
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(-
(*
a
(-
(*
(pow c 4.0)
(+ (* -5.0 (/ (pow a 2.0) (pow b 7.0))) (* -2.0 (/ a (* c (pow b 5.0))))))
(/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0))))
(/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((pow(c, 4.0) * ((-5.0 * (pow(a, 2.0) / pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * pow(b, 5.0)))))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * (((c ** 4.0d0) * (((-5.0d0) * ((a ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 7.0d0))) + ((-2.0d0) * (a / (c * (b ** 5.0d0)))))) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((Math.pow(c, 4.0) * ((-5.0 * (Math.pow(a, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * Math.pow(b, 5.0)))))) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((math.pow(c, 4.0) * ((-5.0 * (math.pow(a, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * math.pow(b, 5.0)))))) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64((c ^ 4.0) * Float64(Float64(-5.0 * Float64((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 7.0))) + Float64(-2.0 * Float64(a / Float64(c * (b ^ 5.0)))))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * (((c ^ 4.0) * ((-5.0 * ((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * (b ^ 5.0)))))) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 * N[(a / N[(c * N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot \left(-5 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{7}} + -2 \cdot \frac{a}{c \cdot {b}^{5}}\right) - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 31.6%
*-commutative31.6%
Simplified31.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 96.2%
+-commutative96.2%
mul-1-neg96.2%
unsub-neg96.2%
Simplified96.2%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 96.2%
Final simplification96.2%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(*
c
(fma
c
(-
(*
(pow a 3.0)
(+ (* -5.0 (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 7.0))) (* -2.0 (/ c (* a (pow b 5.0))))))
(/ a (pow b 3.0)))
(/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * fma(c, ((pow(a, 3.0) * ((-5.0 * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (c / (a * pow(b, 5.0)))))) - (a / pow(b, 3.0))), (-1.0 / b));
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * fma(c, Float64(Float64((a ^ 3.0) * Float64(Float64(-5.0 * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 7.0))) + Float64(-2.0 * Float64(c / Float64(a * (b ^ 5.0)))))) - Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0))), Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(c * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 * N[(c / N[(a * N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(c, {a}^{3} \cdot \left(-5 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{7}} + -2 \cdot \frac{c}{a \cdot {b}^{5}}\right) - \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}, \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 31.6%
*-commutative31.6%
Simplified31.6%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.9%
fma-neg95.9%
Simplified95.9%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 95.9%
Final simplification95.9%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* a (- (* -2.0 (* a (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 5.0)))) (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((-2.0 * (a * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 5.0)))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * (((-2.0d0) * (a * ((c ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0)))) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((-2.0 * (a * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0)))) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((-2.0 * (a * (math.pow(c, 3.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0)))) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(a * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0)))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((-2.0 * (a * ((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0)))) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(a * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}}\right) - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 31.6%
*-commutative31.6%
Simplified31.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 94.7%
+-commutative94.7%
mul-1-neg94.7%
unsub-neg94.7%
mul-1-neg94.7%
unsub-neg94.7%
associate-/l*94.7%
Simplified94.7%
Final simplification94.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (+ (* c (- (* -2.0 (/ (* c (pow a 2.0)) (pow b 5.0))) (/ a (pow b 3.0)))) (/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * pow(a, 2.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((c * (((-2.0d0) * ((c * (a ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - (a / (b ** 3.0d0)))) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * Math.pow(a, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * math.pow(a, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64(c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - (a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(c * N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{c \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 31.6%
*-commutative31.6%
Simplified31.6%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 94.4%
Final simplification94.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (/ (/ (pow (* a (/ c b)) 2.0) (- b)) a) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((pow((a * (c / b)), 2.0) / -b) / a) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((((a * (c / b)) ** 2.0d0) / -b) / a) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((Math.pow((a * (c / b)), 2.0) / -b) / a) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return ((math.pow((a * (c / b)), 2.0) / -b) / a) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * Float64(c / b)) ^ 2.0) / Float64(-b)) / a) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((((a * (c / b)) ^ 2.0) / -b) / a) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}}{-b}}{a} - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 31.6%
*-commutative31.6%
Simplified31.6%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 91.1%
distribute-lft-out91.1%
associate-/l*91.1%
Simplified91.1%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 91.1%
unpow291.1%
unpow291.1%
swap-sqr91.1%
unpow291.1%
*-commutative91.1%
rem-square-sqrt91.1%
unpow291.1%
*-commutative91.1%
unpow291.1%
unpow291.1%
times-frac91.1%
rem-sqrt-square91.1%
*-commutative91.1%
associate-/l*91.1%
Simplified91.1%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 91.4%
mul-1-neg91.4%
distribute-frac-neg291.4%
+-commutative91.4%
distribute-frac-neg291.4%
unsub-neg91.4%
Simplified91.4%
Final simplification91.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ c (* a (* (/ c b) (/ c b)))) (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c + (a * ((c / b) * (c / b)))) / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c + (a * ((c / b) * (c / b)))) / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c + (a * ((c / b) * (c / b)))) / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c + (a * ((c / b) * (c / b)))) / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c + Float64(a * Float64(Float64(c / b) * Float64(c / b)))) / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c + (a * ((c / b) * (c / b)))) / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c + N[(a * N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c + a \cdot \left(\frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}\right)}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 31.6%
*-commutative31.6%
Simplified31.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 91.4%
mul-1-neg91.4%
unsub-neg91.4%
mul-1-neg91.4%
distribute-neg-frac291.4%
associate-/l*91.4%
Simplified91.4%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 91.4%
distribute-lft-out91.4%
associate-*r/91.4%
mul-1-neg91.4%
distribute-neg-frac291.4%
+-commutative91.4%
associate-/l*91.4%
fma-define91.4%
unpow291.4%
unpow291.4%
times-frac91.4%
sqr-neg91.4%
distribute-frac-neg291.4%
distribute-frac-neg291.4%
unpow291.4%
Simplified91.4%
fma-undefine91.4%
Applied egg-rr91.4%
unpow291.4%
Applied egg-rr91.4%
Final simplification91.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -(c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = -(c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -(c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return -(c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(-Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = -(c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := (-N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision])
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 31.6%
*-commutative31.6%
Simplified31.6%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 81.4%
associate-*r/81.4%
mul-1-neg81.4%
Simplified81.4%
Final simplification81.4%
herbie shell --seed 2024080
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, medium range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 a) (< a 9007199254740992.0)) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 b) (< b 9007199254740992.0))) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 c) (< c 9007199254740992.0)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))