Migdal et al, Equation (51)

Percentage Accurate: 99.4% → 99.5%

Time: 17.2s

Alternatives: 9

Speedup: 1.0×

• could not determine a ground truth

  1. k = 2.00000000000000007e154
  2. n = 0.0

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt k)) (pow (* (* 2.0 PI) n) (/ (- 1.0 k) 2.0))))

C

double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * pow(((2.0 * ((double) M_PI)) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}

Java

public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / Math.sqrt(k)) * Math.pow(((2.0 * Math.PI) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}

Python

def code(k, n):
	return (1.0 / math.sqrt(k)) * math.pow(((2.0 * math.pi) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0))

Julia

function code(k, n)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (Float64(Float64(2.0 * pi) * n) ^ Float64(Float64(1.0 - k) / 2.0)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (((2.0 * pi) * n) ^ ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
end

Wolfram

code[k_, n_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * n), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.0 - k), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 99.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt k)) (pow (* (* 2.0 PI) n) (/ (- 1.0 k) 2.0))))

C

double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * pow(((2.0 * ((double) M_PI)) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}

Java

public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / Math.sqrt(k)) * Math.pow(((2.0 * Math.PI) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}

Python

def code(k, n):
	return (1.0 / math.sqrt(k)) * math.pow(((2.0 * math.pi) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0))

Julia

function code(k, n)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (Float64(Float64(2.0 * pi) * n) ^ Float64(Float64(1.0 - k) / 2.0)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (((2.0 * pi) * n) ^ ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
end

Wolfram

code[k_, n_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * n), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.0 - k), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 99.5% accurate, 0.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\\ \frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{k \cdot {t\_0}^{k}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* n (* PI 2.0)))) (/ (sqrt t_0) (sqrt (* k (pow t_0 k))))))

C

double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = n * (((double) M_PI) * 2.0);
	return sqrt(t_0) / sqrt((k * pow(t_0, k)));
}

Java

public static double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = n * (Math.PI * 2.0);
	return Math.sqrt(t_0) / Math.sqrt((k * Math.pow(t_0, k)));
}

Python

def code(k, n):
	t_0 = n * (math.pi * 2.0)
	return math.sqrt(t_0) / math.sqrt((k * math.pow(t_0, k)))

Julia

function code(k, n)
	t_0 = Float64(n * Float64(pi * 2.0))
	return Float64(sqrt(t_0) / sqrt(Float64(k * (t_0 ^ k))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(k, n)
	t_0 = n * (pi * 2.0);
	tmp = sqrt(t_0) / sqrt((k * (t_0 ^ k)));
end

Wolfram

code[k_, n_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(n * N[(Pi * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(k * N[Power[t$95$0, k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.5%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*l/ 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]

   2. *-un-lft-identity 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   3. associate-*r* 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   4. div-sub 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   5. metadata-eval 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   6. pow-div 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{0.5}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   7. pow1/2 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   8. associate-/l/ 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}}} \]

   9. div-inv 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}} \]

   10. metadata-eval 99.7%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)}} \]

4. Applied egg-rr 99.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*r* 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n}}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \]

   2. associate-*r* 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \]

6. Simplified 99.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. div-inv 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}} \]

   2. associate-*r* 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \]

   3. add-sqr-sqrt 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}} \]

   4. sqrt-unprod 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}} \]

   5. swap-sqr 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{k}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}} \]

   6. add-sqr-sqrt 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{k} \cdot \left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}} \]

   7. pow-unpow 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{k}\right)}^{0.5}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}} \]

   8. pow-unpow 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k \cdot \left({\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{k}\right)}^{0.5} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{k}\right)}^{0.5}}\right)}} \]

   9. unpow1/2 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{k}}} \cdot {\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{k}\right)}^{0.5}\right)}} \]

   10. unpow1/2 99.7%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k \cdot \left(\sqrt{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{k}}}\right)}} \]

8. Applied egg-rr 99.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}}} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*r/ 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot 1}{\sqrt{k \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}}} \]

   2. *-rgt-identity 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}}{\sqrt{k \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}} \]

   3. *-commutative 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right) \cdot 2}}}{\sqrt{k \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}} \]

   4. *-commutative 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot 2}}{\sqrt{k \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}} \]

   5. associate-*l* 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}{\sqrt{k \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}} \]

   6. *-commutative 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}{\sqrt{k \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot n\right) \cdot 2\right)}}^{k}}} \]

   7. *-commutative 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}{\sqrt{k \cdot {\left(\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot 2\right)}^{k}}} \]

   8. associate-*l* 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}{\sqrt{k \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)}}^{k}}} \]

10. Simplified 99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}{\sqrt{k \cdot {\left(n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)}^{k}}}} \]

11. Final simplification 99.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}{\sqrt{k \cdot {\left(n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)}^{k}}} \]
12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 4.3 \cdot 10^{-14}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{k}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{{t\_0}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* n (* PI 2.0))))
   (if (<= k 4.3e-14)
     (/ (sqrt t_0) (sqrt k))
     (sqrt (/ (pow t_0 (- 1.0 k)) k)))))

C

double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = n * (((double) M_PI) * 2.0);
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 4.3e-14) {
		tmp = sqrt(t_0) / sqrt(k);
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt((pow(t_0, (1.0 - k)) / k));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Java

public static double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = n * (Math.PI * 2.0);
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 4.3e-14) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(t_0) / Math.sqrt(k);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((Math.pow(t_0, (1.0 - k)) / k));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(k, n):
	t_0 = n * (math.pi * 2.0)
	tmp = 0
	if k <= 4.3e-14:
		tmp = math.sqrt(t_0) / math.sqrt(k)
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt((math.pow(t_0, (1.0 - k)) / k))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(k, n)
	t_0 = Float64(n * Float64(pi * 2.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k <= 4.3e-14)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(t_0) / sqrt(k));
	else
		tmp = sqrt(Float64((t_0 ^ Float64(1.0 - k)) / k));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(k, n)
	t_0 = n * (pi * 2.0);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (k <= 4.3e-14)
		tmp = sqrt(t_0) / sqrt(k);
	else
		tmp = sqrt(((t_0 ^ (1.0 - k)) / k));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[k_, n_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(n * N[(Pi * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[k, 4.3e-14], N[(N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[t$95$0, N[(1.0 - k), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / k), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if k < 4.29999999999999998e-14

   1. Initial program 99.2%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 98.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*l/ 99.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{k}}} \]

      2. *-un-lft-identity 99.0%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

      3. sqrt-unprod 99.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

      4. *-commutative 99.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

      5. *-commutative 99.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   5. Applied egg-rr 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 99.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right) \cdot 2}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

      2. *-commutative 99.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot 2}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

      3. associate-*l* 99.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   7. Simplified 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]

   if 4.29999999999999998e-14 < k

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. add-sqr-sqrt 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}} \]

      2. sqrt-unprod 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]

      3. *-commutative 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      4. associate-*r* 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left({\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      5. div-sub 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left({\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      6. metadata-eval 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left({\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      7. div-inv 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      8. *-commutative 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)}} \]

   4. Applied egg-rr 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}^{2}}{k}}} \]

   6. Simplified 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 99.5%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 4.3 \cdot 10^{-14}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{{\left(n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 59.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 5.8 \cdot 10^{+53}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \mathsf{fma}\left(n, \frac{\pi}{k}, 1\right)\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= k 5.8e+53)
   (/ (sqrt (* n (* PI 2.0))) (sqrt k))
   (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ -1.0 (fma n (/ PI k) 1.0))))))

C

double code(double k, double n) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 5.8e+53) {
		tmp = sqrt((n * (((double) M_PI) * 2.0))) / sqrt(k);
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt((2.0 * (-1.0 + fma(n, (((double) M_PI) / k), 1.0))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(k, n)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k <= 5.8e+53)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(n * Float64(pi * 2.0))) / sqrt(k));
	else
		tmp = sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(-1.0 + fma(n, Float64(pi / k), 1.0))));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[k_, n_] := If[LessEqual[k, 5.8e+53], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(n * N[(Pi * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(-1.0 + N[(n * N[(Pi / k), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if k < 5.8000000000000004e53

   1. Initial program 99.1%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 87.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*l/ 87.5%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{k}}} \]

      2. *-un-lft-identity 87.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

      3. sqrt-unprod 87.6%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

      4. *-commutative 87.6%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

      5. *-commutative 87.6%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   5. Applied egg-rr 87.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 87.6%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right) \cdot 2}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

      2. *-commutative 87.6%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot 2}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

      3. associate-*l* 87.6%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   7. Simplified 87.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]

   if 5.8000000000000004e53 < k

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 2.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 2.6%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}} \]

      2. associate-/l* 2.6%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \]

   5. Simplified 2.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. pow1 2.6%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}\right)}^{1}} \]

      2. sqrt-unprod 2.6%

         \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}\right)}}^{1} \]

   7. Applied egg-rr 2.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}\right)}^{1}} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow1 2.6%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}} \]

   9. Simplified 2.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. expm1-log1p-u 2.6%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)\right)}} \]

       2. expm1-undefine 26.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)} - 1\right)}} \]

       3. clear-num 26.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}\right)} - 1\right)} \]

       4. un-div-inv 26.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}\right)} - 1\right)} \]

   11. Applied egg-rr 26.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}\right)} - 1\right)}} \]
   12. Step-by-step derivation

       1. sub-neg 26.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]

       2. metadata-eval 26.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}\right)} + \color{blue}{-1}\right)} \]

       3. +-commutative 26.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 + e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}\right)}\right)}} \]

       4. log1p-undefine 26.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}\right)}}\right)} \]

       5. rem-exp-log 26.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}\right)}\right)} \]

       6. +-commutative 26.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} + 1\right)}\right)} \]

       7. associate-/r/ 26.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi} + 1\right)\right)} \]

       8. associate-*l/ 26.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} + 1\right)\right)} \]

       9. associate-/l* 26.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \left(\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} + 1\right)\right)} \]

       10. fma-define 26.2%

           \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(n, \frac{\pi}{k}, 1\right)}\right)} \]

   13. Simplified 26.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 + \mathsf{fma}\left(n, \frac{\pi}{k}, 1\right)\right)}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 61.5%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 5.8 \cdot 10^{+53}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \mathsf{fma}\left(n, \frac{\pi}{k}, 1\right)\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (pow (* 2.0 (* n PI)) (- 0.5 (/ k 2.0))) (sqrt k)))

C

double code(double k, double n) {
	return pow((2.0 * (n * ((double) M_PI))), (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / sqrt(k);
}

Java

public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.pow((2.0 * (n * Math.PI)), (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / Math.sqrt(k);
}

Python

def code(k, n):
	return math.pow((2.0 * (n * math.pi)), (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / math.sqrt(k)

Julia

function code(k, n)
	return Float64((Float64(2.0 * Float64(n * pi)) ^ Float64(0.5 - Float64(k / 2.0))) / sqrt(k))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = ((2.0 * (n * pi)) ^ (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / sqrt(k);
end

Wolfram

code[k_, n_] := N[(N[Power[N[(2.0 * N[(n * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 - N[(k / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.5%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*l/ 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]

   2. *-lft-identity 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   3. associate-*l* 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   4. div-sub 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   5. metadata-eval 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

3. Simplified 99.5%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Final simplification 99.5%

   \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 49.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{2 \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{n} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (k n) :precision binary64 (* (sqrt (* 2.0 (/ PI k))) (sqrt n)))

C

double code(double k, double n) {
	return sqrt((2.0 * (((double) M_PI) / k))) * sqrt(n);
}

Java

public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.sqrt((2.0 * (Math.PI / k))) * Math.sqrt(n);
}

Python

def code(k, n):
	return math.sqrt((2.0 * (math.pi / k))) * math.sqrt(n)

Julia

function code(k, n)
	return Float64(sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(pi / k))) * sqrt(n))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = sqrt((2.0 * (pi / k))) * sqrt(n);
end

Wolfram

code[k_, n_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(Pi / k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.5%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 39.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 39.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}} \]

   2. associate-/l* 39.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \]

5. Simplified 39.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. pow1 39.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}\right)}^{1}} \]

   2. sqrt-unprod 39.9%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}\right)}}^{1} \]

7. Applied egg-rr 39.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}\right)}^{1}} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow1 39.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}} \]

9. Simplified 39.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}} \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

    1. sqrt-prod 39.7%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \]

    2. *-commutative 39.7%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{k} \cdot n}} \]

    3. sqrt-unprod 51.3%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{n}\right)} \]

    4. associate-*r* 51.3%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{k}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{n}} \]

    5. sqrt-unprod 51.1%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{n} \]

11. Applied egg-rr 51.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{n}} \]

12. Final simplification 51.1%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{n} \]
13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 49.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot 2} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (k n) :precision binary64 (* (sqrt (/ PI k)) (sqrt (* n 2.0))))

C

double code(double k, double n) {
	return sqrt((((double) M_PI) / k)) * sqrt((n * 2.0));
}

Java

public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.sqrt((Math.PI / k)) * Math.sqrt((n * 2.0));
}

Python

def code(k, n):
	return math.sqrt((math.pi / k)) * math.sqrt((n * 2.0))

Julia

function code(k, n)
	return Float64(sqrt(Float64(pi / k)) * sqrt(Float64(n * 2.0)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = sqrt((pi / k)) * sqrt((n * 2.0));
end

Wolfram

code[k_, n_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(Pi / k), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(n * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.5%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 39.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 39.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}} \]

   2. associate-/l* 39.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \]

5. Simplified 39.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. pow1 39.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}\right)}^{1}} \]

   2. sqrt-unprod 39.9%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}\right)}}^{1} \]

7. Applied egg-rr 39.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}\right)}^{1}} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow1 39.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}} \]

9. Simplified 39.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}} \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

    1. pow1/2 39.9%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)\right)}^{0.5}} \]

    2. associate-*r* 39.9%

       \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}}^{0.5} \]

    3. unpow-prod-down 51.4%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot n\right)}^{0.5} \cdot {\left(\frac{\pi}{k}\right)}^{0.5}} \]

    4. *-commutative 51.4%

       \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot 2\right)}}^{0.5} \cdot {\left(\frac{\pi}{k}\right)}^{0.5} \]

    5. pow1/2 51.4%

       \[\leadsto {\left(n \cdot 2\right)}^{0.5} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{k}}} \]

11. Applied egg-rr 51.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(n \cdot 2\right)}^{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{k}}} \]
12. Step-by-step derivation

    1. *-commutative 51.4%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot {\left(n \cdot 2\right)}^{0.5}} \]

    2. unpow1/2 51.4%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{n \cdot 2}} \]

    3. *-commutative 51.4%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot n}} \]

13. Simplified 51.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot n}} \]

14. Final simplification 51.4%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot 2} \]
15. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 49.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (k n) :precision binary64 (/ (sqrt (* n (* PI 2.0))) (sqrt k)))

C

double code(double k, double n) {
	return sqrt((n * (((double) M_PI) * 2.0))) / sqrt(k);
}

Java

public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.sqrt((n * (Math.PI * 2.0))) / Math.sqrt(k);
}

Python

def code(k, n):
	return math.sqrt((n * (math.pi * 2.0))) / math.sqrt(k)

Julia

function code(k, n)
	return Float64(sqrt(Float64(n * Float64(pi * 2.0))) / sqrt(k))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = sqrt((n * (pi * 2.0))) / sqrt(k);
end

Wolfram

code[k_, n_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(n * N[(Pi * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.5%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 51.3%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*l/ 51.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{k}}} \]

   2. *-un-lft-identity 51.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   3. sqrt-unprod 51.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   4. *-commutative 51.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   5. *-commutative 51.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

5. Applied egg-rr 51.5%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 51.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right) \cdot 2}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   2. *-commutative 51.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot 2}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

   3. associate-*l* 51.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

7. Simplified 51.5%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]

8. Final simplification 51.5%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 38.5% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\frac{k}{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{-0.5} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (k n) :precision binary64 (pow (/ k (* PI (* n 2.0))) -0.5))

C

double code(double k, double n) {
	return pow((k / (((double) M_PI) * (n * 2.0))), -0.5);
}

Java

public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.pow((k / (Math.PI * (n * 2.0))), -0.5);
}

Python

def code(k, n):
	return math.pow((k / (math.pi * (n * 2.0))), -0.5)

Julia

function code(k, n)
	return Float64(k / Float64(pi * Float64(n * 2.0))) ^ -0.5
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (k / (pi * (n * 2.0))) ^ -0.5;
end

Wolfram

code[k_, n_] := N[Power[N[(k / N[(Pi * N[(n * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.5], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.5%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 39.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 39.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}} \]

   2. associate-/l* 39.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \]

5. Simplified 39.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. pow1 39.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}\right)}^{1}} \]

   2. sqrt-unprod 39.9%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}\right)}}^{1} \]

7. Applied egg-rr 39.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}\right)}^{1}} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow1 39.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}} \]

9. Simplified 39.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}} \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

    1. associate-*r/ 39.8%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}} \]

    2. *-commutative 39.8%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot n}}{k}} \]

    3. associate-*r/ 39.8%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}{k}}} \]

    4. *-commutative 39.8%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right) \cdot 2}}{k}} \]

    5. *-commutative 39.8%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot 2}{k}} \]

    6. associate-*r* 39.8%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}{k}} \]

    7. sqrt-undiv 51.5%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]

    8. clear-num 51.4%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}} \]

    9. associate-*r* 51.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}}} \]

    10. *-commutative 51.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot 2}}} \]

    11. *-commutative 51.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}}} \]

    12. inv-pow 51.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}\right)}^{-1}} \]

    13. sqrt-undiv 40.6%

        \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{k}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}\right)}}^{-1} \]

    14. sqrt-pow2 40.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}\right)}^{\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)}} \]

11. Applied egg-rr 40.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{-0.5}} \]
12. Step-by-step derivation

    1. associate-*r* 40.6%

       \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}\right)}^{-0.5} \]

    2. *-commutative 40.6%

       \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{k}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)}}\right)}^{-0.5} \]

    3. associate-*r* 40.6%

       \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi}}\right)}^{-0.5} \]

13. Simplified 40.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi}\right)}^{-0.5}} \]

14. Final simplification 40.6%

    \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{k}{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
15. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 37.8% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (k n) :precision binary64 (sqrt (* 2.0 (* n (/ PI k)))))

C

double code(double k, double n) {
	return sqrt((2.0 * (n * (((double) M_PI) / k))));
}

Java

public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.sqrt((2.0 * (n * (Math.PI / k))));
}

Python

def code(k, n):
	return math.sqrt((2.0 * (n * (math.pi / k))))

Julia

function code(k, n)
	return sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(n * Float64(pi / k))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = sqrt((2.0 * (n * (pi / k))));
end

Wolfram

code[k_, n_] := N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(n * N[(Pi / k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.5%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 39.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 39.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}} \]

   2. associate-/l* 39.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \]

5. Simplified 39.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. pow1 39.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}\right)}^{1}} \]

   2. sqrt-unprod 39.9%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}\right)}}^{1} \]

7. Applied egg-rr 39.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}\right)}^{1}} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow1 39.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}} \]

9. Simplified 39.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}} \]

10. Final simplification 39.9%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)} \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024080 
(FPCore (k n)
  :name "Migdal et al, Equation (51)"
  :precision binary64
  (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt k)) (pow (* (* 2.0 PI) n) (/ (- 1.0 k) 2.0))))