
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(-
(*
(pow c 4.0)
(-
(* -5.0 (/ (pow a 3.0) (pow b 7.0)))
(/ (+ (* 2.0 (/ (pow a 2.0) (pow b 5.0))) (/ a (* c (pow b 3.0)))) c)))
(/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (pow(c, 4.0) * ((-5.0 * (pow(a, 3.0) / pow(b, 7.0))) - (((2.0 * (pow(a, 2.0) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (a / (c * pow(b, 3.0)))) / c))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((c ** 4.0d0) * (((-5.0d0) * ((a ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 7.0d0))) - (((2.0d0 * ((a ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + (a / (c * (b ** 3.0d0)))) / c))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (Math.pow(c, 4.0) * ((-5.0 * (Math.pow(a, 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 7.0))) - (((2.0 * (Math.pow(a, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (a / (c * Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) / c))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (math.pow(c, 4.0) * ((-5.0 * (math.pow(a, 3.0) / math.pow(b, 7.0))) - (((2.0 * (math.pow(a, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (a / (c * math.pow(b, 3.0)))) / c))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64((c ^ 4.0) * Float64(Float64(-5.0 * Float64((a ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 7.0))) - Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(a / Float64(c * (b ^ 3.0)))) / c))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((c ^ 4.0) * ((-5.0 * ((a ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 7.0))) - (((2.0 * ((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + (a / (c * (b ^ 3.0)))) / c))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a / N[(c * N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{c}^{4} \cdot \left(-5 \cdot \frac{{a}^{3}}{{b}^{7}} - \frac{2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} + \frac{a}{c \cdot {b}^{3}}}{c}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 98.5%
Taylor expanded in c around -inf 98.5%
Final simplification98.5%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(*
c
(+
(*
c
(-
(*
c
(+
(* -5.0 (/ (* c (pow a 3.0)) (pow b 7.0)))
(* (/ (pow a 2.0) (pow b 5.0)) -2.0)))
(/ a (pow b 3.0))))
(/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((c * ((-5.0 * ((c * pow(a, 3.0)) / pow(b, 7.0))) + ((pow(a, 2.0) / pow(b, 5.0)) * -2.0))) - (a / pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((c * ((c * (((-5.0d0) * ((c * (a ** 3.0d0)) / (b ** 7.0d0))) + (((a ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0)) * (-2.0d0)))) - (a / (b ** 3.0d0)))) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((c * ((-5.0 * ((c * Math.pow(a, 3.0)) / Math.pow(b, 7.0))) + ((Math.pow(a, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0)) * -2.0))) - (a / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((c * ((c * ((-5.0 * ((c * math.pow(a, 3.0)) / math.pow(b, 7.0))) + ((math.pow(a, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0)) * -2.0))) - (a / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-5.0 * Float64(Float64(c * (a ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 7.0))) + Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0)) * -2.0))) - Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((c * ((c * ((-5.0 * ((c * (a ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 7.0))) + (((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0)) * -2.0))) - (a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(N[(c * N[Power[a, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-5 \cdot \frac{c \cdot {a}^{3}}{{b}^{7}} + \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} \cdot -2\right) - \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 98.3%
Simplified98.3%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 98.3%
Final simplification98.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* a (- (* (* a -2.0) (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 5.0))) (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (((a * -2.0) * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 5.0))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * (((a * (-2.0d0)) * ((c ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (((a * -2.0) * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * (((a * -2.0) * (math.pow(c, 3.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(Float64(a * -2.0) * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * (((a * -2.0) * ((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(N[(a * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot -2\right) \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 98.5%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 98.0%
mul-1-neg98.0%
unsub-neg98.0%
associate-/l*98.0%
associate-*r*98.0%
*-commutative98.0%
Simplified98.0%
Final simplification98.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (+ (/ (- (* (* (pow a 2.0) -2.0) (pow (/ c b) 2.0)) (* c a)) (pow b 3.0)) (/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * (((((pow(a, 2.0) * -2.0) * pow((c / b), 2.0)) - (c * a)) / pow(b, 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((((((a ** 2.0d0) * (-2.0d0)) * ((c / b) ** 2.0d0)) - (c * a)) / (b ** 3.0d0)) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * (((((Math.pow(a, 2.0) * -2.0) * Math.pow((c / b), 2.0)) - (c * a)) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * (((((math.pow(a, 2.0) * -2.0) * math.pow((c / b), 2.0)) - (c * a)) / math.pow(b, 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * -2.0) * (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0)) - Float64(c * a)) / (b ^ 3.0)) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((((((a ^ 2.0) * -2.0) * ((c / b) ^ 2.0)) - (c * a)) / (b ^ 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{\left({a}^{2} \cdot -2\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2} - c \cdot a}{{b}^{3}} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 98.3%
Simplified98.3%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 97.7%
mul-1-neg97.7%
unsub-neg97.7%
associate-/l*97.7%
unpow297.7%
unpow297.7%
times-frac97.7%
unpow297.7%
associate-*r*97.7%
Simplified97.7%
Final simplification97.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (fma a (pow (/ c b) 2.0) c) (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(a, pow((c / b), 2.0), c) / -b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(a, (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0), c) / Float64(-b)) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + c), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}, c\right)}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.2%
associate-*r/96.2%
neg-mul-196.2%
distribute-rgt-neg-in96.2%
Simplified96.2%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 96.2%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 95.9%
sub-neg95.9%
associate-*r/95.9%
*-commutative95.9%
rem-cube-cbrt95.9%
distribute-neg-frac95.9%
metadata-eval95.9%
rem-cube-cbrt95.9%
+-commutative95.9%
rem-cube-cbrt95.9%
*-commutative95.9%
associate-*r/95.9%
mul-1-neg95.9%
unsub-neg95.9%
rem-cube-cbrt95.9%
*-commutative95.9%
Simplified95.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 96.5%
distribute-lft-out96.5%
associate-*r/96.5%
mul-1-neg96.5%
distribute-neg-frac296.5%
+-commutative96.5%
associate-/l*96.5%
fma-define96.5%
unpow296.5%
unpow296.5%
times-frac96.5%
unpow296.5%
Simplified96.5%
Final simplification96.5%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (/ -1.0 b) (* a (* c (pow b -3.0))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c * pow(b, -3.0))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-1.0d0) / b) - (a * (c * (b ** (-3.0d0)))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c * Math.pow(b, -3.0))));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c * math.pow(b, -3.0))))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 / b) - Float64(a * Float64(c * (b ^ -3.0))))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c * (b ^ -3.0)))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(c * N[Power[b, -3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b} - a \cdot \left(c \cdot {b}^{-3}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.2%
associate-*r/96.2%
neg-mul-196.2%
distribute-rgt-neg-in96.2%
Simplified96.2%
pow196.2%
div-inv96.2%
fma-neg96.2%
distribute-rgt-neg-out96.2%
*-commutative96.2%
pow-flip96.2%
metadata-eval96.2%
Applied egg-rr96.2%
unpow196.2%
fma-define96.2%
+-commutative96.2%
distribute-lft-neg-out96.2%
unsub-neg96.2%
distribute-neg-frac96.2%
metadata-eval96.2%
*-commutative96.2%
associate-*l*96.2%
Simplified96.2%
Final simplification96.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 91.1%
associate-*r/91.1%
mul-1-neg91.1%
Simplified91.1%
Final simplification91.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(a, b, c): return 0.0
function code(a, b, c) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.2%
associate-*r/96.2%
neg-mul-196.2%
distribute-rgt-neg-in96.2%
Simplified96.2%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 90.8%
expm1-log1p-u76.6%
expm1-undefine16.9%
Applied egg-rr16.9%
sub-neg16.9%
metadata-eval16.9%
+-commutative16.9%
log1p-undefine16.9%
rem-exp-log31.1%
associate-*r/31.1%
*-commutative31.1%
associate-*r/31.1%
mul-1-neg31.1%
unsub-neg31.1%
Simplified31.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 3.3%
Final simplification3.3%
herbie shell --seed 2024076
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))