) / (b ^ 3.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b} - \frac{c \cdot a}{{b}^{3}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 14.9%
*-commutative14.9%
Simplified14.9%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.8%
associate-*r/96.8%
neg-mul-196.8%
distribute-rgt-neg-in96.8%
Simplified96.8%
Final simplification96.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 14.9%
*-commutative14.9%
Simplified14.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 92.5%
associate-*r/92.5%
mul-1-neg92.5%
Simplified92.5%
Final simplification92.5%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(a, b, c): return 0.0
function code(a, b, c) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 14.9%
*-commutative14.9%
Simplified14.9%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.1%
mul-1-neg97.1%
unsub-neg97.1%
associate-*r/97.1%
mul-1-neg97.1%
associate-/l*97.1%
Simplified97.1%
expm1-log1p-u84.6%
*-commutative84.6%
div-inv84.6%
pow-flip84.6%
metadata-eval84.6%
Applied egg-rr84.6%
expm1-undefine21.3%
sub-neg21.3%
log1p-undefine21.3%
rem-exp-log33.9%
sub-neg33.9%
distribute-frac-neg33.9%
distribute-neg-out33.9%
unsub-neg33.9%
*-commutative33.9%
metadata-eval33.9%
Simplified33.9%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 31.8%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 3.3%
Final simplification3.3%
herbie shell --seed 2024085
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))