
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (* 6.0 (- x 1.0)) (+ (+ x 1.0) (* 4.0 (sqrt x)))))
double code(double x) {
return (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (6.0d0 * (x - 1.0d0)) / ((x + 1.0d0) + (4.0d0 * sqrt(x)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * Math.sqrt(x)));
}
def code(x): return (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * math.sqrt(x)))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(6.0 * Float64(x - 1.0)) / Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) + Float64(4.0 * sqrt(x)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(6.0 * N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (* 6.0 (- x 1.0)) (+ (+ x 1.0) (* 4.0 (sqrt x)))))
double code(double x) {
return (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (6.0d0 * (x - 1.0d0)) / ((x + 1.0d0) + (4.0d0 * sqrt(x)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * Math.sqrt(x)));
}
def code(x): return (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * math.sqrt(x)))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(6.0 * Float64(x - 1.0)) / Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) + Float64(4.0 * sqrt(x)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(6.0 * N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* (/ (+ x -1.0) (fma 4.0 (sqrt x) (+ x 1.0))) 6.0))
double code(double x) {
return ((x + -1.0) / fma(4.0, sqrt(x), (x + 1.0))) * 6.0;
}
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(Float64(x + -1.0) / fma(4.0, sqrt(x), Float64(x + 1.0))) * 6.0) end
code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(4.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 6.0), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x + -1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot 6
\end{array}
Initial program 99.4%
associate-/l*99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
sub-neg99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
fma-define99.9%
Applied egg-rr99.9%
Final simplification99.9%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.0) (/ -6.0 (+ 1.0 (* 4.0 (sqrt x)))) (* 6.0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (/ 4.0 (sqrt x)))))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.0) {
tmp = -6.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 * sqrt(x)));
} else {
tmp = 6.0 * (1.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 / sqrt(x))));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 1.0d0) then
tmp = (-6.0d0) / (1.0d0 + (4.0d0 * sqrt(x)))
else
tmp = 6.0d0 * (1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + (4.0d0 / sqrt(x))))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.0) {
tmp = -6.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 * Math.sqrt(x)));
} else {
tmp = 6.0 * (1.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 / Math.sqrt(x))));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= 1.0: tmp = -6.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 * math.sqrt(x))) else: tmp = 6.0 * (1.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 / math.sqrt(x)))) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 1.0) tmp = Float64(-6.0 / Float64(1.0 + Float64(4.0 * sqrt(x)))); else tmp = Float64(6.0 * Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + Float64(4.0 / sqrt(x))))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 1.0) tmp = -6.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 * sqrt(x))); else tmp = 6.0 * (1.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 / sqrt(x)))); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.0], N[(-6.0 / N[(1.0 + N[(4.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(6.0 * N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[(4.0 / N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-6}{1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;6 \cdot \frac{1}{1 + \frac{4}{\sqrt{x}}}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < 1Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.5%
if 1 < x Initial program 99.0%
associate-/l*99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
sub-neg99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
fma-define99.9%
Applied egg-rr99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 96.3%
add-exp-log96.3%
log-rec96.3%
sqrt-div96.3%
metadata-eval96.3%
div-inv96.3%
log1p-define96.3%
Applied egg-rr96.3%
exp-neg96.3%
log1p-undefine96.3%
rem-exp-log96.3%
Simplified96.3%
Final simplification97.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.0) (/ -6.0 (+ (+ x 1.0) (* 4.0 (sqrt x)))) (* 6.0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (/ 4.0 (sqrt x)))))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.0) {
tmp = -6.0 / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x)));
} else {
tmp = 6.0 * (1.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 / sqrt(x))));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 1.0d0) then
tmp = (-6.0d0) / ((x + 1.0d0) + (4.0d0 * sqrt(x)))
else
tmp = 6.0d0 * (1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + (4.0d0 / sqrt(x))))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.0) {
tmp = -6.0 / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * Math.sqrt(x)));
} else {
tmp = 6.0 * (1.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 / Math.sqrt(x))));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= 1.0: tmp = -6.0 / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * math.sqrt(x))) else: tmp = 6.0 * (1.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 / math.sqrt(x)))) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 1.0) tmp = Float64(-6.0 / Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) + Float64(4.0 * sqrt(x)))); else tmp = Float64(6.0 * Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + Float64(4.0 / sqrt(x))))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 1.0) tmp = -6.0 / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x))); else tmp = 6.0 * (1.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 / sqrt(x)))); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.0], N[(-6.0 / N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(6.0 * N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[(4.0 / N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-6}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;6 \cdot \frac{1}{1 + \frac{4}{\sqrt{x}}}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < 1Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.6%
if 1 < x Initial program 99.0%
associate-/l*99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
sub-neg99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
fma-define99.9%
Applied egg-rr99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 96.3%
add-exp-log96.3%
log-rec96.3%
sqrt-div96.3%
metadata-eval96.3%
div-inv96.3%
log1p-define96.3%
Applied egg-rr96.3%
exp-neg96.3%
log1p-undefine96.3%
rem-exp-log96.3%
Simplified96.3%
Final simplification97.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (* 6.0 (+ x -1.0)) (+ (+ x 1.0) (* 4.0 (sqrt x)))))
double code(double x) {
return (6.0 * (x + -1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (6.0d0 * (x + (-1.0d0))) / ((x + 1.0d0) + (4.0d0 * sqrt(x)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (6.0 * (x + -1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * Math.sqrt(x)));
}
def code(x): return (6.0 * (x + -1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * math.sqrt(x)))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(6.0 * Float64(x + -1.0)) / Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) + Float64(4.0 * sqrt(x)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (6.0 * (x + -1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(6.0 * N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{6 \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.4%
Final simplification99.4%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.0) (/ -6.0 (+ 1.0 (* 4.0 (sqrt x)))) (sqrt (* x 2.25))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.0) {
tmp = -6.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 * sqrt(x)));
} else {
tmp = sqrt((x * 2.25));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 1.0d0) then
tmp = (-6.0d0) / (1.0d0 + (4.0d0 * sqrt(x)))
else
tmp = sqrt((x * 2.25d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.0) {
tmp = -6.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 * Math.sqrt(x)));
} else {
tmp = Math.sqrt((x * 2.25));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= 1.0: tmp = -6.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 * math.sqrt(x))) else: tmp = math.sqrt((x * 2.25)) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 1.0) tmp = Float64(-6.0 / Float64(1.0 + Float64(4.0 * sqrt(x)))); else tmp = sqrt(Float64(x * 2.25)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 1.0) tmp = -6.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 * sqrt(x))); else tmp = sqrt((x * 2.25)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.0], N[(-6.0 / N[(1.0 + N[(4.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[N[(x * 2.25), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-6}{1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{x \cdot 2.25}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < 1Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.5%
if 1 < x Initial program 99.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 96.2%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 7.1%
*-commutative7.1%
Simplified7.1%
add-sqr-sqrt7.1%
sqrt-unprod7.1%
swap-sqr7.1%
add-sqr-sqrt7.1%
metadata-eval7.1%
Applied egg-rr7.1%
Final simplification48.9%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.0) (/ -6.0 (+ 1.0 (* 4.0 (sqrt x)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 0.16666666666666666 (/ 0.6666666666666666 (sqrt x))))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.0) {
tmp = -6.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 * sqrt(x)));
} else {
tmp = 1.0 / (0.16666666666666666 + (0.6666666666666666 / sqrt(x)));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 1.0d0) then
tmp = (-6.0d0) / (1.0d0 + (4.0d0 * sqrt(x)))
else
tmp = 1.0d0 / (0.16666666666666666d0 + (0.6666666666666666d0 / sqrt(x)))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.0) {
tmp = -6.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 * Math.sqrt(x)));
} else {
tmp = 1.0 / (0.16666666666666666 + (0.6666666666666666 / Math.sqrt(x)));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= 1.0: tmp = -6.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 * math.sqrt(x))) else: tmp = 1.0 / (0.16666666666666666 + (0.6666666666666666 / math.sqrt(x))) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 1.0) tmp = Float64(-6.0 / Float64(1.0 + Float64(4.0 * sqrt(x)))); else tmp = Float64(1.0 / Float64(0.16666666666666666 + Float64(0.6666666666666666 / sqrt(x)))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 1.0) tmp = -6.0 / (1.0 + (4.0 * sqrt(x))); else tmp = 1.0 / (0.16666666666666666 + (0.6666666666666666 / sqrt(x))); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.0], N[(-6.0 / N[(1.0 + N[(4.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / N[(0.16666666666666666 + N[(0.6666666666666666 / N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-6}{1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1}{0.16666666666666666 + \frac{0.6666666666666666}{\sqrt{x}}}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < 1Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.5%
if 1 < x Initial program 99.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 96.2%
add-exp-log96.2%
log-div96.3%
log1p-define96.3%
sqrt-div96.3%
metadata-eval96.3%
un-div-inv96.3%
Applied egg-rr96.3%
exp-diff96.2%
rem-exp-log96.2%
log1p-undefine96.2%
rem-exp-log96.2%
Simplified96.2%
metadata-eval96.2%
+-commutative96.2%
div-inv96.2%
metadata-eval96.2%
sqrt-div96.2%
inv-pow96.2%
sqrt-pow196.2%
metadata-eval96.2%
fma-undefine96.2%
associate-/r*96.2%
*-commutative96.2%
inv-pow96.3%
pow-to-exp96.3%
Applied egg-rr96.3%
exp-prod94.9%
unpow-194.9%
exp-sum94.9%
rem-exp-log96.2%
log1p-undefine96.2%
rem-exp-log96.2%
+-commutative96.2%
distribute-rgt1-in96.3%
associate-*l/96.3%
metadata-eval96.3%
Simplified96.3%
Final simplification97.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.0) (* (sqrt (/ 1.0 x)) -1.5) (sqrt (* x 2.25))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.0) {
tmp = sqrt((1.0 / x)) * -1.5;
} else {
tmp = sqrt((x * 2.25));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 1.0d0) then
tmp = sqrt((1.0d0 / x)) * (-1.5d0)
else
tmp = sqrt((x * 2.25d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.0) {
tmp = Math.sqrt((1.0 / x)) * -1.5;
} else {
tmp = Math.sqrt((x * 2.25));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= 1.0: tmp = math.sqrt((1.0 / x)) * -1.5 else: tmp = math.sqrt((x * 2.25)) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 1.0) tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(1.0 / x)) * -1.5); else tmp = sqrt(Float64(x * 2.25)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 1.0) tmp = sqrt((1.0 / x)) * -1.5; else tmp = sqrt((x * 2.25)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.0], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * -1.5), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[N[(x * 2.25), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{1}{x}} \cdot -1.5\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{x \cdot 2.25}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < 1Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.5%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 6.9%
*-commutative6.9%
Simplified6.9%
if 1 < x Initial program 99.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 96.2%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 7.1%
*-commutative7.1%
Simplified7.1%
add-sqr-sqrt7.1%
sqrt-unprod7.1%
swap-sqr7.1%
add-sqr-sqrt7.1%
metadata-eval7.1%
Applied egg-rr7.1%
Final simplification7.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (sqrt (* x 2.25)))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((x * 2.25));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((x * 2.25d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((x * 2.25));
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((x * 2.25))
function code(x) return sqrt(Float64(x * 2.25)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((x * 2.25)); end
code[x_] := N[Sqrt[N[(x * 2.25), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{x \cdot 2.25}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 53.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 4.7%
*-commutative4.7%
Simplified4.7%
add-sqr-sqrt4.7%
sqrt-unprod4.7%
swap-sqr4.7%
add-sqr-sqrt4.7%
metadata-eval4.7%
Applied egg-rr4.7%
Final simplification4.7%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 6.0 (/ (+ (+ x 1.0) (* 4.0 (sqrt x))) (- x 1.0))))
double code(double x) {
return 6.0 / (((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x))) / (x - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 6.0d0 / (((x + 1.0d0) + (4.0d0 * sqrt(x))) / (x - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 6.0 / (((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * Math.sqrt(x))) / (x - 1.0));
}
def code(x): return 6.0 / (((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * math.sqrt(x))) / (x - 1.0))
function code(x) return Float64(6.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) + Float64(4.0 * sqrt(x))) / Float64(x - 1.0))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 6.0 / (((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x))) / (x - 1.0)); end
code[x_] := N[(6.0 / N[(N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{6}{\frac{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}}{x - 1}}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024077
(FPCore (x)
:name "Data.Approximate.Numerics:blog from approximate-0.2.2.1"
:precision binary64
:alt
(/ 6.0 (/ (+ (+ x 1.0) (* 4.0 (sqrt x))) (- x 1.0)))
(/ (* 6.0 (- x 1.0)) (+ (+ x 1.0) (* 4.0 (sqrt x)))))