
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 10 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (exp (/ PI s))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 t_0))
(* u (+ (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s))))) (/ 1.0 (- -1.0 t_0))))))
-1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = expf((((float) M_PI) / s));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((1.0f / (1.0f + t_0)) + (u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + (1.0f / (-1.0f - t_0)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0)) + Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(-1.0) - t_0)))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = exp((single(pi) / s)); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + t_0)) + (u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + (single(1.0) / (single(-1.0) - t_0)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{1}{1 + t\_0} + u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1}{-1 - t\_0}\right)} + -1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Final simplification99.1%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+ (/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s))))) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.0%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (- (log s) (log PI)) (* u -2.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((logf(s) - logf(((float) M_PI))) - (u * -2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(log(s) - log(Float32(pi))) - Float32(u * Float32(-2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * ((log(s) - log(single(pi))) - (u * single(-2.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\left(\log s - \log \pi\right) - u \cdot -2\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.1%
distribute-rgt-out--25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.3%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.3%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.4%
mul-1-neg25.4%
unsub-neg25.4%
Simplified25.4%
Final simplification25.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (* u (- (- -2.0) (/ (log1p (/ PI s)) u)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (u * (-(-2.0f) - (log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)) / u)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(u * Float32(Float32(-Float32(-2.0)) - Float32(log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)) / u)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(\left(--2\right) - \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)}{u}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.1%
distribute-rgt-out--25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.3%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.3%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 25.3%
sub-neg25.3%
log1p-define25.3%
metadata-eval25.3%
Simplified25.3%
Final simplification25.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (- (log (+ 1.0 (/ PI s)))) (* u -2.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (-logf((1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s))) - (u * -2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) - Float32(u * Float32(-2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (-log((single(1.0) + (single(pi) / s))) - (u * single(-2.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\left(-\log \left(1 + \frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right) - u \cdot -2\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.1%
distribute-rgt-out--25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.3%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.3%
Final simplification25.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log (+ 1.0 (/ PI s))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf((1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log((single(1.0) + (single(pi) / s))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + \frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.1%
distribute-rgt-out--25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.3%
Final simplification25.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.1%
distribute-rgt-out--25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.3%
log1p-define25.3%
Simplified25.3%
Final simplification25.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (- PI) (* -2.0 (* u PI))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI) - (-2.0f * (u * ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) - Float32(Float32(-2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi) - (single(-2.0) * (u * single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-\pi\right) - -2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.1%
distribute-rgt-out--25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.3%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 9.0%
mul-1-neg9.0%
distribute-neg-frac29.0%
+-commutative9.0%
associate-/l*9.0%
mul-1-neg9.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-out9.0%
distribute-lft-out9.0%
Simplified9.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 12.1%
mul-1-neg12.1%
*-commutative12.1%
Simplified12.1%
Final simplification12.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* PI (+ -1.0 (* u 2.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((float) M_PI) * (-1.0f + (u * 2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(u * Float32(2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(pi) * (single(-1.0) + (u * single(2.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\pi \cdot \left(-1 + u \cdot 2\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.1%
distribute-rgt-out--25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.3%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 9.0%
mul-1-neg9.0%
distribute-neg-frac29.0%
+-commutative9.0%
associate-/l*9.0%
mul-1-neg9.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-out9.0%
distribute-lft-out9.0%
Simplified9.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 12.1%
distribute-lft-in12.1%
associate-*r*12.1%
metadata-eval12.1%
+-commutative12.1%
associate-*r*12.1%
distribute-rgt-out12.1%
*-commutative12.1%
Simplified12.1%
Final simplification12.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.9%
mul-1-neg11.9%
Simplified11.9%
Final simplification11.9%
herbie shell --seed 2024079
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))