
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(-
(*
a
(-
(*
a
(+
(* -2.0 (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 5.0)))
(* -0.25 (/ (* 20.0 (* a (pow c 4.0))) (pow b 7.0)))))
(/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0))))
(/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.25 * ((20.0 * (a * pow(c, 4.0))) / pow(b, 7.0))))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * ((a * (((-2.0d0) * ((c ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + ((-0.25d0) * ((20.0d0 * (a * (c ** 4.0d0))) / (b ** 7.0d0))))) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.25 * ((20.0 * (a * Math.pow(c, 4.0))) / Math.pow(b, 7.0))))) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (math.pow(c, 3.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.25 * ((20.0 * (a * math.pow(c, 4.0))) / math.pow(b, 7.0))))) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(-0.25 * Float64(Float64(20.0 * Float64(a * (c ^ 4.0))) / (b ^ 7.0))))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * ((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + (-0.25 * ((20.0 * (a * (c ^ 4.0))) / (b ^ 7.0))))) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(a * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.25 * N[(N[(20.0 * N[(a * N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.25 \cdot \frac{20 \cdot \left(a \cdot {c}^{4}\right)}{{b}^{7}}\right) - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 20.8%
*-commutative20.8%
Simplified20.8%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.7%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 97.7%
associate-*r/97.7%
Simplified97.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.7%
associate-*r/97.7%
*-commutative97.7%
Simplified97.7%
Final simplification97.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* a (- (/ (* -2.0 (* a (pow c 3.0))) (pow b 5.0)) (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (((-2.0 * (a * pow(c, 3.0))) / pow(b, 5.0)) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * ((((-2.0d0) * (a * (c ** 3.0d0))) / (b ** 5.0d0)) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (((-2.0 * (a * Math.pow(c, 3.0))) / Math.pow(b, 5.0)) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * (((-2.0 * (a * math.pow(c, 3.0))) / math.pow(b, 5.0)) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(a * (c ^ 3.0))) / (b ^ 5.0)) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * (((-2.0 * (a * (c ^ 3.0))) / (b ^ 5.0)) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(a * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(\frac{-2 \cdot \left(a \cdot {c}^{3}\right)}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 20.8%
*-commutative20.8%
+-commutative20.8%
sqr-neg20.8%
unsub-neg20.8%
sqr-neg20.8%
fma-neg20.8%
distribute-lft-neg-in20.8%
*-commutative20.8%
*-commutative20.8%
distribute-rgt-neg-in20.8%
metadata-eval20.8%
Simplified20.8%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 20.9%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 96.7%
mul-1-neg96.7%
distribute-frac-neg296.7%
+-commutative96.7%
distribute-frac-neg296.7%
unsub-neg96.7%
mul-1-neg96.7%
unsub-neg96.7%
associate-*r/96.7%
Simplified96.7%
Final simplification96.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (+ (* c (- (* -2.0 (/ (* c (pow a 2.0)) (pow b 5.0))) (/ a (pow b 3.0)))) (/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * pow(a, 2.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((c * (((-2.0d0) * ((c * (a ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - (a / (b ** 3.0d0)))) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * Math.pow(a, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * math.pow(a, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64(c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - (a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(c * N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{c \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 20.8%
*-commutative20.8%
Simplified20.8%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.3%
Final simplification96.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* a (/ (pow c 2.0) (- (pow b 3.0)))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (pow(c, 2.0) / -pow(b, 3.0))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * ((c ** 2.0d0) / -(b ** 3.0d0))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / -Math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * (math.pow(c, 2.0) / -math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / Float64(-(b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((c ^ 2.0) / -(b ^ 3.0))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / (-N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{-{b}^{3}} - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 20.8%
*-commutative20.8%
Simplified20.8%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 94.8%
mul-1-neg94.8%
unsub-neg94.8%
mul-1-neg94.8%
distribute-neg-frac294.8%
associate-/l*94.8%
Simplified94.8%
Final simplification94.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (/ -1.0 b) (* c (/ a (pow b 3.0))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (c * (a / pow(b, 3.0))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-1.0d0) / b) - (c * (a / (b ** 3.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (c * (a / Math.pow(b, 3.0))));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (c * (a / math.pow(b, 3.0))))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 / b) - Float64(c * Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0))))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-1.0 / b) - (c * (a / (b ^ 3.0)))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c * N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b} - c \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 20.8%
*-commutative20.8%
Simplified20.8%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 94.8%
mul-1-neg94.8%
unsub-neg94.8%
mul-1-neg94.8%
distribute-neg-frac294.8%
associate-/l*94.8%
Simplified94.8%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 94.4%
sub-neg94.4%
distribute-neg-frac94.4%
metadata-eval94.4%
+-commutative94.4%
mul-1-neg94.4%
unsub-neg94.4%
*-commutative94.4%
associate-/l*94.4%
Simplified94.4%
Final simplification94.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (fma a (* (/ c b) (/ c b)) c) (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(a, ((c / b) * (c / b)), c) / -b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(a, Float64(Float64(c / b) * Float64(c / b)), c) / Float64(-b)) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + c), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, \frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}, c\right)}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 20.8%
*-commutative20.8%
Simplified20.8%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 94.8%
mul-1-neg94.8%
unsub-neg94.8%
mul-1-neg94.8%
distribute-neg-frac294.8%
associate-/l*94.8%
Simplified94.8%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 94.7%
distribute-lft-out94.7%
associate-*r/94.7%
mul-1-neg94.7%
distribute-neg-frac294.7%
associate-*r/94.7%
+-commutative94.7%
fma-define94.7%
unpow294.7%
unpow294.7%
times-frac94.7%
sqr-neg94.7%
distribute-frac-neg294.7%
distribute-frac-neg294.7%
unpow294.7%
Simplified94.7%
unpow294.7%
Applied egg-rr94.7%
Final simplification94.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 20.8%
*-commutative20.8%
Simplified20.8%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 88.7%
associate-*r/88.7%
mul-1-neg88.7%
Simplified88.7%
Final simplification88.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ 0.0 a))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0 / a;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 0.0d0 / a
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0 / a;
}
def code(a, b, c): return 0.0 / a
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(0.0 / a) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 / a; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(0.0 / a), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0}{a}
\end{array}
Initial program 20.8%
*-commutative20.8%
+-commutative20.8%
sqr-neg20.8%
unsub-neg20.8%
sqr-neg20.8%
fma-neg20.8%
distribute-lft-neg-in20.8%
*-commutative20.8%
*-commutative20.8%
distribute-rgt-neg-in20.8%
metadata-eval20.8%
Simplified20.8%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 20.9%
*-un-lft-identity20.9%
add-sqr-sqrt21.0%
prod-diff21.4%
add-sqr-sqrt21.5%
fma-neg21.5%
*-un-lft-identity21.5%
*-commutative21.5%
fma-define21.5%
add-sqr-sqrt21.4%
Applied egg-rr21.4%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 3.3%
associate-*r/3.3%
distribute-rgt1-in3.3%
metadata-eval3.3%
mul0-lft3.3%
metadata-eval3.3%
Simplified3.3%
Final simplification3.3%
herbie shell --seed 2024073
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))