VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)

Percentage Accurate: 7.1% → 99.1%
Time: 31.7s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 4.9×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 7.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.1% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (*
   -4.0
   (log
    (+ (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI 0.5)))) (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI -0.5)))))))
  PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * log(((1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * -0.5))))))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * Math.log(((1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * -0.5))))))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * math.log(((1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * -0.5))))))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * 0.5)))) + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * -0.5))))))) / pi)
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 7.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 6.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/6.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  6. Simplified99.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Final simplification99.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.9% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (log (+ (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* 0.5 (* f PI)))) (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* PI (* f -0.5))))))
  (/ -4.0 PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return log(((1.0 / expm1((0.5 * (f * ((double) M_PI))))) + (-1.0 / expm1((((double) M_PI) * (f * -0.5)))))) * (-4.0 / ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return Math.log(((1.0 / Math.expm1((0.5 * (f * Math.PI)))) + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((Math.PI * (f * -0.5)))))) * (-4.0 / Math.PI);
}
def code(f):
	return math.log(((1.0 / math.expm1((0.5 * (f * math.pi)))) + (-1.0 / math.expm1((math.pi * (f * -0.5)))))) * (-4.0 / math.pi)
function code(f)
	return Float64(log(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(0.5 * Float64(f * pi)))) + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(pi * Float64(f * -0.5)))))) * Float64(-4.0 / pi))
end
code[f_] := N[(N[Log[N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(0.5 * N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(Pi * N[(f * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 7.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Final simplification98.9%

    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 96.5% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (-
  (* -4.0 (/ (- (log (/ 4.0 PI)) (log f)) PI))
  (* (pow f 2.0) (* PI 0.08333333333333333))))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * ((log((4.0 / ((double) M_PI))) - log(f)) / ((double) M_PI))) - (pow(f, 2.0) * (((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * ((Math.log((4.0 / Math.PI)) - Math.log(f)) / Math.PI)) - (Math.pow(f, 2.0) * (Math.PI * 0.08333333333333333));
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * ((math.log((4.0 / math.pi)) - math.log(f)) / math.pi)) - (math.pow(f, 2.0) * (math.pi * 0.08333333333333333))
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(Float64(log(Float64(4.0 / pi)) - log(f)) / pi)) - Float64((f ^ 2.0) * Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333)))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = (-4.0 * ((log((4.0 / pi)) - log(f)) / pi)) - ((f ^ 2.0) * (pi * 0.08333333333333333));
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(N[(N[Log[N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[f], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[f, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 7.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi} + -1 \cdot \left({f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-neg96.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi} + \color{blue}{\left(-{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
    2. unsub-neg96.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    3. mul-1-neg96.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]
    4. unsub-neg96.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]
    5. distribute-rgt-out96.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 + 0.125\right)} - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]
    6. distribute-rgt-out96.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 + 0.125\right) - \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(-0.125 + 0.08333333333333333\right)}\right) \]
    7. metadata-eval96.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 + 0.125\right) - \pi \cdot \color{blue}{-0.041666666666666664}\right) \]
  6. Simplified96.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)} \]
  7. Final simplification96.9%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 96.5% accurate, 2.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + \pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right)\right)}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (*
   -4.0
   (log
    (+
     (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI -0.5))))
     (/
      (- (* 2.0 (/ 1.0 PI)) (* f (+ 0.5 (* PI (* f -0.041666666666666664)))))
      f))))
  PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * log(((-1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * -0.5)))) + (((2.0 * (1.0 / ((double) M_PI))) - (f * (0.5 + (((double) M_PI) * (f * -0.041666666666666664))))) / f)))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * Math.log(((-1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * -0.5)))) + (((2.0 * (1.0 / Math.PI)) - (f * (0.5 + (Math.PI * (f * -0.041666666666666664))))) / f)))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * math.log(((-1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * -0.5)))) + (((2.0 * (1.0 / math.pi)) - (f * (0.5 + (math.pi * (f * -0.041666666666666664))))) / f)))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log(Float64(Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * -0.5)))) + Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 / pi)) - Float64(f * Float64(0.5 + Float64(pi * Float64(f * -0.041666666666666664))))) / f)))) / pi)
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[N[(N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(f * N[(0.5 + N[(Pi * N[(f * -0.041666666666666664), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + \pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right)\right)}{f}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 7.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 6.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/6.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  6. Simplified99.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\color{blue}{\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. distribute-lft-in96.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi\right) + f \cdot \left(0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    2. *-commutative96.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot -0.125\right)} + f \cdot \left(0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. *-commutative96.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125\right) + f \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)}\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  9. Applied egg-rr96.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125\right) + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)} - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. distribute-lft-out96.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)} - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    2. distribute-lft-out96.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(-0.125 + 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)}\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. metadata-eval96.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{-0.041666666666666664}\right)\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    4. *-commutative96.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right) \cdot f\right)} - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    5. associate-*l*96.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(-0.041666666666666664 \cdot f\right)\right)} - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  11. Simplified96.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(-0.041666666666666664 \cdot f\right)\right)} - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  12. Final simplification96.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + \pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right)\right)}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
  13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 96.4% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (-
  (* -4.0 (/ (log (/ 4.0 (* f PI))) PI))
  (* (pow f 2.0) (* PI 0.08333333333333333))))
double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * (log((4.0 / (f * ((double) M_PI)))) / ((double) M_PI))) - (pow(f, 2.0) * (((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (-4.0 * (Math.log((4.0 / (f * Math.PI))) / Math.PI)) - (Math.pow(f, 2.0) * (Math.PI * 0.08333333333333333));
}
def code(f):
	return (-4.0 * (math.log((4.0 / (f * math.pi))) / math.pi)) - (math.pow(f, 2.0) * (math.pi * 0.08333333333333333))
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log(Float64(4.0 / Float64(f * pi))) / pi)) - Float64((f ^ 2.0) * Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333)))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = (-4.0 * (log((4.0 / (f * pi))) / pi)) - ((f ^ 2.0) * (pi * 0.08333333333333333));
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[N[(4.0 / N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[f, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 7.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi} + -1 \cdot \left({f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-neg96.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi} + \color{blue}{\left(-{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
    2. unsub-neg96.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    3. mul-1-neg96.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]
    4. unsub-neg96.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]
    5. distribute-rgt-out96.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 + 0.125\right)} - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]
    6. distribute-rgt-out96.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 + 0.125\right) - \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(-0.125 + 0.08333333333333333\right)}\right) \]
    7. metadata-eval96.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 + 0.125\right) - \pi \cdot \color{blue}{-0.041666666666666664}\right) \]
  6. Simplified96.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-un-lft-identity96.3%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}\right)} \]
    2. diff-log96.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(1 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi}\right) \]
  8. Applied egg-rr96.8%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}\right)} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-lft-identity96.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
    2. associate-/r*96.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
  10. Simplified96.8%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)}{\pi}} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) \]
  11. Final simplification96.8%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) \]
  12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 96.0% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* -4.0 (/ (- (log (/ 4.0 PI)) (log f)) PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * ((log((4.0 / ((double) M_PI))) - log(f)) / ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * ((Math.log((4.0 / Math.PI)) - Math.log(f)) / Math.PI);
}
def code(f):
	return -4.0 * ((math.log((4.0 / math.pi)) - math.log(f)) / math.pi)
function code(f)
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(Float64(log(Float64(4.0 / pi)) - log(f)) / pi))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = -4.0 * ((log((4.0 / pi)) - log(f)) / pi);
end
code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[(N[Log[N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[f], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 7.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-neg96.3%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. unsub-neg96.3%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}}{\pi} \]
  6. Simplified96.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}} \]
  7. Final simplification96.3%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 95.9% accurate, 4.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \left(1 + \left(-1 + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right)}{\pi}\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (* -4.0 (+ 1.0 (+ -1.0 (/ (log (/ (/ 4.0 f) PI)) PI)))))
double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (1.0 + (-1.0 + (log(((4.0 / f) / ((double) M_PI))) / ((double) M_PI))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (1.0 + (-1.0 + (Math.log(((4.0 / f) / Math.PI)) / Math.PI)));
}
def code(f):
	return -4.0 * (1.0 + (-1.0 + (math.log(((4.0 / f) / math.pi)) / math.pi)))
function code(f)
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(-1.0 + Float64(log(Float64(Float64(4.0 / f) / pi)) / pi))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = -4.0 * (1.0 + (-1.0 + (log(((4.0 / f) / pi)) / pi)));
end
code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(1.0 + N[(-1.0 + N[(N[Log[N[(N[(4.0 / f), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot \left(1 + \left(-1 + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right)}{\pi}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 7.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-neg96.3%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. unsub-neg96.3%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}}{\pi} \]
  6. Simplified96.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-un-lft-identity96.3%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}\right)} \]
    2. diff-log96.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(1 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi}\right) \]
  8. Applied egg-rr96.2%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}\right)} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-lft-identity96.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
    2. associate-/r*96.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
  10. Simplified96.2%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r*96.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. expm1-log1p-u95.1%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}\right)\right)} \]
    3. expm1-undefine95.1%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}\right)} - 1\right)} \]
    4. log1p-undefine95.1%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}\right)}} - 1\right) \]
    5. rem-exp-log96.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}\right)} - 1\right) \]
    6. associate-/r*96.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)}}{\pi}\right) - 1\right) \]
  12. Applied egg-rr96.2%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)}{\pi}\right) - 1\right)} \]
  13. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--l+96.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)}{\pi} - 1\right)\right)} \]
    2. associate-/l/96.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(1 + \left(\frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right)}}{\pi} - 1\right)\right) \]
  14. Simplified96.2%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right)}{\pi} - 1\right)\right)} \]
  15. Final simplification96.2%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(1 + \left(-1 + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right)}{\pi}\right)\right) \]
  16. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 95.9% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* -4.0 (/ (log (/ 4.0 (* f PI))) PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (log((4.0 / (f * ((double) M_PI)))) / ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (Math.log((4.0 / (f * Math.PI))) / Math.PI);
}
def code(f):
	return -4.0 * (math.log((4.0 / (f * math.pi))) / math.pi)
function code(f)
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log(Float64(4.0 / Float64(f * pi))) / pi))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = -4.0 * (log((4.0 / (f * pi))) / pi);
end
code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[N[(4.0 / N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 7.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-neg96.3%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. unsub-neg96.3%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}}{\pi} \]
  6. Simplified96.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-un-lft-identity96.3%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}\right)} \]
    2. diff-log96.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(1 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi}\right) \]
  8. Applied egg-rr96.2%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}\right)} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-lft-identity96.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
    2. associate-/r*96.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
  10. Simplified96.2%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  11. Final simplification96.2%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\pi} \]
  12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 95.9% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* -4.0 (/ (log (/ (/ 4.0 PI) f)) PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (log(((4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) / f)) / ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (Math.log(((4.0 / Math.PI) / f)) / Math.PI);
}
def code(f):
	return -4.0 * (math.log(((4.0 / math.pi) / f)) / math.pi)
function code(f)
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log(Float64(Float64(4.0 / pi) / f)) / pi))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = -4.0 * (log(((4.0 / pi) / f)) / pi);
end
code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[N[(N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 7.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-neg96.3%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. unsub-neg96.3%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}}{\pi} \]
  6. Simplified96.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. diff-log96.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr96.2%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
  9. Final simplification96.2%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024078 
(FPCore (f)
  :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)"
  :precision binary64
  (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))) (- (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))))))))