
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 12 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (- (/ PI s)))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))))
(* s (- (log (/ (+ (pow t_0 -2.0) -1.0) (- (/ 1.0 t_0) -1.0)))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = (u / (1.0f + expf(-(((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s))));
return s * -logf(((powf(t_0, -2.0f) + -1.0f) / ((1.0f / t_0) - -1.0f)));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(-Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32((t_0 ^ Float32(-2.0)) + Float32(-1.0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / t_0) - Float32(-1.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = (u / (single(1.0) + exp(-(single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))); tmp = s * -log((((t_0 ^ single(-2.0)) + single(-1.0)) / ((single(1.0) / t_0) - single(-1.0)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{u}{1 + e^{-\frac{\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\frac{{t\_0}^{-2} + -1}{\frac{1}{t\_0} - -1}\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
Simplified99.0%
clear-num99.0%
associate-/r/99.0%
Applied egg-rr99.0%
flip-+99.0%
Applied egg-rr99.0%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(+
-1.0
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (- (/ PI s)))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (cbrt (/ (pow PI 3.0) (pow s 3.0)))))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf(-(((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf(cbrtf((powf(((float) M_PI), 3.0f) / powf(s, 3.0f))))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(-Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(cbrt(Float32((Float32(pi) ^ Float32(3.0)) / (s ^ Float32(3.0))))))))))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{-\frac{\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\sqrt[3]{\frac{{\pi}^{3}}{{s}^{3}}}}}}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
Simplified99.0%
add-sqr-sqrt99.0%
add-cbrt-cube99.0%
sqrt-unprod99.0%
sqr-neg99.0%
sqrt-unprod-0.0%
add-sqr-sqrt2.3%
add-cbrt-cube2.3%
cbrt-undiv2.3%
pow32.3%
pow32.3%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod99.0%
sqr-neg99.0%
sqrt-unprod99.0%
add-sqr-sqrt99.0%
Applied egg-rr99.0%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(+
-1.0
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (- (/ PI s)))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (* PI (/ 1.0 s))))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf(-(((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) * (1.0f / s)))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(-Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(1.0) / s))))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp(-(single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) * (single(1.0) / s))))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{-\frac{\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{s}}}}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
Simplified99.0%
clear-num99.0%
associate-/r/99.0%
Applied egg-rr99.0%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (- (/ PI s)))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf(-(((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(-Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp(-(single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{-\frac{\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
Simplified99.0%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log (log (fma -4.0 (* E (/ (+ (* (* u PI) 0.5) (* PI -0.25)) s)) E))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf(logf(fmaf(-4.0f, (((float) M_E) * ((((u * ((float) M_PI)) * 0.5f) + (((float) M_PI) * -0.25f)) / s)), ((float) M_E))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(log(fma(Float32(-4.0), Float32(Float32(exp(1)) * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) * Float32(0.5)) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(-0.25))) / s)), Float32(exp(1))))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, e \cdot \frac{\left(u \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5 + \pi \cdot -0.25}{s}, e\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
Simplified99.0%
clear-num99.0%
associate-/r/99.0%
Applied egg-rr99.0%
add-log-exp24.7%
associate-*l/24.7%
*-un-lft-identity24.7%
Applied egg-rr24.7%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 25.4%
+-commutative25.4%
fma-define25.4%
Simplified25.4%
Final simplification25.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log s) (log PI))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (logf(s) - logf(((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(log(s) - log(Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (log(s) - log(single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\log s - \log \pi\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.7%
+-commutative24.7%
fma-define24.7%
associate--r+24.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.7%
distribute-rgt-out--24.7%
*-commutative24.7%
metadata-eval24.7%
metadata-eval24.7%
*-commutative24.7%
Simplified24.7%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.0%
mul-1-neg25.0%
log1p-define25.0%
*-commutative25.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in25.0%
Simplified25.0%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.1%
mul-1-neg25.1%
unsub-neg25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Final simplification25.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* u (/ (* PI 2.0) (+ 1.0 (/ PI s)))) (* s (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (u * ((((float) M_PI) * 2.0f) / (1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s)))) - (s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0)) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) - Float32(s * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
u \cdot \frac{\pi \cdot 2}{1 + \frac{\pi}{s}} - s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.7%
+-commutative24.7%
fma-define24.7%
associate--r+24.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.7%
distribute-rgt-out--24.7%
*-commutative24.7%
metadata-eval24.7%
metadata-eval24.7%
*-commutative24.7%
Simplified24.7%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.0%
+-commutative25.0%
mul-1-neg25.0%
unsub-neg25.0%
*-commutative25.0%
associate-/l*25.0%
associate-*r*25.0%
associate-*l/25.0%
+-commutative25.0%
log1p-define25.0%
Simplified25.0%
Final simplification25.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log1p (* PI (/ 1.0 s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) * (1.0f / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(1.0) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.7%
+-commutative24.7%
fma-define24.7%
associate--r+24.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.7%
distribute-rgt-out--24.7%
*-commutative24.7%
metadata-eval24.7%
metadata-eval24.7%
*-commutative24.7%
Simplified24.7%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.0%
mul-1-neg25.0%
log1p-define25.0%
*-commutative25.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in25.0%
Simplified25.0%
clear-num99.0%
associate-/r/99.0%
Applied egg-rr25.0%
Final simplification25.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log1p (/ PI s))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.7%
+-commutative24.7%
fma-define24.7%
associate--r+24.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.7%
distribute-rgt-out--24.7%
*-commutative24.7%
metadata-eval24.7%
metadata-eval24.7%
*-commutative24.7%
Simplified24.7%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.0%
mul-1-neg25.0%
log1p-define25.0%
*-commutative25.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in25.0%
Simplified25.0%
Final simplification25.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* -4.0 (* u (* PI (+ -0.5 (/ 0.25 u))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -4.0f * (u * (((float) M_PI) * (-0.5f + (0.25f / u))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(u * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(-0.5) + Float32(Float32(0.25) / u))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(-4.0) * (u * (single(pi) * (single(-0.5) + (single(0.25) / u)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-4 \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(-0.5 + \frac{0.25}{u}\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.7%
associate--r+11.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.7%
associate-*r*11.7%
distribute-rgt-out11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
associate-*l*11.7%
Simplified11.7%
add-cube-cbrt11.8%
pow311.8%
Applied egg-rr11.8%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
associate-*r/11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
associate-/l*11.7%
distribute-lft-out11.7%
Simplified11.7%
Final simplification11.7%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* -4.0 (* PI (+ 0.25 (* u -0.5)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -4.0f * (((float) M_PI) * (0.25f + (u * -0.5f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(-0.5))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(-4.0) * (single(pi) * (single(0.25) + (u * single(-0.5)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-4 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(0.25 + u \cdot -0.5\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.7%
associate--r+11.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.7%
associate-*r*11.7%
distribute-rgt-out11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
associate-*l*11.7%
Simplified11.7%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.7%
associate-*r*11.7%
distribute-rgt-out11.7%
*-commutative11.7%
Simplified11.7%
Final simplification11.7%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.5%
neg-mul-111.5%
Simplified11.5%
Final simplification11.5%
herbie shell --seed 2024080
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))