
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return tan((x + eps)) - tan(x);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = tan((x + eps)) - tan(x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return Math.tan((x + eps)) - Math.tan(x);
}
def code(x, eps): return math.tan((x + eps)) - math.tan(x)
function code(x, eps) return Float64(tan(Float64(x + eps)) - tan(x)) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = tan((x + eps)) - tan(x); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Tan[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return tan((x + eps)) - tan(x);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = tan((x + eps)) - tan(x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return Math.tan((x + eps)) - Math.tan(x);
}
def code(x, eps): return math.tan((x + eps)) - math.tan(x)
function code(x, eps) return Float64(tan(Float64(x + eps)) - tan(x)) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = tan((x + eps)) - tan(x); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Tan[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x
\end{array}
(FPCore (x eps)
:precision binary64
(/
(*
eps
(+
(cos x)
(+
(*
(pow eps 2.0)
(* 0.3333333333333333 (+ (cos x) (/ (pow (sin x) 2.0) (cos x)))))
(/ (- 0.5 (/ (cos (* x 2.0)) 2.0)) (cos x)))))
(* (cos x) (- 1.0 (* (tan x) (tan eps))))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return (eps * (cos(x) + ((pow(eps, 2.0) * (0.3333333333333333 * (cos(x) + (pow(sin(x), 2.0) / cos(x))))) + ((0.5 - (cos((x * 2.0)) / 2.0)) / cos(x))))) / (cos(x) * (1.0 - (tan(x) * tan(eps))));
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = (eps * (cos(x) + (((eps ** 2.0d0) * (0.3333333333333333d0 * (cos(x) + ((sin(x) ** 2.0d0) / cos(x))))) + ((0.5d0 - (cos((x * 2.0d0)) / 2.0d0)) / cos(x))))) / (cos(x) * (1.0d0 - (tan(x) * tan(eps))))
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return (eps * (Math.cos(x) + ((Math.pow(eps, 2.0) * (0.3333333333333333 * (Math.cos(x) + (Math.pow(Math.sin(x), 2.0) / Math.cos(x))))) + ((0.5 - (Math.cos((x * 2.0)) / 2.0)) / Math.cos(x))))) / (Math.cos(x) * (1.0 - (Math.tan(x) * Math.tan(eps))));
}
def code(x, eps): return (eps * (math.cos(x) + ((math.pow(eps, 2.0) * (0.3333333333333333 * (math.cos(x) + (math.pow(math.sin(x), 2.0) / math.cos(x))))) + ((0.5 - (math.cos((x * 2.0)) / 2.0)) / math.cos(x))))) / (math.cos(x) * (1.0 - (math.tan(x) * math.tan(eps))))
function code(x, eps) return Float64(Float64(eps * Float64(cos(x) + Float64(Float64((eps ^ 2.0) * Float64(0.3333333333333333 * Float64(cos(x) + Float64((sin(x) ^ 2.0) / cos(x))))) + Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(cos(Float64(x * 2.0)) / 2.0)) / cos(x))))) / Float64(cos(x) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(tan(x) * tan(eps))))) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = (eps * (cos(x) + (((eps ^ 2.0) * (0.3333333333333333 * (cos(x) + ((sin(x) ^ 2.0) / cos(x))))) + ((0.5 - (cos((x * 2.0)) / 2.0)) / cos(x))))) / (cos(x) * (1.0 - (tan(x) * tan(eps)))); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(eps * N[(N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Power[eps, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[(N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Power[N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(0.5 - N[(N[Cos[N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\cos x + \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(\cos x + \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{\cos x}\right)\right) + \frac{0.5 - \frac{\cos \left(x \cdot 2\right)}{2}}{\cos x}\right)\right)}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 63.1%
tan-sum63.2%
tan-quot63.2%
frac-sub63.2%
Applied egg-rr63.2%
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 100.0%
associate--l+100.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
mul-1-neg100.0%
Simplified100.0%
unpow2100.0%
sin-mult100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
+-inverses100.0%
cos-0100.0%
count-2100.0%
Simplified100.0%
sub-neg100.0%
distribute-lft-out100.0%
distribute-neg-frac2100.0%
div-sub100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (/ (* eps (- (* 0.5 (/ (+ (cos (* x 2.0)) -1.0) (cos x))) (cos x))) (* (cos x) (+ (* (tan x) (tan eps)) -1.0))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return (eps * ((0.5 * ((cos((x * 2.0)) + -1.0) / cos(x))) - cos(x))) / (cos(x) * ((tan(x) * tan(eps)) + -1.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = (eps * ((0.5d0 * ((cos((x * 2.0d0)) + (-1.0d0)) / cos(x))) - cos(x))) / (cos(x) * ((tan(x) * tan(eps)) + (-1.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return (eps * ((0.5 * ((Math.cos((x * 2.0)) + -1.0) / Math.cos(x))) - Math.cos(x))) / (Math.cos(x) * ((Math.tan(x) * Math.tan(eps)) + -1.0));
}
def code(x, eps): return (eps * ((0.5 * ((math.cos((x * 2.0)) + -1.0) / math.cos(x))) - math.cos(x))) / (math.cos(x) * ((math.tan(x) * math.tan(eps)) + -1.0))
function code(x, eps) return Float64(Float64(eps * Float64(Float64(0.5 * Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(x * 2.0)) + -1.0) / cos(x))) - cos(x))) / Float64(cos(x) * Float64(Float64(tan(x) * tan(eps)) + -1.0))) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = (eps * ((0.5 * ((cos((x * 2.0)) + -1.0) / cos(x))) - cos(x))) / (cos(x) * ((tan(x) * tan(eps)) + -1.0)); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(eps * N[(N[(0.5 * N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\cos \left(x \cdot 2\right) + -1}{\cos x} - \cos x\right)}{\cos x \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon + -1\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 63.1%
tan-sum63.2%
tan-quot63.2%
frac-sub63.2%
Applied egg-rr63.2%
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 100.0%
associate--l+100.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
mul-1-neg100.0%
Simplified100.0%
unpow2100.0%
sin-mult100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
+-inverses100.0%
cos-0100.0%
count-2100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 99.9%
Final simplification99.9%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (* eps (+ (pow (pow (cbrt (tan x)) 2.0) 3.0) 1.0)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return eps * (pow(pow(cbrt(tan(x)), 2.0), 3.0) + 1.0);
}
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return eps * (Math.pow(Math.pow(Math.cbrt(Math.tan(x)), 2.0), 3.0) + 1.0);
}
function code(x, eps) return Float64(eps * Float64(((cbrt(tan(x)) ^ 2.0) ^ 3.0) + 1.0)) end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(eps * N[(N[Power[N[Power[N[Power[N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision], 1/3], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\varepsilon \cdot \left({\left({\left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{3} + 1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 63.1%
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 99.5%
sub-neg99.5%
mul-1-neg99.5%
remove-double-neg99.5%
Simplified99.5%
add-cube-cbrt99.5%
pow399.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (* eps (+ (exp (log (pow (tan x) 2.0))) 1.0)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return eps * (exp(log(pow(tan(x), 2.0))) + 1.0);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = eps * (exp(log((tan(x) ** 2.0d0))) + 1.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return eps * (Math.exp(Math.log(Math.pow(Math.tan(x), 2.0))) + 1.0);
}
def code(x, eps): return eps * (math.exp(math.log(math.pow(math.tan(x), 2.0))) + 1.0)
function code(x, eps) return Float64(eps * Float64(exp(log((tan(x) ^ 2.0))) + 1.0)) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = eps * (exp(log((tan(x) ^ 2.0))) + 1.0); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(eps * N[(N[Exp[N[Log[N[Power[N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\log \left({\tan x}^{2}\right)} + 1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 63.1%
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 99.5%
sub-neg99.5%
mul-1-neg99.5%
remove-double-neg99.5%
Simplified99.5%
expm1-log1p-u99.5%
log1p-define99.5%
add-exp-log99.5%
log1p-define99.5%
expm1-log1p-u99.5%
unpow299.5%
unpow299.5%
frac-times99.5%
tan-quot99.5%
tan-quot99.5%
pow299.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (* eps (+ (pow (tan x) 2.0) 1.0)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return eps * (pow(tan(x), 2.0) + 1.0);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = eps * ((tan(x) ** 2.0d0) + 1.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return eps * (Math.pow(Math.tan(x), 2.0) + 1.0);
}
def code(x, eps): return eps * (math.pow(math.tan(x), 2.0) + 1.0)
function code(x, eps) return Float64(eps * Float64((tan(x) ^ 2.0) + 1.0)) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = eps * ((tan(x) ^ 2.0) + 1.0); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(eps * N[(N[Power[N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\varepsilon \cdot \left({\tan x}^{2} + 1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 63.1%
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 99.5%
sub-neg99.5%
mul-1-neg99.5%
remove-double-neg99.5%
Simplified99.5%
expm1-log1p-u99.5%
log1p-define99.5%
expm1-undefine99.5%
add-exp-log99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
unpow299.5%
unpow299.5%
frac-times99.5%
tan-quot99.5%
tan-quot99.5%
pow299.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
associate--l+99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
+-rgt-identity99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (/ (sin eps) (cos eps)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return sin(eps) / cos(eps);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = sin(eps) / cos(eps)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return Math.sin(eps) / Math.cos(eps);
}
def code(x, eps): return math.sin(eps) / math.cos(eps)
function code(x, eps) return Float64(sin(eps) / cos(eps)) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = sin(eps) / cos(eps); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}
\end{array}
Initial program 63.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.7%
Final simplification98.7%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 eps)
double code(double x, double eps) {
return eps;
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = eps
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return eps;
}
def code(x, eps): return eps
function code(x, eps) return eps end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = eps; end
code[x_, eps_] := eps
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\varepsilon
\end{array}
Initial program 63.1%
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 99.5%
sub-neg99.5%
mul-1-neg99.5%
remove-double-neg99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.7%
Final simplification98.7%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps)))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return sin(eps) / (cos(x) * cos((x + eps)));
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = sin(eps) / (cos(x) * cos((x + eps)))
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return Math.sin(eps) / (Math.cos(x) * Math.cos((x + eps)));
}
def code(x, eps): return math.sin(eps) / (math.cos(x) * math.cos((x + eps)))
function code(x, eps) return Float64(sin(eps) / Float64(cos(x) * cos(Float64(x + eps)))) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = sin(eps) / (cos(x) * cos((x + eps))); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024076
(FPCore (x eps)
:name "2tan (problem 3.3.2)"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (<= -10000.0 x) (<= x 10000.0)) (< (* 1e-16 (fabs x)) eps)) (< eps (fabs x)))
:alt
(/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps))))
(- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))