
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b): return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b): return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ (* (/ (* PI 0.5) (+ a b)) (+ (/ 1.0 a) (/ -1.0 b))) (- b a)))
double code(double a, double b) {
return (((((double) M_PI) * 0.5) / (a + b)) * ((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b))) / (b - a);
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return (((Math.PI * 0.5) / (a + b)) * ((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b))) / (b - a);
}
def code(a, b): return (((math.pi * 0.5) / (a + b)) * ((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b))) / (b - a)
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * 0.5) / Float64(a + b)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) / Float64(b - a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = (((pi * 0.5) / (a + b)) * ((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b))) / (b - a); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{a + b} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)}{b - a}
\end{array}
Initial program 78.2%
un-div-inv78.2%
difference-of-squares85.7%
associate-/r*86.5%
div-inv86.5%
metadata-eval86.5%
Applied egg-rr86.5%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (* PI (/ 0.5 (+ a b))) (/ (+ (/ 1.0 a) (/ -1.0 b)) (- b a))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return (((double) M_PI) * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return (Math.PI * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a));
}
def code(a, b): return (math.pi * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(pi * Float64(0.5 / Float64(a + b))) * Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) + Float64(-1.0 / b)) / Float64(b - a))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = (pi * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(Pi * N[(0.5 / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}
\end{array}
Initial program 78.2%
un-div-inv78.2%
difference-of-squares85.7%
associate-/r*86.5%
div-inv86.5%
metadata-eval86.5%
Applied egg-rr86.5%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (if (<= a -4.9e-148) (* PI (/ (/ -0.5 (+ a b)) (* b (- b a)))) (* (* 0.5 (/ PI b)) (/ (/ 1.0 a) b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (a <= -4.9e-148) {
tmp = ((double) M_PI) * ((-0.5 / (a + b)) / (b * (b - a)));
} else {
tmp = (0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (a <= -4.9e-148) {
tmp = Math.PI * ((-0.5 / (a + b)) / (b * (b - a)));
} else {
tmp = (0.5 * (Math.PI / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b): tmp = 0 if a <= -4.9e-148: tmp = math.pi * ((-0.5 / (a + b)) / (b * (b - a))) else: tmp = (0.5 * (math.pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b) return tmp
function code(a, b) tmp = 0.0 if (a <= -4.9e-148) tmp = Float64(pi * Float64(Float64(-0.5 / Float64(a + b)) / Float64(b * Float64(b - a)))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / b)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) / b)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b) tmp = 0.0; if (a <= -4.9e-148) tmp = pi * ((-0.5 / (a + b)) / (b * (b - a))); else tmp = (0.5 * (pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -4.9e-148], N[(Pi * N[(N[(-0.5 / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -4.9 \cdot 10^{-148}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{-0.5}{a + b}}{b \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if a < -4.9e-148Initial program 79.4%
un-div-inv79.4%
difference-of-squares84.2%
associate-/r*85.7%
div-inv85.7%
metadata-eval85.7%
Applied egg-rr85.7%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
associate-/l*99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
sub-neg99.5%
distribute-neg-frac99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 82.5%
associate-*r/82.5%
Applied egg-rr82.5%
associate-/l*82.5%
associate-/r*82.5%
associate-*r/82.5%
*-commutative82.5%
times-frac82.6%
associate-*l*82.6%
metadata-eval82.6%
associate-*r/82.5%
associate-/r*82.5%
*-commutative82.5%
Simplified82.5%
if -4.9e-148 < a Initial program 77.5%
un-div-inv77.4%
difference-of-squares86.6%
associate-/r*87.1%
div-inv87.1%
metadata-eval87.1%
Applied egg-rr87.1%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 71.4%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 71.4%
associate-/r*71.4%
Simplified71.4%
Final simplification75.9%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (if (<= a -8.2e+109) (* (/ (/ PI a) b) (/ 0.5 (- b a))) (* (* 0.5 (/ PI b)) (/ (/ 1.0 a) b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (a <= -8.2e+109) {
tmp = ((((double) M_PI) / a) / b) * (0.5 / (b - a));
} else {
tmp = (0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (a <= -8.2e+109) {
tmp = ((Math.PI / a) / b) * (0.5 / (b - a));
} else {
tmp = (0.5 * (Math.PI / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b): tmp = 0 if a <= -8.2e+109: tmp = ((math.pi / a) / b) * (0.5 / (b - a)) else: tmp = (0.5 * (math.pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b) return tmp
function code(a, b) tmp = 0.0 if (a <= -8.2e+109) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / a) / b) * Float64(0.5 / Float64(b - a))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / b)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) / b)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b) tmp = 0.0; if (a <= -8.2e+109) tmp = ((pi / a) / b) * (0.5 / (b - a)); else tmp = (0.5 * (pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -8.2e+109], N[(N[(N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -8.2 \cdot 10^{+109}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if a < -8.19999999999999939e109Initial program 51.3%
associate-*l*51.3%
Simplified51.3%
*-commutative51.3%
div-inv51.3%
sub-neg51.3%
neg-mul-151.3%
div-inv51.3%
difference-of-squares63.5%
associate-/r*99.8%
add-sqr-sqrt55.8%
sqrt-unprod64.2%
frac-times64.1%
metadata-eval64.1%
metadata-eval64.1%
frac-times64.2%
sqrt-unprod25.3%
add-sqr-sqrt58.1%
Applied egg-rr58.1%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 58.1%
add-cube-cbrt58.1%
pow358.1%
associate-/l/58.1%
cbrt-div58.1%
metadata-eval58.1%
Applied egg-rr58.1%
cube-div58.1%
metadata-eval58.1%
rem-cube-cbrt58.1%
*-commutative58.1%
*-commutative58.1%
Simplified58.1%
pow158.1%
div-inv58.1%
metadata-eval58.1%
un-div-inv58.1%
times-frac58.1%
*-commutative58.1%
Applied egg-rr58.1%
unpow158.1%
associate-/r*58.1%
Simplified58.1%
if -8.19999999999999939e109 < a Initial program 83.4%
un-div-inv83.4%
difference-of-squares89.9%
associate-/r*90.3%
div-inv90.3%
metadata-eval90.3%
Applied egg-rr90.3%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
associate-/l*99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
sub-neg99.5%
distribute-neg-frac99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 66.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 66.5%
associate-/r*66.6%
Simplified66.6%
Final simplification65.2%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (if (<= a -7e-148) (/ (* -0.5 (/ PI (* a b))) (- b a)) (* (* 0.5 (/ PI b)) (/ (/ 1.0 a) b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (a <= -7e-148) {
tmp = (-0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / (a * b))) / (b - a);
} else {
tmp = (0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (a <= -7e-148) {
tmp = (-0.5 * (Math.PI / (a * b))) / (b - a);
} else {
tmp = (0.5 * (Math.PI / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b): tmp = 0 if a <= -7e-148: tmp = (-0.5 * (math.pi / (a * b))) / (b - a) else: tmp = (0.5 * (math.pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b) return tmp
function code(a, b) tmp = 0.0 if (a <= -7e-148) tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(pi / Float64(a * b))) / Float64(b - a)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / b)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) / b)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b) tmp = 0.0; if (a <= -7e-148) tmp = (-0.5 * (pi / (a * b))) / (b - a); else tmp = (0.5 * (pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -7e-148], N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(Pi / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-148}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if a < -7.0000000000000001e-148Initial program 79.4%
un-div-inv79.4%
difference-of-squares84.2%
associate-/r*85.7%
div-inv85.7%
metadata-eval85.7%
Applied egg-rr85.7%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
associate-/l*99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
sub-neg99.5%
distribute-neg-frac99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Simplified99.5%
associate-*r/99.5%
associate-*r/99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 82.3%
if -7.0000000000000001e-148 < a Initial program 77.5%
un-div-inv77.4%
difference-of-squares86.6%
associate-/r*87.1%
div-inv87.1%
metadata-eval87.1%
Applied egg-rr87.1%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 71.4%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 71.4%
associate-/r*71.4%
Simplified71.4%
Final simplification75.8%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (* PI (/ 0.5 (+ a b))) (/ 1.0 (* a b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return (((double) M_PI) * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (1.0 / (a * b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return (Math.PI * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (1.0 / (a * b));
}
def code(a, b): return (math.pi * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (1.0 / (a * b))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(pi * Float64(0.5 / Float64(a + b))) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(a * b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = (pi * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (1.0 / (a * b)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(Pi * N[(0.5 / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}
\end{array}
Initial program 78.2%
un-div-inv78.2%
difference-of-squares85.7%
associate-/r*86.5%
div-inv86.5%
metadata-eval86.5%
Applied egg-rr86.5%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (* 0.5 (/ PI b)) (/ (/ 1.0 a) b)))
double code(double a, double b) {
return (0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return (0.5 * (Math.PI / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
}
def code(a, b): return (0.5 * (math.pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b)
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / b)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = (0.5 * (pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 78.2%
un-div-inv78.2%
difference-of-squares85.7%
associate-/r*86.5%
div-inv86.5%
metadata-eval86.5%
Applied egg-rr86.5%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 61.9%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 61.9%
associate-/r*61.9%
Simplified61.9%
Final simplification61.9%
herbie shell --seed 2024077
(FPCore (a b)
:name "NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B"
:precision binary64
(* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))