Cubic critical, narrow range

Percentage Accurate: 54.9% → 99.1%
Time: 20.1s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 23.2×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(1.0536712127723509 \cdot 10^{-8} < a \land a < 94906265.62425156\right) \land \left(1.0536712127723509 \cdot 10^{-8} < b \land b < 94906265.62425156\right)\right) \land \left(1.0536712127723509 \cdot 10^{-8} < c \land c < 94906265.62425156\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 54.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.1% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\\ \frac{\frac{a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)}{b + \sqrt{\left(b + t\_0\right) \cdot \left(b - t\_0\right)}}}{a \cdot 3} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (* a (* c 3.0)))))
   (/ (/ (* a (* c -3.0)) (+ b (sqrt (* (+ b t_0) (- b t_0))))) (* a 3.0))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double t_0 = sqrt((a * (c * 3.0)));
	return ((a * (c * -3.0)) / (b + sqrt(((b + t_0) * (b - t_0))))) / (a * 3.0);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = sqrt((a * (c * 3.0d0)))
    code = ((a * (c * (-3.0d0))) / (b + sqrt(((b + t_0) * (b - t_0))))) / (a * 3.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double t_0 = Math.sqrt((a * (c * 3.0)));
	return ((a * (c * -3.0)) / (b + Math.sqrt(((b + t_0) * (b - t_0))))) / (a * 3.0);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	t_0 = math.sqrt((a * (c * 3.0)))
	return ((a * (c * -3.0)) / (b + math.sqrt(((b + t_0) * (b - t_0))))) / (a * 3.0)
function code(a, b, c)
	t_0 = sqrt(Float64(a * Float64(c * 3.0)))
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(a * Float64(c * -3.0)) / Float64(b + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b + t_0) * Float64(b - t_0))))) / Float64(a * 3.0))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	t_0 = sqrt((a * (c * 3.0)));
	tmp = ((a * (c * -3.0)) / (b + sqrt(((b + t_0) * (b - t_0))))) / (a * 3.0);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[N[(a * N[(c * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(a * N[(c * -3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\\
\frac{\frac{a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)}{b + \sqrt{\left(b + t\_0\right) \cdot \left(b - t\_0\right)}}}{a \cdot 3}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 52.3%

    \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. neg-sub052.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - b\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. sqr-neg52.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(0 - b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    3. associate-+l-52.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    4. sub0-neg52.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    5. sub-neg52.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(b + \left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    6. distribute-neg-in52.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(-\left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    7. remove-double-neg52.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    8. sqr-neg52.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    9. associate-*l*52.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
  3. Simplified52.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{3 \cdot a}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt52.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{\sqrt{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} \cdot \sqrt{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. difference-of-squares52.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(b + \sqrt{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    3. associate-*r*52.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    4. *-commutative52.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{\color{blue}{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    5. associate-*r*52.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    6. *-commutative52.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr52.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(b + \sqrt{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*52.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. associate-*r*52.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
  8. Simplified52.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(b + \sqrt{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. flip-+52.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}\right)}}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}\right)}}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
  10. Applied egg-rr53.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(-b\right)}^{2} - \left(b + \sqrt{c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Simplified53.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{b}^{2} - \left(b + \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right)}}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(c \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-3}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg0.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-a \cdot \left(c \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-3}\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. unpow20.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-a \cdot \left(c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{-3} \cdot \sqrt{-3}\right)}\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. rem-square-sqrt99.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-a \cdot \left(c \cdot \color{blue}{-3}\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    4. Simplified99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)}}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    5. Final simplification99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)}{b + \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}\right)}}}{a \cdot 3} \]
    6. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 89.8% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 0.106:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{c \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) + 0.5 \cdot \frac{-1}{b}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= b 0.106)
       (/ (- (sqrt (fma b b (* a (* c -3.0)))) b) (* a 3.0))
       (*
        c
        (+
         (*
          c
          (+
           (* -0.5625 (/ (* c (pow a 2.0)) (pow b 5.0)))
           (* -0.375 (/ a (pow b 3.0)))))
         (* 0.5 (/ -1.0 b))))))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (b <= 0.106) {
    		tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, (a * (c * -3.0)))) - b) / (a * 3.0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = c * ((c * ((-0.5625 * ((c * pow(a, 2.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.375 * (a / pow(b, 3.0))))) + (0.5 * (-1.0 / b)));
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (b <= 0.106)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(a * Float64(c * -3.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 3.0));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-0.5625 * Float64(Float64(c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(-0.375 * Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0))))) + Float64(0.5 * Float64(-1.0 / b))));
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, 0.106], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(a * N[(c * -3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(-0.5625 * N[(N[(c * N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.375 * N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 * N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 0.106:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{c \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) + 0.5 \cdot \frac{-1}{b}\right)\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if b < 0.105999999999999997

      1. Initial program 85.7%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. /-rgt-identity85.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. metadata-eval85.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified86.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing

      if 0.105999999999999997 < b

      1. Initial program 48.1%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. neg-sub048.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - b\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. sqr-neg48.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(0 - b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        3. associate-+l-48.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        4. sub0-neg48.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        5. sub-neg48.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(b + \left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        6. distribute-neg-in48.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(-\left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        7. remove-double-neg48.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        8. sqr-neg48.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        9. associate-*l*48.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified48.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in c around 0 91.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot c}{{b}^{5}} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) - 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]
    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    4. Final simplification90.7%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 0.106:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{c \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) + 0.5 \cdot \frac{-1}{b}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 85.5% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 20.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= b 20.5)
       (/ (- (sqrt (fma b b (* a (* c -3.0)))) b) (* a 3.0))
       (+ (* -0.5 (/ c b)) (* -0.375 (/ (* a (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 3.0))))))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (b <= 20.5) {
    		tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, (a * (c * -3.0)))) - b) / (a * 3.0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (-0.375 * ((a * pow(c, 2.0)) / pow(b, 3.0)));
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (b <= 20.5)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(a * Float64(c * -3.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 3.0));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(c / b)) + Float64(-0.375 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 3.0))));
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, 20.5], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(a * N[(c * -3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.375 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 20.5:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if b < 20.5

      1. Initial program 80.0%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. /-rgt-identity80.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. metadata-eval80.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified80.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing

      if 20.5 < b

      1. Initial program 43.8%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. neg-sub043.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - b\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. sqr-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(0 - b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        3. associate-+l-43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        4. sub0-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        5. sub-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(b + \left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        6. distribute-neg-in43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(-\left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        7. remove-double-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        8. sqr-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        9. associate-*l*43.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified43.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 89.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}} \]
    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    4. Final simplification87.2%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 20.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\\ \end{array} \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 85.5% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 17:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot -0.5 + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= b 17.0)
       (/ (- (sqrt (fma b b (* a (* c -3.0)))) b) (* a 3.0))
       (/ (+ (* c -0.5) (* -0.375 (/ (* a (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 2.0)))) b)))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (b <= 17.0) {
    		tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, (a * (c * -3.0)))) - b) / (a * 3.0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = ((c * -0.5) + (-0.375 * ((a * pow(c, 2.0)) / pow(b, 2.0)))) / b;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (b <= 17.0)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(a * Float64(c * -3.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 3.0));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(c * -0.5) + Float64(-0.375 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 2.0)))) / b);
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, 17.0], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(a * N[(c * -3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(c * -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.375 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 17:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot -0.5 + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if b < 17

      1. Initial program 80.0%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. /-rgt-identity80.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. metadata-eval80.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified80.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing

      if 17 < b

      1. Initial program 43.8%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. neg-sub043.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - b\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. sqr-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(0 - b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        3. associate-+l-43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        4. sub0-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        5. sub-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(b + \left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        6. distribute-neg-in43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(-\left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        7. remove-double-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        8. sqr-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        9. associate-*l*43.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified43.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in b around inf 89.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.5 \cdot c + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}} \]
    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    4. Final simplification87.3%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 17:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c \cdot -0.5 + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}\\ \end{array} \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 5: 85.3% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 17:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= b 17.0)
       (/ (- (sqrt (fma b b (* a (* c -3.0)))) b) (* a 3.0))
       (* c (- (* -0.375 (/ (* a c) (pow b 3.0))) (/ 0.5 b)))))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (b <= 17.0) {
    		tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, (a * (c * -3.0)))) - b) / (a * 3.0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (b <= 17.0)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(a * Float64(c * -3.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 3.0));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-0.375 * Float64(Float64(a * c) / (b ^ 3.0))) - Float64(0.5 / b)));
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, 17.0], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(a * N[(c * -3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(c * N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 17:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if b < 17

      1. Initial program 80.0%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. /-rgt-identity80.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. metadata-eval80.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified80.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing

      if 17 < b

      1. Initial program 43.8%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. neg-sub043.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - b\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. sqr-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(0 - b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        3. associate-+l-43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        4. sub0-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        5. sub-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(b + \left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        6. distribute-neg-in43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(-\left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        7. remove-double-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        8. sqr-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        9. associate-*l*43.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified43.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 89.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in c around 0 89.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r/89.2%

          \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot 1}{b}}\right) \]
        2. metadata-eval89.2%

          \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{b}\right) \]
      8. Simplified89.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)} \]
    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    4. Final simplification87.1%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 17:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 6: 85.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 18.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= b 18.5)
       (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 3.0 (* a c)))) b) (* a 3.0))
       (* c (- (* -0.375 (/ (* a c) (pow b 3.0))) (/ 0.5 b)))))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (b <= 18.5) {
    		tmp = (sqrt(((b * b) - (3.0 * (a * c)))) - b) / (a * 3.0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(a, b, c)
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: b
        real(8), intent (in) :: c
        real(8) :: tmp
        if (b <= 18.5d0) then
            tmp = (sqrt(((b * b) - (3.0d0 * (a * c)))) - b) / (a * 3.0d0)
        else
            tmp = c * (((-0.375d0) * ((a * c) / (b ** 3.0d0))) - (0.5d0 / b))
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (b <= 18.5) {
    		tmp = (Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (3.0 * (a * c)))) - b) / (a * 3.0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / Math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    def code(a, b, c):
    	tmp = 0
    	if b <= 18.5:
    		tmp = (math.sqrt(((b * b) - (3.0 * (a * c)))) - b) / (a * 3.0)
    	else:
    		tmp = c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b))
    	return tmp
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (b <= 18.5)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(3.0 * Float64(a * c)))) - b) / Float64(a * 3.0));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-0.375 * Float64(Float64(a * c) / (b ^ 3.0))) - Float64(0.5 / b)));
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if (b <= 18.5)
    		tmp = (sqrt(((b * b) - (3.0 * (a * c)))) - b) / (a * 3.0);
    	else
    		tmp = c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / (b ^ 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, 18.5], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(3.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(c * N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 18.5:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if b < 18.5

      1. Initial program 80.0%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. neg-sub080.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - b\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. sqr-neg80.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(0 - b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        3. associate-+l-80.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        4. sub0-neg80.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        5. sub-neg80.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(b + \left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        6. distribute-neg-in80.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(-\left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        7. remove-double-neg80.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        8. sqr-neg80.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        9. associate-*l*80.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified80.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing

      if 18.5 < b

      1. Initial program 43.8%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. neg-sub043.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - b\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. sqr-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(0 - b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        3. associate-+l-43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        4. sub0-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        5. sub-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(b + \left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        6. distribute-neg-in43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(-\left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        7. remove-double-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        8. sqr-neg43.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        9. associate-*l*43.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified43.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 89.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in c around 0 89.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r/89.2%

          \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot 1}{b}}\right) \]
        2. metadata-eval89.2%

          \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{b}\right) \]
      8. Simplified89.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)} \]
    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    4. Final simplification87.1%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 18.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 7: 82.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c)
     :precision binary64
     (* c (- (* -0.375 (/ (* a c) (pow b 3.0))) (/ 0.5 b))))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	return c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
    }
    
    real(8) function code(a, b, c)
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: b
        real(8), intent (in) :: c
        code = c * (((-0.375d0) * ((a * c) / (b ** 3.0d0))) - (0.5d0 / b))
    end function
    
    public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	return c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / Math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
    }
    
    def code(a, b, c):
    	return c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b))
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-0.375 * Float64(Float64(a * c) / (b ^ 3.0))) - Float64(0.5 / b)))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / (b ^ 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 52.3%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-sub052.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - b\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. sqr-neg52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(0 - b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. associate-+l-52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      4. sub0-neg52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      5. sub-neg52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(b + \left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      6. distribute-neg-in52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(-\left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      7. remove-double-neg52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      8. sqr-neg52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      9. associate-*l*52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified52.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{3 \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 83.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in c around 0 82.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/82.9%

        \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot 1}{b}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval82.9%

        \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{b}\right) \]
    8. Simplified82.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)} \]
    9. Final simplification82.9%

      \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
    10. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 8: 64.8% accurate, 23.2× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{c \cdot -0.5}{b} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (* c -0.5) b))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	return (c * -0.5) / b;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(a, b, c)
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: b
        real(8), intent (in) :: c
        code = (c * (-0.5d0)) / b
    end function
    
    public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	return (c * -0.5) / b;
    }
    
    def code(a, b, c):
    	return (c * -0.5) / b
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	return Float64(Float64(c * -0.5) / b)
    end
    
    function tmp = code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = (c * -0.5) / b;
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c * -0.5), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{c \cdot -0.5}{b}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 52.3%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-sub052.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - b\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. sqr-neg52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(0 - b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. associate-+l-52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      4. sub0-neg52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      5. sub-neg52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(b + \left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      6. distribute-neg-in52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(-\left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      7. remove-double-neg52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      8. sqr-neg52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      9. associate-*l*52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified52.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{3 \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in b around inf 66.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/66.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.5 \cdot c}{b}} \]
      2. *-commutative66.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot -0.5}}{b} \]
    7. Simplified66.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c \cdot -0.5}{b}} \]
    8. Final simplification66.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c \cdot -0.5}{b} \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 9: 3.2% accurate, 38.7× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0}{a} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ 0.0 a))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	return 0.0 / a;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(a, b, c)
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: b
        real(8), intent (in) :: c
        code = 0.0d0 / a
    end function
    
    public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	return 0.0 / a;
    }
    
    def code(a, b, c):
    	return 0.0 / a
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	return Float64(0.0 / a)
    end
    
    function tmp = code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = 0.0 / a;
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(0.0 / a), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{0}{a}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 52.3%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-sub052.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - b\right)} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. sqr-neg52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(0 - b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. associate-+l-52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      4. sub0-neg52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\left(b - \sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      5. sub-neg52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(b + \left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      6. distribute-neg-in52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(-\left(-\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      7. remove-double-neg52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      8. sqr-neg52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      9. associate-*l*52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified52.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{3 \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-sqr-sqrt52.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{\sqrt{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} \cdot \sqrt{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. difference-of-squares52.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(b + \sqrt{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. associate-*r*52.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      4. *-commutative52.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{\color{blue}{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{3 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      5. associate-*r*52.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      6. *-commutative52.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr52.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(b + \sqrt{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*52.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. associate-*r*52.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\left(b + \sqrt{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    8. Simplified52.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(b + \sqrt{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{\left(c \cdot 3\right) \cdot a}\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in b around inf 3.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666 \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot \left(\sqrt{a \cdot c} \cdot \sqrt{3}\right) + \sqrt{a \cdot c} \cdot \sqrt{3}}{a}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/3.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\sqrt{a \cdot c} \cdot \sqrt{3}\right) + \sqrt{a \cdot c} \cdot \sqrt{3}\right)}{a}} \]
      2. distribute-lft1-in3.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{a \cdot c} \cdot \sqrt{3}\right)\right)}}{a} \]
      3. metadata-eval3.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a \cdot c} \cdot \sqrt{3}\right)\right)}{a} \]
      4. mul0-lft3.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{0}}{a} \]
      5. metadata-eval3.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0}}{a} \]
    11. Simplified3.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0}{a}} \]
    12. Final simplification3.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0}{a} \]
    13. Add Preprocessing

    Reproduce

    ?
    herbie shell --seed 2024080 
    (FPCore (a b c)
      :name "Cubic critical, narrow range"
      :precision binary64
      :pre (and (and (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 a) (< a 94906265.62425156)) (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 b) (< b 94906265.62425156))) (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 c) (< c 94906265.62425156)))
      (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))