VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)

Percentage Accurate: 6.9% → 99.1%
Time: 29.5s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 4.9×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 6.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.1% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  -4.0
  (/
   (log
    (+ (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* f (* 0.5 PI)))) (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* PI (* f -0.5))))))
   PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (log(((1.0 / expm1((f * (0.5 * ((double) M_PI))))) + (-1.0 / expm1((((double) M_PI) * (f * -0.5)))))) / ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (Math.log(((1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (0.5 * Math.PI)))) + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((Math.PI * (f * -0.5)))))) / Math.PI);
}
def code(f):
	return -4.0 * (math.log(((1.0 / math.expm1((f * (0.5 * math.pi)))) + (-1.0 / math.expm1((math.pi * (f * -0.5)))))) / math.pi)
function code(f)
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(0.5 * pi)))) + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(pi * Float64(f * -0.5)))))) / pi))
end
code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(0.5 * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(Pi * N[(f * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.1%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 3.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Simplified99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
    2. Final simplification99.3%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 96.6% accurate, 2.3× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 - f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f)
     :precision binary64
     (*
      (log
       (+
        (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* 0.5 (* f PI))))
        (/
         (+
          (* f (- 0.5 (* f (+ (* PI -0.125) (* PI 0.08333333333333333)))))
          (* 2.0 (/ 1.0 PI)))
         f)))
      (/ -4.0 PI)))
    double code(double f) {
    	return log(((1.0 / expm1((0.5 * (f * ((double) M_PI))))) + (((f * (0.5 - (f * ((((double) M_PI) * -0.125) + (((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333))))) + (2.0 * (1.0 / ((double) M_PI)))) / f))) * (-4.0 / ((double) M_PI));
    }
    
    public static double code(double f) {
    	return Math.log(((1.0 / Math.expm1((0.5 * (f * Math.PI)))) + (((f * (0.5 - (f * ((Math.PI * -0.125) + (Math.PI * 0.08333333333333333))))) + (2.0 * (1.0 / Math.PI))) / f))) * (-4.0 / Math.PI);
    }
    
    def code(f):
    	return math.log(((1.0 / math.expm1((0.5 * (f * math.pi)))) + (((f * (0.5 - (f * ((math.pi * -0.125) + (math.pi * 0.08333333333333333))))) + (2.0 * (1.0 / math.pi))) / f))) * (-4.0 / math.pi)
    
    function code(f)
    	return Float64(log(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(0.5 * Float64(f * pi)))) + Float64(Float64(Float64(f * Float64(0.5 - Float64(f * Float64(Float64(pi * -0.125) + Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333))))) + Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 / pi))) / f))) * Float64(-4.0 / pi))
    end
    
    code[f_] := N[(N[Log[N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(0.5 * N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(f * N[(0.5 - N[(f * N[(N[(Pi * -0.125), $MachinePrecision] + N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 - f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 5.1%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Simplified99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \color{blue}{\frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 + -1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    5. Final simplification98.2%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 - f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    6. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 96.6% accurate, 3.7× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}\\ \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 - f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right) + t\_0}{f} + \frac{t\_0 - f \cdot \left(0.5 + \pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right)\right)}{f}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (/ 1.0 PI))))
       (*
        (/ -4.0 PI)
        (log
         (+
          (/
           (+ (* f (- 0.5 (* f (+ (* PI -0.125) (* PI 0.08333333333333333))))) t_0)
           f)
          (/ (- t_0 (* f (+ 0.5 (* PI (* f -0.041666666666666664))))) f))))))
    double code(double f) {
    	double t_0 = 2.0 * (1.0 / ((double) M_PI));
    	return (-4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) * log(((((f * (0.5 - (f * ((((double) M_PI) * -0.125) + (((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333))))) + t_0) / f) + ((t_0 - (f * (0.5 + (((double) M_PI) * (f * -0.041666666666666664))))) / f)));
    }
    
    public static double code(double f) {
    	double t_0 = 2.0 * (1.0 / Math.PI);
    	return (-4.0 / Math.PI) * Math.log(((((f * (0.5 - (f * ((Math.PI * -0.125) + (Math.PI * 0.08333333333333333))))) + t_0) / f) + ((t_0 - (f * (0.5 + (Math.PI * (f * -0.041666666666666664))))) / f)));
    }
    
    def code(f):
    	t_0 = 2.0 * (1.0 / math.pi)
    	return (-4.0 / math.pi) * math.log(((((f * (0.5 - (f * ((math.pi * -0.125) + (math.pi * 0.08333333333333333))))) + t_0) / f) + ((t_0 - (f * (0.5 + (math.pi * (f * -0.041666666666666664))))) / f)))
    
    function code(f)
    	t_0 = Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 / pi))
    	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 / pi) * log(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(f * Float64(0.5 - Float64(f * Float64(Float64(pi * -0.125) + Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333))))) + t_0) / f) + Float64(Float64(t_0 - Float64(f * Float64(0.5 + Float64(pi * Float64(f * -0.041666666666666664))))) / f))))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(f)
    	t_0 = 2.0 * (1.0 / pi);
    	tmp = (-4.0 / pi) * log(((((f * (0.5 - (f * ((pi * -0.125) + (pi * 0.08333333333333333))))) + t_0) / f) + ((t_0 - (f * (0.5 + (pi * (f * -0.041666666666666664))))) / f)));
    end
    
    code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(-4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(N[(N[(f * N[(0.5 - N[(f * N[(N[(Pi * -0.125), $MachinePrecision] + N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(t$95$0 - N[(f * N[(0.5 + N[(Pi * N[(f * -0.041666666666666664), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}\\
    \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 - f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right) + t\_0}{f} + \frac{t\_0 - f \cdot \left(0.5 + \pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right)\right)}{f}\right)
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 5.1%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Simplified99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \color{blue}{\frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 + -1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in f around 0 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(\color{blue}{\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}} + \frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 + -1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-lft-in98.2%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi\right) + f \cdot \left(0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 + -1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
      2. *-commutative98.2%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot -0.125\right)} + f \cdot \left(0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 + -1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
      3. *-commutative98.2%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125\right) + f \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)}\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 + -1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr98.2%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125\right) + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)} - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 + -1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*98.2%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.125} + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 + -1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
      2. associate-*r*98.2%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.125 + \color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.08333333333333333}\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 + -1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
      3. distribute-lft-out98.2%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(-0.125 + 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)} - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 + -1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
      4. metadata-eval98.2%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-0.041666666666666664}\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 + -1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
      5. *-commutative98.2%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot f\right)} \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 + -1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
      6. associate-*l*98.2%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right)\right)} - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 + -1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    9. Simplified98.2%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right)\right)} - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 + -1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    10. Final simplification98.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{f \cdot \left(0.5 - f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f} + \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + \pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right)\right)}{f}\right) \]
    11. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 96.1% accurate, 4.8× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(-1 + \frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f)
     :precision binary64
     (/ (* -4.0 (log1p (+ -1.0 (/ (/ 4.0 PI) f)))) PI))
    double code(double f) {
    	return (-4.0 * log1p((-1.0 + ((4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) / f)))) / ((double) M_PI);
    }
    
    public static double code(double f) {
    	return (-4.0 * Math.log1p((-1.0 + ((4.0 / Math.PI) / f)))) / Math.PI;
    }
    
    def code(f):
    	return (-4.0 * math.log1p((-1.0 + ((4.0 / math.pi) / f)))) / math.pi
    
    function code(f)
    	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log1p(Float64(-1.0 + Float64(Float64(4.0 / pi) / f)))) / pi)
    end
    
    code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[1 + N[(-1.0 + N[(N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(-1 + \frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 5.1%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Simplified99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/98.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
      2. mul-1-neg98.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
      3. unsub-neg98.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}}{\pi} \]
    6. Simplified98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. log1p-expm1-u98.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
      2. expm1-undefine98.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
      3. diff-log98.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
      4. add-exp-log98.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
    8. Applied egg-rr98.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f} - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
    9. Final simplification98.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(-1 + \frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
    10. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 5: 1.6% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* 4.0 (/ (log (/ (/ 4.0 PI) f)) PI)))
    double code(double f) {
    	return 4.0 * (log(((4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) / f)) / ((double) M_PI));
    }
    
    public static double code(double f) {
    	return 4.0 * (Math.log(((4.0 / Math.PI) / f)) / Math.PI);
    }
    
    def code(f):
    	return 4.0 * (math.log(((4.0 / math.pi) / f)) / math.pi)
    
    function code(f)
    	return Float64(4.0 * Float64(log(Float64(Float64(4.0 / pi) / f)) / pi))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(f)
    	tmp = 4.0 * (log(((4.0 / pi) / f)) / pi);
    end
    
    code[f_] := N[(4.0 * N[(N[Log[N[(N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 5.1%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Simplified99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/98.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
      2. mul-1-neg98.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
      3. unsub-neg98.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}}{\pi} \]
    6. Simplified98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-un-lft-identity98.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
      2. associate-/l*98.1%

        \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}\right)} \]
      3. diff-log98.0%

        \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \left(-4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi}\right) \]
    8. Applied egg-rr98.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}\right)} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lft-identity98.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
      2. associate-*r/98.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
      3. *-commutative98.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot -4}}{\pi} \]
      4. associate-/l*97.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
      5. associate-/l/97.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
      6. associate-/r*97.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    10. Simplified97.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/97.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right) \cdot -4}{\pi}} \]
      2. associate-/l/98.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)} \cdot -4}{\pi} \]
      3. *-commutative98.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\color{blue}{f \cdot \pi}}\right) \cdot -4}{\pi} \]
      4. associate-/l/98.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)} \cdot -4}{\pi} \]
      5. *-commutative98.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
      6. rem-cube-cbrt96.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}\right)}^{3}}}{\pi} \]
      7. add-cube-cbrt96.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{-4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}\right)}^{3}}{\pi}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{-4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}\right)}^{3}}{\pi}}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{-4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}\right)}^{3}}{\pi}}} \]
      8. pow396.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{-4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}\right)}^{3}}{\pi}}\right)}^{3}} \]
    12. Applied egg-rr96.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}\right)}^{3}} \]
    13. Step-by-step derivation
      1. rem-cube-cbrt97.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \]
      2. add-sqr-sqrt0.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{-4}{\pi}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-4}{\pi}}\right)} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \]
      3. sqrt-unprod1.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \]
      4. frac-times1.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot -4}{\pi \cdot \pi}}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \]
      5. metadata-eval1.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{16}}{\pi \cdot \pi}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \]
      6. metadata-eval1.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{4 \cdot 4}}{\pi \cdot \pi}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \]
      7. frac-times1.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \frac{4}{\pi}}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \]
      8. sqrt-unprod1.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{4}{\pi}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{4}{\pi}}\right)} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \]
      9. add-sqr-sqrt1.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{4}{\pi}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \]
    14. Applied egg-rr1.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \]
    15. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/1.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\pi}} \]
      2. associate-/l*1.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\pi}} \]
      3. associate-/l/1.6%

        \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
    16. Simplified1.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
    17. Final simplification1.6%

      \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
    18. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 6: 96.0% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right) \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* (/ -4.0 PI) (log (/ (/ 4.0 f) PI))))
    double code(double f) {
    	return (-4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) * log(((4.0 / f) / ((double) M_PI)));
    }
    
    public static double code(double f) {
    	return (-4.0 / Math.PI) * Math.log(((4.0 / f) / Math.PI));
    }
    
    def code(f):
    	return (-4.0 / math.pi) * math.log(((4.0 / f) / math.pi))
    
    function code(f)
    	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 / pi) * log(Float64(Float64(4.0 / f) / pi)))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(f)
    	tmp = (-4.0 / pi) * log(((4.0 / f) / pi));
    end
    
    code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(4.0 / f), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 5.1%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Simplified99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/98.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
      2. mul-1-neg98.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
      3. unsub-neg98.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}}{\pi} \]
    6. Simplified98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-un-lft-identity98.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
      2. associate-/l*98.1%

        \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}\right)} \]
      3. diff-log98.0%

        \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \left(-4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi}\right) \]
    8. Applied egg-rr98.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}\right)} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lft-identity98.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
      2. associate-*r/98.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
      3. *-commutative98.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot -4}}{\pi} \]
      4. associate-/l*97.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
      5. associate-/l/97.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
      6. associate-/r*97.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    10. Simplified97.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    11. Final simplification97.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right) \]
    12. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 7: 96.0% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right) \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* (/ -4.0 PI) (log (/ (/ 4.0 PI) f))))
    double code(double f) {
    	return (-4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) * log(((4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) / f));
    }
    
    public static double code(double f) {
    	return (-4.0 / Math.PI) * Math.log(((4.0 / Math.PI) / f));
    }
    
    def code(f):
    	return (-4.0 / math.pi) * math.log(((4.0 / math.pi) / f))
    
    function code(f)
    	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 / pi) * log(Float64(Float64(4.0 / pi) / f)))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(f)
    	tmp = (-4.0 / pi) * log(((4.0 / pi) / f));
    end
    
    code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 5.1%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Simplified99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/98.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
      2. mul-1-neg98.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
      3. unsub-neg98.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}}{\pi} \]
    6. Simplified98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-un-lft-identity98.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
      2. associate-/l*98.1%

        \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}\right)} \]
      3. diff-log98.0%

        \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \left(-4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi}\right) \]
    8. Applied egg-rr98.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}\right)} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lft-identity98.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
      2. associate-*r/98.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
      3. *-commutative98.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot -4}}{\pi} \]
      4. associate-/l*97.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
      5. associate-/l/97.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
      6. associate-/r*97.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    10. Simplified97.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    11. Taylor expanded in f around 0 97.9%

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative97.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{4}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
      2. associate-/r*97.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    13. Simplified97.9%

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    14. Final simplification97.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right) \]
    15. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 8: 96.1% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (/ (* -4.0 (log (/ (/ 4.0 PI) f))) PI))
    double code(double f) {
    	return (-4.0 * log(((4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) / f))) / ((double) M_PI);
    }
    
    public static double code(double f) {
    	return (-4.0 * Math.log(((4.0 / Math.PI) / f))) / Math.PI;
    }
    
    def code(f):
    	return (-4.0 * math.log(((4.0 / math.pi) / f))) / math.pi
    
    function code(f)
    	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log(Float64(Float64(4.0 / pi) / f))) / pi)
    end
    
    function tmp = code(f)
    	tmp = (-4.0 * log(((4.0 / pi) / f))) / pi;
    end
    
    code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[N[(N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 5.1%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Simplified99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/98.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
      2. mul-1-neg98.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
      3. unsub-neg98.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}}{\pi} \]
    6. Simplified98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. diff-log98.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
    8. Applied egg-rr98.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
    9. Final simplification98.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
    10. Add Preprocessing

    Reproduce

    ?
    herbie shell --seed 2024077 
    (FPCore (f)
      :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)"
      :precision binary64
      (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))) (- (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))))))))