VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)

Percentage Accurate: 6.7% → 99.0%
Time: 33.6s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 4.9×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 6.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.0% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  -4.0
  (/
   (log1p
    (+
     (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI 0.5))))
     (+ -1.0 (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* PI (* f -0.5)))))))
   PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (log1p(((1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / expm1((((double) M_PI) * (f * -0.5))))))) / ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (Math.log1p(((1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((Math.PI * (f * -0.5))))))) / Math.PI);
}
def code(f):
	return -4.0 * (math.log1p(((1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / math.expm1((math.pi * (f * -0.5))))))) / math.pi)
function code(f)
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log1p(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * 0.5)))) + Float64(-1.0 + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(pi * Float64(f * -0.5))))))) / pi))
end
code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[1 + N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(Pi * N[(f * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.4%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-define5.5%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    2. *-commutative5.5%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5}\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. expm1-define98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}}\right)}{\pi} \]
    4. *-commutative98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5}\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  6. Simplified98.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log1p-expm1-u98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. expm1-undefine98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. add-exp-log98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
    4. associate-*r*98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
    5. associate-*l*98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr98.8%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sub-neg98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \left(-1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    2. sub-neg98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. metadata-eval98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    4. associate-+l+99.0%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\left(-\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) + -1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    5. distribute-neg-frac99.0%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    6. metadata-eval99.0%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    7. associate-*r*99.0%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5}\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    8. *-commutative99.0%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot f\right)} \cdot -0.5\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    9. associate-*l*99.0%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
  10. Simplified99.0%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
  11. Final simplification99.0%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
  12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.9% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  -4.0
  (/
   (log
    (+ (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* 0.5 (* f PI)))) (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* -0.5 (* f PI))))))
   PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (log(((1.0 / expm1((0.5 * (f * ((double) M_PI))))) + (-1.0 / expm1((-0.5 * (f * ((double) M_PI))))))) / ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (Math.log(((1.0 / Math.expm1((0.5 * (f * Math.PI)))) + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((-0.5 * (f * Math.PI)))))) / Math.PI);
}
def code(f):
	return -4.0 * (math.log(((1.0 / math.expm1((0.5 * (f * math.pi)))) + (-1.0 / math.expm1((-0.5 * (f * math.pi)))))) / math.pi)
function code(f)
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(0.5 * Float64(f * pi)))) + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(f * pi)))))) / pi))
end
code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(0.5 * N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(-0.5 * N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.4%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-define5.5%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    2. *-commutative5.5%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5}\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. expm1-define98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}}\right)}{\pi} \]
    4. *-commutative98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5}\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  6. Simplified98.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Final simplification98.8%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 96.5% accurate, 2.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} + f \cdot \left(0.5 + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \pi \cdot 0.125\right)\right)}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  -4.0
  (/
   (log
    (+
     (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* 0.5 (* f PI))))
     (/
      (+
       (* 2.0 (/ 1.0 PI))
       (* f (+ 0.5 (* f (+ (* PI -0.08333333333333333) (* PI 0.125))))))
      f)))
   PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (log(((1.0 / expm1((0.5 * (f * ((double) M_PI))))) + (((2.0 * (1.0 / ((double) M_PI))) + (f * (0.5 + (f * ((((double) M_PI) * -0.08333333333333333) + (((double) M_PI) * 0.125)))))) / f))) / ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (Math.log(((1.0 / Math.expm1((0.5 * (f * Math.PI)))) + (((2.0 * (1.0 / Math.PI)) + (f * (0.5 + (f * ((Math.PI * -0.08333333333333333) + (Math.PI * 0.125)))))) / f))) / Math.PI);
}
def code(f):
	return -4.0 * (math.log(((1.0 / math.expm1((0.5 * (f * math.pi)))) + (((2.0 * (1.0 / math.pi)) + (f * (0.5 + (f * ((math.pi * -0.08333333333333333) + (math.pi * 0.125)))))) / f))) / math.pi)
function code(f)
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(0.5 * Float64(f * pi)))) + Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 / pi)) + Float64(f * Float64(0.5 + Float64(f * Float64(Float64(pi * -0.08333333333333333) + Float64(pi * 0.125)))))) / f))) / pi))
end
code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(0.5 * N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(f * N[(0.5 + N[(f * N[(N[(Pi * -0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + N[(Pi * 0.125), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} + f \cdot \left(0.5 + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \pi \cdot 0.125\right)\right)}{f}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.4%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-define5.5%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    2. *-commutative5.5%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5}\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. expm1-define98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}}\right)}{\pi} \]
    4. *-commutative98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5}\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  6. Simplified98.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.4%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \color{blue}{\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 0.5\right) - 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  8. Final simplification96.4%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} + f \cdot \left(0.5 + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \pi \cdot 0.125\right)\right)}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 96.3% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right), \frac{2}{\pi \cdot 0.5}\right)}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (log (/ (fma f (* f (* PI 0.08333333333333333)) (/ 2.0 (* PI 0.5))) f))
  (/ -1.0 (/ PI 4.0))))
double code(double f) {
	return log((fma(f, (f * (((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333)), (2.0 / (((double) M_PI) * 0.5))) / f)) * (-1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0));
}
function code(f)
	return Float64(log(Float64(fma(f, Float64(f * Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333)), Float64(2.0 / Float64(pi * 0.5))) / f)) * Float64(-1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)))
end
code[f_] := N[(N[Log[N[(N[(f * N[(f * N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(2.0 / N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\log \left(\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right), \frac{2}{\pi \cdot 0.5}\right)}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{\frac{\pi}{4}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.4%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.3%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-0.25 \cdot \frac{\pi}{0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi} + \left(0.25 \cdot \frac{\pi}{0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi} + f \cdot \left(0.0625 \cdot \frac{{\pi}^{2}}{0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi} - 2 \cdot \frac{0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3} - -0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3}}{{\left(0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi}}{f}\right)} \]
  4. Simplified96.3%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, f \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.0625, \pi \cdot 2, \left(\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot 0.005208333333333333\right) \cdot -2\right), \frac{2}{\pi \cdot 0.5}\right)}{f}\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.3%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \color{blue}{f \cdot \left(-0.041666666666666664 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right)}, \frac{2}{\pi \cdot 0.5}\right)}{f}\right) \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. distribute-rgt-out96.3%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, f \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(-0.041666666666666664 + 0.125\right)\right)}, \frac{2}{\pi \cdot 0.5}\right)}{f}\right) \]
    2. metadata-eval96.3%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.08333333333333333}\right), \frac{2}{\pi \cdot 0.5}\right)}{f}\right) \]
  7. Simplified96.3%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \color{blue}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)}, \frac{2}{\pi \cdot 0.5}\right)}{f}\right) \]
  8. Final simplification96.3%

    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right), \frac{2}{\pi \cdot 0.5}\right)}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 96.0% accurate, 4.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)}{f} - \left(-0.5 + \frac{-2}{f \cdot \pi}\right)\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  -4.0
  (/
   (log
    (-
     (/
      (-
       (* 2.0 (/ 1.0 PI))
       (* f (+ 0.5 (* f (+ (* PI -0.125) (* PI 0.08333333333333333))))))
      f)
     (+ -0.5 (/ -2.0 (* f PI)))))
   PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (log(((((2.0 * (1.0 / ((double) M_PI))) - (f * (0.5 + (f * ((((double) M_PI) * -0.125) + (((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f) - (-0.5 + (-2.0 / (f * ((double) M_PI)))))) / ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (Math.log(((((2.0 * (1.0 / Math.PI)) - (f * (0.5 + (f * ((Math.PI * -0.125) + (Math.PI * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f) - (-0.5 + (-2.0 / (f * Math.PI))))) / Math.PI);
}
def code(f):
	return -4.0 * (math.log(((((2.0 * (1.0 / math.pi)) - (f * (0.5 + (f * ((math.pi * -0.125) + (math.pi * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f) - (-0.5 + (-2.0 / (f * math.pi))))) / math.pi)
function code(f)
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 / pi)) - Float64(f * Float64(0.5 + Float64(f * Float64(Float64(pi * -0.125) + Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f) - Float64(-0.5 + Float64(-2.0 / Float64(f * pi))))) / pi))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = -4.0 * (log(((((2.0 * (1.0 / pi)) - (f * (0.5 + (f * ((pi * -0.125) + (pi * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f) - (-0.5 + (-2.0 / (f * pi))))) / pi);
end
code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(f * N[(0.5 + N[(f * N[(N[(Pi * -0.125), $MachinePrecision] + N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision] - N[(-0.5 + N[(-2.0 / N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)}{f} - \left(-0.5 + \frac{-2}{f \cdot \pi}\right)\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.4%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-define5.5%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    2. *-commutative5.5%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5}\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. expm1-define98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}}\right)}{\pi} \]
    4. *-commutative98.8%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5}\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  6. Simplified98.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.4%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \color{blue}{\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 0.5\right) - 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.1%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \color{blue}{\frac{-0.5 \cdot f - 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. div-sub96.1%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-0.5 \cdot f}{f} - \frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    2. associate-*r/96.1%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \left(\frac{-0.5 \cdot f}{f} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot 1}{\pi}}}{f}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. metadata-eval96.1%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \left(\frac{-0.5 \cdot f}{f} - \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{2}}{\pi}}{f}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    4. sub-neg96.1%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-0.5 \cdot f}{f} + \left(-\frac{\frac{2}{\pi}}{f}\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    5. associate-/l*96.1%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \left(\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{f}{f}} + \left(-\frac{\frac{2}{\pi}}{f}\right)\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    6. *-inverses96.1%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \left(-0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{1} + \left(-\frac{\frac{2}{\pi}}{f}\right)\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    7. metadata-eval96.1%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \left(\color{blue}{-0.5} + \left(-\frac{\frac{2}{\pi}}{f}\right)\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    8. associate-/l/96.1%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \left(-0.5 + \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{2}{f \cdot \pi}}\right)\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    9. distribute-neg-frac96.1%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \left(-0.5 + \color{blue}{\frac{-2}{f \cdot \pi}}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    10. metadata-eval96.1%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \left(-0.5 + \frac{\color{blue}{-2}}{f \cdot \pi}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
  10. Simplified96.1%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} - \color{blue}{\left(-0.5 + \frac{-2}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  11. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.1%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\color{blue}{\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}} - \left(-0.5 + \frac{-2}{f \cdot \pi}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
  12. Final simplification96.1%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)}{f} - \left(-0.5 + \frac{-2}{f \cdot \pi}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
  13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 96.0% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* -4.0 (/ (log (/ (/ 4.0 PI) f)) PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (log(((4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) / f)) / ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (Math.log(((4.0 / Math.PI) / f)) / Math.PI);
}
def code(f):
	return -4.0 * (math.log(((4.0 / math.pi) / f)) / math.pi)
function code(f)
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log(Float64(Float64(4.0 / pi) / f)) / pi))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = -4.0 * (log(((4.0 / pi) / f)) / pi);
end
code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[N[(N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.4%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-neg96.0%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}}{\pi} \]
    2. unsub-neg96.0%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}}{\pi} \]
  6. Simplified96.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-un-lft-identity96.0%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}\right)} \]
    2. diff-log96.1%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(1 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi}\right) \]
  8. Applied egg-rr96.1%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}\right)} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-lft-identity96.1%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  10. Simplified96.1%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  11. Final simplification96.1%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
  12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 1.6% accurate, 5.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log 0.125 \cdot \frac{-1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* (log 0.125) (/ -1.0 (/ PI 4.0))))
double code(double f) {
	return log(0.125) * (-1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return Math.log(0.125) * (-1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0));
}
def code(f):
	return math.log(0.125) * (-1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0))
function code(f)
	return Float64(log(0.125) * Float64(-1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = log(0.125) * (-1.0 / (pi / 4.0));
end
code[f_] := N[(N[Log[0.125], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\log 0.125 \cdot \frac{-1}{\frac{\pi}{4}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.4%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Applied egg-rr1.6%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{\color{blue}{16}}\right) \]
  4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 1.6%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \color{blue}{\log 0.125} \]
  5. Final simplification1.6%

    \[\leadsto \log 0.125 \cdot \frac{-1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024076 
(FPCore (f)
  :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)"
  :precision binary64
  (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))) (- (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))))))))