NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B

Percentage Accurate: 78.9% → 99.6%
Time: 14.3s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 1.6×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 78.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.6% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{a + b} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (* (/ (* PI 0.5) (+ a b)) (+ (/ 1.0 a) (/ -1.0 b))) (- b a)))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return (((((double) M_PI) * 0.5) / (a + b)) * ((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b))) / (b - a);
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (((Math.PI * 0.5) / (a + b)) * ((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b))) / (b - a);
}
def code(a, b):
	return (((math.pi * 0.5) / (a + b)) * ((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b))) / (b - a)
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * 0.5) / Float64(a + b)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) / Float64(b - a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = (((pi * 0.5) / (a + b)) * ((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b))) / (b - a);
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{a + b} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)}{b - a}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 78.2%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. un-div-inv78.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. difference-of-squares85.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    3. associate-/r*86.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. div-inv86.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. metadata-eval86.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  4. Applied egg-rr86.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    2. associate-/l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    2. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    3. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
    4. distribute-neg-frac99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
    5. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
  8. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    2. associate-*r/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{a + b}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
  10. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{a + b} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
  11. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{a + b} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
  12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.6% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* PI (/ 0.5 (+ a b))) (/ (+ (/ 1.0 a) (/ -1.0 b)) (- b a))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return (((double) M_PI) * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (Math.PI * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a));
}
def code(a, b):
	return (math.pi * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(pi * Float64(0.5 / Float64(a + b))) * Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) + Float64(-1.0 / b)) / Float64(b - a)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = (pi * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(Pi * N[(0.5 / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 78.2%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. un-div-inv78.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. difference-of-squares85.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    3. associate-/r*86.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. div-inv86.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. metadata-eval86.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  4. Applied egg-rr86.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    2. associate-/l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    2. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    3. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
    4. distribute-neg-frac99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
    5. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
  8. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
  9. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 75.3% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -4.9 \cdot 10^{-148}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{-0.5}{a + b}}{b \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= a -4.9e-148)
   (* PI (/ (/ -0.5 (+ a b)) (* b (- b a))))
   (* (* 0.5 (/ PI b)) (/ (/ 1.0 a) b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -4.9e-148) {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * ((-0.5 / (a + b)) / (b * (b - a)));
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -4.9e-148) {
		tmp = Math.PI * ((-0.5 / (a + b)) / (b * (b - a)));
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 * (Math.PI / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -4.9e-148:
		tmp = math.pi * ((-0.5 / (a + b)) / (b * (b - a)))
	else:
		tmp = (0.5 * (math.pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b)
	return tmp
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -4.9e-148)
		tmp = Float64(pi * Float64(Float64(-0.5 / Float64(a + b)) / Float64(b * Float64(b - a))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / b)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) / b));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -4.9e-148)
		tmp = pi * ((-0.5 / (a + b)) / (b * (b - a)));
	else
		tmp = (0.5 * (pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -4.9e-148], N[(Pi * N[(N[(-0.5 / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -4.9 \cdot 10^{-148}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{-0.5}{a + b}}{b \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -4.9e-148

    1. Initial program 79.4%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. un-div-inv79.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. difference-of-squares84.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-/r*85.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      4. div-inv85.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      5. metadata-eval85.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. Applied egg-rr85.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
      2. associate-/l*99.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
      2. +-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
      3. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
      5. metadata-eval99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
    8. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in a around inf 82.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/82.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    11. Applied egg-rr82.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*82.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
      2. associate-/r*82.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
      3. associate-*r/82.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{a + b}} \cdot \frac{-1}{b \cdot \left(b - a\right)} \]
      4. *-commutative82.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot b}} \]
      5. times-frac82.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot -1}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(\left(b - a\right) \cdot b\right)}} \]
      6. associate-*l*82.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot -1\right)}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(\left(b - a\right) \cdot b\right)} \]
      7. metadata-eval82.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{-0.5}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(\left(b - a\right) \cdot b\right)} \]
      8. associate-*r/82.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{-0.5}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(\left(b - a\right) \cdot b\right)}} \]
      9. associate-/r*82.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-0.5}{a + b}}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot b}} \]
      10. *-commutative82.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \frac{\frac{-0.5}{a + b}}{\color{blue}{b \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
    13. Simplified82.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{-0.5}{a + b}}{b \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]

    if -4.9e-148 < a

    1. Initial program 77.5%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. un-div-inv77.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. difference-of-squares86.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-/r*87.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      4. div-inv87.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      5. metadata-eval87.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. Applied egg-rr87.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
      2. associate-/l*99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
      2. +-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
      3. sub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac99.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
      5. metadata-eval99.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
    8. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in a around 0 71.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right)} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    10. Taylor expanded in a around 0 71.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r*71.4%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}} \]
    12. Simplified71.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification75.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -4.9 \cdot 10^{-148}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{-0.5}{a + b}}{b \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 67.2% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -8.2 \cdot 10^{+109}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= a -8.2e+109)
   (* (/ (/ PI a) b) (/ 0.5 (- b a)))
   (* (* 0.5 (/ PI b)) (/ (/ 1.0 a) b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -8.2e+109) {
		tmp = ((((double) M_PI) / a) / b) * (0.5 / (b - a));
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -8.2e+109) {
		tmp = ((Math.PI / a) / b) * (0.5 / (b - a));
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 * (Math.PI / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -8.2e+109:
		tmp = ((math.pi / a) / b) * (0.5 / (b - a))
	else:
		tmp = (0.5 * (math.pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b)
	return tmp
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -8.2e+109)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / a) / b) * Float64(0.5 / Float64(b - a)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / b)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) / b));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -8.2e+109)
		tmp = ((pi / a) / b) * (0.5 / (b - a));
	else
		tmp = (0.5 * (pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -8.2e+109], N[(N[(N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -8.2 \cdot 10^{+109}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -8.19999999999999939e109

    1. Initial program 51.3%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l*51.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
    3. Simplified51.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative51.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right)} \]
      2. div-inv51.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      3. sub-neg51.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      4. neg-mul-151.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      5. div-inv51.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \]
      6. difference-of-squares63.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
      7. associate-/r*99.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \]
      8. add-sqr-sqrt55.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{b}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{b}}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \]
      9. sqrt-unprod64.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{b} \cdot \frac{-1}{b}}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \]
      10. frac-times64.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot -1}{b \cdot b}}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \]
      11. metadata-eval64.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{b \cdot b}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \]
      12. metadata-eval64.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot 1}}{b \cdot b}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \]
      13. frac-times64.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{b} \cdot \frac{1}{b}}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \]
      14. sqrt-unprod25.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{b}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{b}}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \]
      15. add-sqr-sqrt58.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr58.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in a around 0 58.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}}}{b - a} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-cube-cbrt58.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}}\right)} \]
      2. pow358.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}}\right)}^{3}} \]
      3. associate-/l/58.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}}}\right)}^{3} \]
      4. cbrt-div58.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt[3]{1}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}}\right)}}^{3} \]
      5. metadata-eval58.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}}\right)}^{3} \]
    9. Applied egg-rr58.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}}\right)}^{3}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. cube-div58.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{1}^{3}}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}\right)}^{3}}} \]
      2. metadata-eval58.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}\right)}^{3}} \]
      3. rem-cube-cbrt58.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(b - a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \]
      4. *-commutative58.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
      5. *-commutative58.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot a\right)} \cdot \left(b - a\right)} \]
    11. Simplified58.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. pow158.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\right)}^{1}} \]
      2. div-inv58.1%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\right)}^{1} \]
      3. metadata-eval58.1%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\right)}^{1} \]
      4. un-div-inv58.1%

        \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\right)}}^{1} \]
      5. times-frac58.1%

        \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}\right)}}^{1} \]
      6. *-commutative58.1%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{a \cdot b}} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}\right)}^{1} \]
    13. Applied egg-rr58.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}\right)}^{1}} \]
    14. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow158.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}} \]
      2. associate-/r*58.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b}} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a} \]
    15. Simplified58.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}} \]

    if -8.19999999999999939e109 < a

    1. Initial program 83.4%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. un-div-inv83.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. difference-of-squares89.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-/r*90.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      4. div-inv90.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      5. metadata-eval90.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. Applied egg-rr90.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
      2. associate-/l*99.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
      2. +-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
      3. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
      5. metadata-eval99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
    8. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in a around 0 66.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right)} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    10. Taylor expanded in a around 0 66.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r*66.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}} \]
    12. Simplified66.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification65.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -8.2 \cdot 10^{+109}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 75.1% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-148}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= a -7e-148)
   (/ (* -0.5 (/ PI (* a b))) (- b a))
   (* (* 0.5 (/ PI b)) (/ (/ 1.0 a) b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -7e-148) {
		tmp = (-0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / (a * b))) / (b - a);
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -7e-148) {
		tmp = (-0.5 * (Math.PI / (a * b))) / (b - a);
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 * (Math.PI / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -7e-148:
		tmp = (-0.5 * (math.pi / (a * b))) / (b - a)
	else:
		tmp = (0.5 * (math.pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b)
	return tmp
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -7e-148)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(pi / Float64(a * b))) / Float64(b - a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / b)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) / b));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -7e-148)
		tmp = (-0.5 * (pi / (a * b))) / (b - a);
	else
		tmp = (0.5 * (pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -7e-148], N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(Pi / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-148}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -7.0000000000000001e-148

    1. Initial program 79.4%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. un-div-inv79.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. difference-of-squares84.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-/r*85.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      4. div-inv85.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      5. metadata-eval85.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. Applied egg-rr85.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
      2. associate-/l*99.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
      2. +-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
      3. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
      5. metadata-eval99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
    8. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
      2. associate-*r/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{a + b}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
    10. Applied egg-rr99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{a + b} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    11. Taylor expanded in a around inf 82.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}}{b - a} \]

    if -7.0000000000000001e-148 < a

    1. Initial program 77.5%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. un-div-inv77.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. difference-of-squares86.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-/r*87.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      4. div-inv87.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      5. metadata-eval87.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. Applied egg-rr87.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
      2. associate-/l*99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
      2. +-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
      3. sub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac99.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
      5. metadata-eval99.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
    8. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in a around 0 71.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right)} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    10. Taylor expanded in a around 0 71.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r*71.4%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}} \]
    12. Simplified71.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification75.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-148}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}{b - a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 99.6% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (* PI (/ 0.5 (+ a b))) (/ 1.0 (* a b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return (((double) M_PI) * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (1.0 / (a * b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (Math.PI * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (1.0 / (a * b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return (math.pi * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (1.0 / (a * b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(pi * Float64(0.5 / Float64(a + b))) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(a * b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = (pi * (0.5 / (a + b))) * (1.0 / (a * b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(Pi * N[(0.5 / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 78.2%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. un-div-inv78.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. difference-of-squares85.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    3. associate-/r*86.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. div-inv86.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. metadata-eval86.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  4. Applied egg-rr86.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    2. associate-/l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    2. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    3. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
    4. distribute-neg-frac99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
    5. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
  8. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%

    \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
  10. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b} \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 63.6% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (* 0.5 (/ PI b)) (/ (/ 1.0 a) b)))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return (0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (0.5 * (Math.PI / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
}
def code(a, b):
	return (0.5 * (math.pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b)
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / b)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) / b))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = (0.5 * (pi / b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 78.2%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. un-div-inv78.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. difference-of-squares85.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    3. associate-/r*86.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. div-inv86.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. metadata-eval86.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  4. Applied egg-rr86.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
    2. associate-/l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b - a}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    2. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    3. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
    4. distribute-neg-frac99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
    5. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
  8. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in a around 0 61.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right)} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a} \]
  10. Taylor expanded in a around 0 61.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r*61.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}} \]
  12. Simplified61.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}} \]
  13. Final simplification61.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b} \]
  14. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024077 
(FPCore (a b)
  :name "NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B"
  :precision binary64
  (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))