
(FPCore (v) :precision binary64 (acos (/ (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v))) (- (* v v) 1.0))))
double code(double v) {
return acos(((1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / ((v * v) - 1.0)));
}
real(8) function code(v)
real(8), intent (in) :: v
code = acos(((1.0d0 - (5.0d0 * (v * v))) / ((v * v) - 1.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double v) {
return Math.acos(((1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / ((v * v) - 1.0)));
}
def code(v): return math.acos(((1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / ((v * v) - 1.0)))
function code(v) return acos(Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(Float64(v * v) - 1.0))) end
function tmp = code(v) tmp = acos(((1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / ((v * v) - 1.0))); end
code[v_] := N[ArcCos[N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\cos^{-1} \left(\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{v \cdot v - 1}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 4 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (v) :precision binary64 (acos (/ (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v))) (- (* v v) 1.0))))
double code(double v) {
return acos(((1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / ((v * v) - 1.0)));
}
real(8) function code(v)
real(8), intent (in) :: v
code = acos(((1.0d0 - (5.0d0 * (v * v))) / ((v * v) - 1.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double v) {
return Math.acos(((1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / ((v * v) - 1.0)));
}
def code(v): return math.acos(((1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / ((v * v) - 1.0)))
function code(v) return acos(Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(Float64(v * v) - 1.0))) end
function tmp = code(v) tmp = acos(((1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / ((v * v) - 1.0))); end
code[v_] := N[ArcCos[N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\cos^{-1} \left(\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{v \cdot v - 1}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (v) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (acos (/ (+ 1.0 (* (pow v 2.0) -5.0)) (fma v v -1.0))))) (expm1 (log1p (* (sqrt t_0) (cbrt (pow t_0 1.5)))))))
double code(double v) {
double t_0 = acos(((1.0 + (pow(v, 2.0) * -5.0)) / fma(v, v, -1.0)));
return expm1(log1p((sqrt(t_0) * cbrt(pow(t_0, 1.5)))));
}
function code(v) t_0 = acos(Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64((v ^ 2.0) * -5.0)) / fma(v, v, -1.0))) return expm1(log1p(Float64(sqrt(t_0) * cbrt((t_0 ^ 1.5))))) end
code[v_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[ArcCos[N[(N[(1.0 + N[(N[Power[v, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * -5.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(v * v + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(Exp[N[Log[1 + N[(N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Power[t$95$0, 1.5], $MachinePrecision], 1/3], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \cos^{-1} \left(\frac{1 + {v}^{2} \cdot -5}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}\right)\\
\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\sqrt{t\_0} \cdot \sqrt[3]{{t\_0}^{1.5}}\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
expm1-log1p-u98.9%
pow298.9%
fma-neg98.9%
metadata-eval98.9%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
rem-cbrt-cube98.9%
pow1/398.9%
add-sqr-sqrt98.9%
unpow-prod-down96.6%
sqrt-pow196.6%
sub-neg96.6%
*-commutative96.6%
distribute-rgt-neg-in96.6%
metadata-eval96.6%
metadata-eval96.6%
Applied egg-rr96.6%
unpow1/398.9%
unpow1/396.6%
Simplified96.6%
Taylor expanded in v around 0 98.9%
metadata-eval98.9%
cancel-sign-sub-inv98.9%
cancel-sign-sub-inv98.9%
metadata-eval98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
unpow298.9%
fma-neg98.9%
metadata-eval98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
(FPCore (v) :precision binary64 (expm1 (log1p (acos (/ (- 1.0 (* (pow v 2.0) 5.0)) (fma v v -1.0))))))
double code(double v) {
return expm1(log1p(acos(((1.0 - (pow(v, 2.0) * 5.0)) / fma(v, v, -1.0)))));
}
function code(v) return expm1(log1p(acos(Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64((v ^ 2.0) * 5.0)) / fma(v, v, -1.0))))) end
code[v_] := N[(Exp[N[Log[1 + N[ArcCos[N[(N[(1.0 - N[(N[Power[v, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * 5.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(v * v + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\cos^{-1} \left(\frac{1 - {v}^{2} \cdot 5}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
expm1-log1p-u98.9%
pow298.9%
fma-neg98.9%
metadata-eval98.9%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
(FPCore (v) :precision binary64 (acos (/ (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v))) (+ -1.0 (* v v)))))
double code(double v) {
return acos(((1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (-1.0 + (v * v))));
}
real(8) function code(v)
real(8), intent (in) :: v
code = acos(((1.0d0 - (5.0d0 * (v * v))) / ((-1.0d0) + (v * v))))
end function
public static double code(double v) {
return Math.acos(((1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (-1.0 + (v * v))));
}
def code(v): return math.acos(((1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (-1.0 + (v * v))))
function code(v) return acos(Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(-1.0 + Float64(v * v)))) end
function tmp = code(v) tmp = acos(((1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (-1.0 + (v * v)))); end
code[v_] := N[ArcCos[N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(-1.0 + N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\cos^{-1} \left(\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{-1 + v \cdot v}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
(FPCore (v) :precision binary64 (acos -1.0))
double code(double v) {
return acos(-1.0);
}
real(8) function code(v)
real(8), intent (in) :: v
code = acos((-1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double v) {
return Math.acos(-1.0);
}
def code(v): return math.acos(-1.0)
function code(v) return acos(-1.0) end
function tmp = code(v) tmp = acos(-1.0); end
code[v_] := N[ArcCos[-1.0], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\cos^{-1} -1
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Taylor expanded in v around 0 97.5%
Final simplification97.5%
herbie shell --seed 2024078
(FPCore (v)
:name "Falkner and Boettcher, Appendix B, 1"
:precision binary64
(acos (/ (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v))) (- (* v v) 1.0))))