Falkner and Boettcher, Appendix A

Percentage Accurate: 89.5% → 99.0%

Time: 10.8s

Alternatives: 8

Speedup: 1.0×

• 22.0% of points produce a very large (infinite) output. You may want to add a precondition.

• could not determine a ground truth

  1. a = -1.9999999999999999e-154
  2. k = 0.0
  3. m = -2.00000000000000007e154

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (* a (pow k m)) (+ (+ 1.0 (* 10.0 k)) (* k k))))

C

double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return (a * pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = (a * (k ** m)) / ((1.0d0 + (10.0d0 * k)) + (k * k))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return (a * Math.pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
}

Python

def code(a, k, m):
	return (a * math.pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k))

Julia

function code(a, k, m)
	return Float64(Float64(a * (k ^ m)) / Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(10.0 * k)) + Float64(k * k)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = (a * (k ^ m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
end

Wolfram

code[a_, k_, m_] := N[(N[(a * N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(1.0 + N[(10.0 * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 89.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (* a (pow k m)) (+ (+ 1.0 (* 10.0 k)) (* k k))))

C

double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return (a * pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = (a * (k ** m)) / ((1.0d0 + (10.0d0 * k)) + (k * k))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return (a * Math.pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
}

Python

def code(a, k, m):
	return (a * math.pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k))

Julia

function code(a, k, m)
	return Float64(Float64(a * (k ^ m)) / Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(10.0 * k)) + Float64(k * k)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = (a * (k ^ m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
end

Wolfram

code[a_, k_, m_] := N[(N[(a * N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(1.0 + N[(10.0 * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 99.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := {k}^{m} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 4.5 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{t\_0}{k}}{k}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (pow k m) a))) (if (<= k 4.5e-6) t_0 (/ (/ t_0 k) k))))

C

double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double t_0 = pow(k, m) * a;
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 4.5e-6) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = (t_0 / k) / k;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (k ** m) * a
    if (k <= 4.5d-6) then
        tmp = t_0
    else
        tmp = (t_0 / k) / k
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double t_0 = Math.pow(k, m) * a;
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 4.5e-6) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = (t_0 / k) / k;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, k, m):
	t_0 = math.pow(k, m) * a
	tmp = 0
	if k <= 4.5e-6:
		tmp = t_0
	else:
		tmp = (t_0 / k) / k
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, k, m)
	t_0 = Float64((k ^ m) * a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k <= 4.5e-6)
		tmp = t_0;
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 / k) / k);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, k, m)
	t_0 = (k ^ m) * a;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (k <= 4.5e-6)
		tmp = t_0;
	else
		tmp = (t_0 / k) / k;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, k_, m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[k, 4.5e-6], t$95$0, N[(N[(t$95$0 / k), $MachinePrecision] / k), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if k < 4.50000000000000011e-6

   1. Initial program 95.1%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* 95.1%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      2. remove-double-neg 95.1%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]

      3. distribute-frac-neg2 95.1%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-frac2 95.1%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]

      5. remove-double-neg 95.1%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      6. sqr-neg 95.1%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]

      7. associate-+l+ 95.1%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]

      8. sqr-neg 95.1%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]

      9. distribute-rgt-out 95.1%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   3. Simplified 95.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in k around 0 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot {k}^{m}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{k}^{m} \cdot a} \]

   7. Simplified 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{k}^{m} \cdot a} \]

   if 4.50000000000000011e-6 < k

   1. Initial program 82.5%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 82.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{k}^{m} \cdot a}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]

      2. associate-/l* 82.5%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{k}^{m} \cdot \frac{a}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      3. remove-double-neg 82.5%

         \[\leadsto {k}^{m} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{a}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]

      4. distribute-frac-neg 82.5%

         \[\leadsto {k}^{m} \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{-a}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}}\right) \]

      5. distribute-frac-neg 82.5%

         \[\leadsto {k}^{m} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-\left(-a\right)}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      6. remove-double-neg 82.5%

         \[\leadsto {k}^{m} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]

      7. sqr-neg 82.5%

         \[\leadsto {k}^{m} \cdot \frac{a}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]

      8. associate-+l+ 82.5%

         \[\leadsto {k}^{m} \cdot \frac{a}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]

      9. +-commutative 82.5%

         \[\leadsto {k}^{m} \cdot \frac{a}{\color{blue}{\left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right) + 1}} \]

      10. sqr-neg 82.5%

          \[\leadsto {k}^{m} \cdot \frac{a}{\left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right) + 1} \]

      11. distribute-rgt-out 82.5%

          \[\leadsto {k}^{m} \cdot \frac{a}{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)} + 1} \]

      12. fma-define 82.5%

          \[\leadsto {k}^{m} \cdot \frac{a}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(k, 10 + k, 1\right)}} \]

      13. +-commutative 82.5%

          \[\leadsto {k}^{m} \cdot \frac{a}{\mathsf{fma}\left(k, \color{blue}{k + 10}, 1\right)} \]

   3. Simplified 82.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{k}^{m} \cdot \frac{a}{\mathsf{fma}\left(k, k + 10, 1\right)}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in k around inf 82.5%

      \[\leadsto {k}^{m} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{{k}^{2}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. pow2 82.5%

         \[\leadsto {k}^{m} \cdot \frac{a}{\color{blue}{k \cdot k}} \]

      2. associate-*r/ 82.5%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m} \cdot a}{k \cdot k}} \]

      3. *-commutative 82.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot {k}^{m}}}{k \cdot k} \]

      4. associate-/r* 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{k}}{k}} \]

   7. Applied egg-rr 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{k}}{k}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 4.5 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;{k}^{m} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{{k}^{m} \cdot a}{k}}{k}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 96.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq -0.0038 \lor \neg \left(m \leq 1.65 \cdot 10^{-10}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;{k}^{m} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= m -0.0038) (not (<= m 1.65e-10)))
   (* (pow k m) a)
   (/ a (+ 1.0 (* k (+ k 10.0))))))

C

double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((m <= -0.0038) || !(m <= 1.65e-10)) {
		tmp = pow(k, m) * a;
	} else {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((m <= (-0.0038d0)) .or. (.not. (m <= 1.65d-10))) then
        tmp = (k ** m) * a
    else
        tmp = a / (1.0d0 + (k * (k + 10.0d0)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((m <= -0.0038) || !(m <= 1.65e-10)) {
		tmp = Math.pow(k, m) * a;
	} else {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if (m <= -0.0038) or not (m <= 1.65e-10):
		tmp = math.pow(k, m) * a
	else:
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((m <= -0.0038) || !(m <= 1.65e-10))
		tmp = Float64((k ^ m) * a);
	else
		tmp = Float64(a / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * Float64(k + 10.0))));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((m <= -0.0038) || ~((m <= 1.65e-10)))
		tmp = (k ^ m) * a;
	else
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, k_, m_] := If[Or[LessEqual[m, -0.0038], N[Not[LessEqual[m, 1.65e-10]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], N[(a / N[(1.0 + N[(k * N[(k + 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if m < -0.00379999999999999999 or 1.65e-10 < m

   1. Initial program 87.0%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* 87.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      2. remove-double-neg 87.0%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]

      3. distribute-frac-neg2 87.0%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-frac2 87.0%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]

      5. remove-double-neg 87.0%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      6. sqr-neg 87.0%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]

      7. associate-+l+ 87.0%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]

      8. sqr-neg 87.0%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]

      9. distribute-rgt-out 87.0%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   3. Simplified 87.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in k around 0 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot {k}^{m}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 98.8%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{k}^{m} \cdot a} \]

   7. Simplified 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{k}^{m} \cdot a} \]

   if -0.00379999999999999999 < m < 1.65e-10

   1. Initial program 96.9%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* 96.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      2. remove-double-neg 96.9%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]

      3. distribute-frac-neg2 96.9%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-frac2 96.9%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]

      5. remove-double-neg 96.9%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      6. sqr-neg 96.9%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]

      7. associate-+l+ 96.9%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]

      8. sqr-neg 96.9%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]

      9. distribute-rgt-out 96.9%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   3. Simplified 96.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 95.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 97.6%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq -0.0038 \lor \neg \left(m \leq 1.65 \cdot 10^{-10}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;{k}^{m} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 54.4% accurate, 7.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 2.3:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + a \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot 99 - 10\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= m 2.3)
   (/ a (+ 1.0 (* k (+ k 10.0))))
   (+ a (* a (* k (- (* k 99.0) 10.0))))))

C

double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 2.3) {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = a + (a * (k * ((k * 99.0) - 10.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (m <= 2.3d0) then
        tmp = a / (1.0d0 + (k * (k + 10.0d0)))
    else
        tmp = a + (a * (k * ((k * 99.0d0) - 10.0d0)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 2.3) {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = a + (a * (k * ((k * 99.0) - 10.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if m <= 2.3:
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)))
	else:
		tmp = a + (a * (k * ((k * 99.0) - 10.0)))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= 2.3)
		tmp = Float64(a / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * Float64(k + 10.0))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a + Float64(a * Float64(k * Float64(Float64(k * 99.0) - 10.0))));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= 2.3)
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	else
		tmp = a + (a * (k * ((k * 99.0) - 10.0)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, k_, m_] := If[LessEqual[m, 2.3], N[(a / N[(1.0 + N[(k * N[(k + 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a + N[(a * N[(k * N[(N[(k * 99.0), $MachinePrecision] - 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if m < 2.2999999999999998

   1. Initial program 98.3%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* 98.3%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      2. remove-double-neg 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]

      3. distribute-frac-neg2 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-frac2 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]

      5. remove-double-neg 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      6. sqr-neg 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]

      7. associate-+l+ 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]

      8. sqr-neg 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]

      9. distribute-rgt-out 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   3. Simplified 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 66.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   if 2.2999999999999998 < m

   1. Initial program 74.4%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* 74.4%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      2. remove-double-neg 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]

      3. distribute-frac-neg2 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-frac2 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]

      5. remove-double-neg 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      6. sqr-neg 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]

      7. associate-+l+ 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]

      8. sqr-neg 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]

      9. distribute-rgt-out 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   3. Simplified 74.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 3.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in k around 0 24.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + k \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right) - 10 \cdot a\right)} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in a around 0 32.2%

      \[\leadsto a + \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(99 \cdot k - 10\right)\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 55.2%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 2.3:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + a \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot 99 - 10\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 35.8% accurate, 8.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 2.1:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot 10}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a \cdot 99\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= m 2.1) (/ a (+ 1.0 (* k 10.0))) (+ a (* k (* k (* a 99.0))))))

C

double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 2.1) {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * 10.0));
	} else {
		tmp = a + (k * (k * (a * 99.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (m <= 2.1d0) then
        tmp = a / (1.0d0 + (k * 10.0d0))
    else
        tmp = a + (k * (k * (a * 99.0d0)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 2.1) {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * 10.0));
	} else {
		tmp = a + (k * (k * (a * 99.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if m <= 2.1:
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * 10.0))
	else:
		tmp = a + (k * (k * (a * 99.0)))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= 2.1)
		tmp = Float64(a / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * 10.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a + Float64(k * Float64(k * Float64(a * 99.0))));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= 2.1)
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * 10.0));
	else
		tmp = a + (k * (k * (a * 99.0)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, k_, m_] := If[LessEqual[m, 2.1], N[(a / N[(1.0 + N[(k * 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a + N[(k * N[(k * N[(a * 99.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if m < 2.10000000000000009

   1. Initial program 98.3%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* 98.3%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      2. remove-double-neg 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]

      3. distribute-frac-neg2 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-frac2 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]

      5. remove-double-neg 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      6. sqr-neg 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]

      7. associate-+l+ 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]

      8. sqr-neg 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]

      9. distribute-rgt-out 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   3. Simplified 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 66.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in k around 0 39.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{a}{1 + \color{blue}{10 \cdot k}} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 39.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{a}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot 10}} \]

   8. Simplified 39.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{a}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot 10}} \]

   if 2.10000000000000009 < m

   1. Initial program 74.4%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* 74.4%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      2. remove-double-neg 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]

      3. distribute-frac-neg2 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-frac2 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]

      5. remove-double-neg 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      6. sqr-neg 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]

      7. associate-+l+ 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]

      8. sqr-neg 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]

      9. distribute-rgt-out 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   3. Simplified 74.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 3.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in k around 0 24.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + k \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right) - 10 \cdot a\right)} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in k around inf 24.1%

      \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right)\right)} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg 24.1%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-k \cdot \left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right)} \]

      2. distribute-lft-in 11.9%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot a + k \cdot \left(-100 \cdot a\right)\right)}\right) \]

      3. *-commutative 11.9%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(-\left(\color{blue}{a \cdot k} + k \cdot \left(-100 \cdot a\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-commutative 11.9%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(-\left(a \cdot k + k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot -100\right)}\right)\right) \]

      5. distribute-neg-in 11.9%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-a \cdot k\right) + \left(-k \cdot \left(a \cdot -100\right)\right)\right)} \]

      6. distribute-lft-neg-in 11.9%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-a\right) \cdot k} + \left(-k \cdot \left(a \cdot -100\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. *-commutative 11.9%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(\left(-a\right) \cdot k + \left(-\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot -100\right) \cdot k}\right)\right) \]

      8. distribute-lft-neg-in 11.9%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(\left(-a\right) \cdot k + \color{blue}{\left(-a \cdot -100\right) \cdot k}\right) \]

      9. distribute-rgt-in 24.1%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot \left(\left(-a\right) + \left(-a \cdot -100\right)\right)\right)} \]

      10. distribute-neg-in 24.1%

          \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(a + a \cdot -100\right)\right)}\right) \]

      11. *-commutative 24.1%

          \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(-\left(a + \color{blue}{-100 \cdot a}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. distribute-rgt1-in 24.1%

          \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\left(-100 + 1\right) \cdot a}\right)\right) \]

      13. metadata-eval 24.1%

          \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{-99} \cdot a\right)\right) \]

      14. *-commutative 24.1%

          \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{a \cdot -99}\right)\right) \]

      15. distribute-rgt-neg-in 24.1%

          \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \left(--99\right)\right)}\right) \]

      16. metadata-eval 24.1%

          \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{99}\right)\right) \]

   9. Simplified 24.1%

      \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot \left(a \cdot 99\right)\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 34.9%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 2.1:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot 10}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a \cdot 99\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 52.6% accurate, 8.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 2.1:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a \cdot 99\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= m 2.1) (/ a (+ 1.0 (* k (+ k 10.0)))) (+ a (* k (* k (* a 99.0))))))

C

double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 2.1) {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = a + (k * (k * (a * 99.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (m <= 2.1d0) then
        tmp = a / (1.0d0 + (k * (k + 10.0d0)))
    else
        tmp = a + (k * (k * (a * 99.0d0)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 2.1) {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = a + (k * (k * (a * 99.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if m <= 2.1:
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)))
	else:
		tmp = a + (k * (k * (a * 99.0)))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= 2.1)
		tmp = Float64(a / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * Float64(k + 10.0))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a + Float64(k * Float64(k * Float64(a * 99.0))));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= 2.1)
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	else
		tmp = a + (k * (k * (a * 99.0)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, k_, m_] := If[LessEqual[m, 2.1], N[(a / N[(1.0 + N[(k * N[(k + 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a + N[(k * N[(k * N[(a * 99.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if m < 2.10000000000000009

   1. Initial program 98.3%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* 98.3%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      2. remove-double-neg 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]

      3. distribute-frac-neg2 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-frac2 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]

      5. remove-double-neg 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      6. sqr-neg 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]

      7. associate-+l+ 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]

      8. sqr-neg 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]

      9. distribute-rgt-out 98.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   3. Simplified 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 66.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   if 2.10000000000000009 < m

   1. Initial program 74.4%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* 74.4%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      2. remove-double-neg 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]

      3. distribute-frac-neg2 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-frac2 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]

      5. remove-double-neg 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      6. sqr-neg 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]

      7. associate-+l+ 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]

      8. sqr-neg 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]

      9. distribute-rgt-out 74.4%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   3. Simplified 74.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 3.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in k around 0 24.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + k \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right) - 10 \cdot a\right)} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in k around inf 24.1%

      \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right)\right)} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg 24.1%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-k \cdot \left(a + -100 \cdot a\right)\right)} \]

      2. distribute-lft-in 11.9%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot a + k \cdot \left(-100 \cdot a\right)\right)}\right) \]

      3. *-commutative 11.9%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(-\left(\color{blue}{a \cdot k} + k \cdot \left(-100 \cdot a\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. *-commutative 11.9%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(-\left(a \cdot k + k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot -100\right)}\right)\right) \]

      5. distribute-neg-in 11.9%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-a \cdot k\right) + \left(-k \cdot \left(a \cdot -100\right)\right)\right)} \]

      6. distribute-lft-neg-in 11.9%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-a\right) \cdot k} + \left(-k \cdot \left(a \cdot -100\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. *-commutative 11.9%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(\left(-a\right) \cdot k + \left(-\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot -100\right) \cdot k}\right)\right) \]

      8. distribute-lft-neg-in 11.9%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(\left(-a\right) \cdot k + \color{blue}{\left(-a \cdot -100\right) \cdot k}\right) \]

      9. distribute-rgt-in 24.1%

         \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot \left(\left(-a\right) + \left(-a \cdot -100\right)\right)\right)} \]

      10. distribute-neg-in 24.1%

          \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(a + a \cdot -100\right)\right)}\right) \]

      11. *-commutative 24.1%

          \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(-\left(a + \color{blue}{-100 \cdot a}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. distribute-rgt1-in 24.1%

          \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\left(-100 + 1\right) \cdot a}\right)\right) \]

      13. metadata-eval 24.1%

          \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{-99} \cdot a\right)\right) \]

      14. *-commutative 24.1%

          \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{a \cdot -99}\right)\right) \]

      15. distribute-rgt-neg-in 24.1%

          \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \left(--99\right)\right)}\right) \]

      16. metadata-eval 24.1%

          \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{99}\right)\right) \]

   9. Simplified 24.1%

      \[\leadsto a + k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot \left(a \cdot 99\right)\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 52.6%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 2.1:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(a \cdot 99\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 29.0% accurate, 9.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 2.15 \cdot 10^{+43}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot 10}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + -10 \cdot \left(k \cdot a\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= m 2.15e+43) (/ a (+ 1.0 (* k 10.0))) (+ a (* -10.0 (* k a)))))

C

double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 2.15e+43) {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * 10.0));
	} else {
		tmp = a + (-10.0 * (k * a));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (m <= 2.15d+43) then
        tmp = a / (1.0d0 + (k * 10.0d0))
    else
        tmp = a + ((-10.0d0) * (k * a))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 2.15e+43) {
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * 10.0));
	} else {
		tmp = a + (-10.0 * (k * a));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if m <= 2.15e+43:
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * 10.0))
	else:
		tmp = a + (-10.0 * (k * a))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= 2.15e+43)
		tmp = Float64(a / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * 10.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a + Float64(-10.0 * Float64(k * a)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= 2.15e+43)
		tmp = a / (1.0 + (k * 10.0));
	else
		tmp = a + (-10.0 * (k * a));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, k_, m_] := If[LessEqual[m, 2.15e+43], N[(a / N[(1.0 + N[(k * 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a + N[(-10.0 * N[(k * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if m < 2.15e43

   1. Initial program 97.8%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* 97.8%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      2. remove-double-neg 97.8%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]

      3. distribute-frac-neg2 97.8%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-frac2 97.8%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]

      5. remove-double-neg 97.8%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      6. sqr-neg 97.8%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]

      7. associate-+l+ 97.8%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]

      8. sqr-neg 97.8%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]

      9. distribute-rgt-out 97.8%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   3. Simplified 97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 63.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in k around 0 38.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{a}{1 + \color{blue}{10 \cdot k}} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 38.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{a}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot 10}} \]

   8. Simplified 38.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{a}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot 10}} \]

   if 2.15e43 < m

   1. Initial program 73.3%

      \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* 73.3%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      2. remove-double-neg 73.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]

      3. distribute-frac-neg2 73.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-frac2 73.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]

      5. remove-double-neg 73.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

      6. sqr-neg 73.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]

      7. associate-+l+ 73.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]

      8. sqr-neg 73.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]

      9. distribute-rgt-out 73.3%

         \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   3. Simplified 73.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 3.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in k around 0 9.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -10 \cdot \left(a \cdot k\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 30.0%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 2.15 \cdot 10^{+43}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot 10}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a + -10 \cdot \left(k \cdot a\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 20.7% accurate, 16.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ a + -10 \cdot \left(k \cdot a\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a k m) :precision binary64 (+ a (* -10.0 (* k a))))

C

double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return a + (-10.0 * (k * a));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = a + ((-10.0d0) * (k * a))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return a + (-10.0 * (k * a));
}

Python

def code(a, k, m):
	return a + (-10.0 * (k * a))

Julia

function code(a, k, m)
	return Float64(a + Float64(-10.0 * Float64(k * a)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = a + (-10.0 * (k * a));
end

Wolfram

code[a_, k_, m_] := N[(a + N[(-10.0 * N[(k * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 90.7%

   \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-/l* 90.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

   2. remove-double-neg 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]

   3. distribute-frac-neg2 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]

   4. distribute-neg-frac2 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]

   5. remove-double-neg 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

   6. sqr-neg 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]

   7. associate-+l+ 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]

   8. sqr-neg 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]

   9. distribute-rgt-out 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

3. Simplified 90.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 45.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

6. Taylor expanded in k around 0 20.5%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a + -10 \cdot \left(a \cdot k\right)} \]

7. Final simplification 20.5%

   \[\leadsto a + -10 \cdot \left(k \cdot a\right) \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 19.7% accurate, 114.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ a \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a k m) :precision binary64 a)

C

double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return a;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = a
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return a;
}

Python

def code(a, k, m):
	return a

Julia

function code(a, k, m)
	return a
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = a;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, k_, m_] := a

Derivation

1. Initial program 90.7%

   \[\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-/l* 90.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

   2. remove-double-neg 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}\right)\right)} \]

   3. distribute-frac-neg2 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)}}\right) \]

   4. distribute-neg-frac2 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{m}}{-\left(-\left(\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]

   5. remove-double-neg 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}} \]

   6. sqr-neg 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}} \]

   7. associate-+l+ 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \left(-k\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)\right)}} \]

   8. sqr-neg 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \left(10 \cdot k + \color{blue}{k \cdot k}\right)} \]

   9. distribute-rgt-out 90.6%

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + \color{blue}{k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

3. Simplified 90.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{k}^{m}}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in m around 0 45.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a}{1 + k \cdot \left(10 + k\right)}} \]

6. Taylor expanded in k around 0 19.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a} \]

7. Final simplification 19.4%

   \[\leadsto a \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024075 
(FPCore (a k m)
  :name "Falkner and Boettcher, Appendix A"
  :precision binary64
  (/ (* a (pow k m)) (+ (+ 1.0 (* 10.0 k)) (* k k))))