
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(/
(fma
-2.0
(* (pow a 2.0) (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 4.0)))
(-
(-
(/ (* (* (pow b -6.0) (pow (* a c) 4.0)) -5.0) a)
(/ (* a (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 2.0)))
c))
b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(-2.0, (pow(a, 2.0) * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 4.0))), (((((pow(b, -6.0) * pow((a * c), 4.0)) * -5.0) / a) - ((a * pow(c, 2.0)) / pow(b, 2.0))) - c)) / b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(-2.0, Float64((a ^ 2.0) * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 4.0))), Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((b ^ -6.0) * (Float64(a * c) ^ 4.0)) * -5.0) / a) - Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 2.0))) - c)) / b) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[b, -6.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -5.0), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}}, \left(\frac{\left({b}^{-6} \cdot {\left(a \cdot c\right)}^{4}\right) \cdot -5}{a} - \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\right) - c\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 97.5%
Simplified97.5%
expm1-log1p-u97.5%
expm1-undefine97.4%
div-inv97.4%
associate-*r*97.4%
pow-prod-down97.4%
*-commutative97.4%
pow-flip97.4%
metadata-eval97.4%
Applied egg-rr97.4%
expm1-define97.5%
expm1-log1p-u97.5%
associate-*l/97.5%
associate-*l*97.5%
Applied egg-rr97.5%
*-commutative97.5%
associate-*r*97.5%
*-commutative97.5%
associate-*r*97.5%
associate-*l*97.5%
metadata-eval97.5%
Simplified97.5%
Final simplification97.5%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(*
c
(+
(*
c
(fma
-1.0
(/ a (pow b 3.0))
(*
c
(fma
-2.0
(/ (pow a 2.0) (pow b 5.0))
(* -0.25 (* c (/ (* (/ (pow a 4.0) (pow b 6.0)) 20.0) (* a b))))))))
(/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * fma(-1.0, (a / pow(b, 3.0)), (c * fma(-2.0, (pow(a, 2.0) / pow(b, 5.0)), (-0.25 * (c * (((pow(a, 4.0) / pow(b, 6.0)) * 20.0) / (a * b)))))))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * fma(-1.0, Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)), Float64(c * fma(-2.0, Float64((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0)), Float64(-0.25 * Float64(c * Float64(Float64(Float64((a ^ 4.0) / (b ^ 6.0)) * 20.0) / Float64(a * b)))))))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(-1.0 * N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(c * N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.25 * N[(c * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[a, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 20.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}, c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}, -0.25 \cdot \left(c \cdot \frac{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{b}^{6}} \cdot 20}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 97.2%
Simplified97.2%
Final simplification97.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* a (- (* -2.0 (/ (* a (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 5.0))) (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * (((-2.0d0) * ((a * (c ** 3.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * Math.pow(c, 3.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * math.pow(c, 3.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 96.7%
Final simplification96.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (+ (* c (- (* -2.0 (/ (* (pow a 2.0) c) (pow b 5.0))) (/ a (pow b 3.0)))) (/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((pow(a, 2.0) * c) / pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((c * (((-2.0d0) * (((a ** 2.0d0) * c) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - (a / (b ** 3.0d0)))) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((Math.pow(a, 2.0) * c) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((math.pow(a, 2.0) * c) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * c) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((c * ((-2.0 * (((a ^ 2.0) * c) / (b ^ 5.0))) - (a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot c}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.3%
Final simplification96.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (/ (- c) b) (* a (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-c / b) - (a * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-c / b) - (a * ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-c / b) - (a * (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-c / b) - (a * (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-c) / b) - Float64(a * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-c / b) - (a * ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-c}{b} - a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.2%
mul-1-neg95.2%
unsub-neg95.2%
mul-1-neg95.2%
distribute-neg-frac295.2%
associate-/l*95.2%
Simplified95.2%
Final simplification95.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (/ -1.0 b) (/ (* a c) (pow b 3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((a * c) / pow(b, 3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-1.0d0) / b) - ((a * c) / (b ** 3.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((a * c) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((a * c) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 / b) - Float64(Float64(a * c) / (b ^ 3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((a * c) / (b ^ 3.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b} - \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 94.9%
associate-*r/94.9%
neg-mul-194.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in94.9%
Simplified94.9%
Final simplification94.9%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (fma a (* (/ c b) (/ c b)) c) (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(a, ((c / b) * (c / b)), c) / -b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(a, Float64(Float64(c / b) * Float64(c / b)), c) / Float64(-b)) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + c), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, \frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}, c\right)}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 94.9%
associate-*r/94.9%
neg-mul-194.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in94.9%
Simplified94.9%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 94.6%
mul-1-neg94.6%
*-commutative94.6%
Simplified94.6%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 95.2%
distribute-lft-out95.2%
associate-*r/95.2%
mul-1-neg95.2%
distribute-neg-frac295.2%
Simplified95.2%
unpow295.2%
Applied egg-rr95.2%
Final simplification95.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 90.9%
associate-*r/90.9%
mul-1-neg90.9%
Simplified90.9%
Final simplification90.9%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(a, b, c): return 0.0
function code(a, b, c) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 94.9%
associate-*r/94.9%
neg-mul-194.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in94.9%
Simplified94.9%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 90.6%
expm1-log1p-u81.2%
expm1-undefine20.5%
Applied egg-rr20.5%
sub-neg20.5%
log1p-undefine20.5%
rem-exp-log29.9%
associate-*r/29.9%
*-commutative29.9%
associate-*r/29.9%
mul-1-neg29.9%
unsub-neg29.9%
metadata-eval29.9%
Simplified29.9%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 3.3%
Final simplification3.3%
herbie shell --seed 2024074
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))