
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(/
(*
a
(+
(* -2.0 (/ c b))
(*
a
(+
(* -2.0 (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))
(*
(pow c 4.0)
(+
(* -10.0 (/ (pow a 2.0) (pow b 7.0)))
(* -4.0 (/ a (* c (pow b 5.0))))))))))
(* a 2.0)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((-2.0 * (c / b)) + (a * ((-2.0 * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0))) + (pow(c, 4.0) * ((-10.0 * (pow(a, 2.0) / pow(b, 7.0))) + (-4.0 * (a / (c * pow(b, 5.0)))))))))) / (a * 2.0);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * (((-2.0d0) * (c / b)) + (a * (((-2.0d0) * ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0))) + ((c ** 4.0d0) * (((-10.0d0) * ((a ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 7.0d0))) + ((-4.0d0) * (a / (c * (b ** 5.0d0)))))))))) / (a * 2.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((-2.0 * (c / b)) + (a * ((-2.0 * (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0))) + (Math.pow(c, 4.0) * ((-10.0 * (Math.pow(a, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 7.0))) + (-4.0 * (a / (c * Math.pow(b, 5.0)))))))))) / (a * 2.0);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((-2.0 * (c / b)) + (a * ((-2.0 * (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0))) + (math.pow(c, 4.0) * ((-10.0 * (math.pow(a, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 7.0))) + (-4.0 * (a / (c * math.pow(b, 5.0)))))))))) / (a * 2.0)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(c / b)) + Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0))) + Float64((c ^ 4.0) * Float64(Float64(-10.0 * Float64((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 7.0))) + Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a / Float64(c * (b ^ 5.0)))))))))) / Float64(a * 2.0)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((-2.0 * (c / b)) + (a * ((-2.0 * ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0))) + ((c ^ 4.0) * ((-10.0 * ((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 7.0))) + (-4.0 * (a / (c * (b ^ 5.0)))))))))) / (a * 2.0); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-10.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-4.0 * N[(a / N[(c * N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}} + {c}^{4} \cdot \left(-10 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{7}} + -4 \cdot \frac{a}{c \cdot {b}^{5}}\right)\right)\right)}{a \cdot 2}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.0%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 97.0%
distribute-rgt-out97.0%
metadata-eval97.0%
Simplified97.0%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 97.0%
Final simplification97.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* a (- (* a (* -2.0 (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 5.0)))) (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * (-2.0 * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 5.0)))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * ((a * ((-2.0d0) * ((c ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0)))) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * (-2.0 * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0)))) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((a * (-2.0 * (math.pow(c, 3.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0)))) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(-2.0 * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0)))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((a * (-2.0 * ((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0)))) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(a * N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}}\right) - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.1%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 96.4%
mul-1-neg96.4%
distribute-frac-neg96.4%
+-commutative96.4%
distribute-frac-neg96.4%
unsub-neg96.4%
mul-1-neg96.4%
unsub-neg96.4%
*-commutative96.4%
associate-/l*96.4%
associate-*l*96.4%
Simplified96.4%
Final simplification96.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* (pow c 3.0) (- (* -2.0 (/ (pow a 2.0) (pow b 5.0))) (/ a (* c (pow b 3.0))))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (pow(c, 3.0) * ((-2.0 * (pow(a, 2.0) / pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / (c * pow(b, 3.0))))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((c ** 3.0d0) * (((-2.0d0) * ((a ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - (a / (c * (b ** 3.0d0))))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (Math.pow(c, 3.0) * ((-2.0 * (Math.pow(a, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / (c * Math.pow(b, 3.0))))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (math.pow(c, 3.0) * ((-2.0 * (math.pow(a, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / (c * math.pow(b, 3.0))))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64((c ^ 3.0) * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64(a / Float64(c * (b ^ 3.0))))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((c ^ 3.0) * ((-2.0 * ((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) - (a / (c * (b ^ 3.0))))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[(c * N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{c}^{3} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{a}{c \cdot {b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 96.4%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 96.4%
mul-1-neg96.4%
unsub-neg96.4%
*-commutative96.4%
Simplified96.4%
Final simplification96.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (+ (/ (- (* (pow a 2.0) (* -2.0 (pow (/ c b) 2.0))) (* a c)) (pow b 3.0)) (/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((((pow(a, 2.0) * (-2.0 * pow((c / b), 2.0))) - (a * c)) / pow(b, 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((((a ** 2.0d0) * ((-2.0d0) * ((c / b) ** 2.0d0))) - (a * c)) / (b ** 3.0d0)) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((((Math.pow(a, 2.0) * (-2.0 * Math.pow((c / b), 2.0))) - (a * c)) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((((math.pow(a, 2.0) * (-2.0 * math.pow((c / b), 2.0))) - (a * c)) / math.pow(b, 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * Float64(-2.0 * (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0))) - Float64(a * c)) / (b ^ 3.0)) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * (((((a ^ 2.0) * (-2.0 * ((c / b) ^ 2.0))) - (a * c)) / (b ^ 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-2.0 * N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}\right) - a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 96.1%
Simplified96.1%
Final simplification96.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (/ c (- b)) (* a (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c / -b) - (a * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c / -b) - (a * ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c / -b) - (a * (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c / -b) - (a * (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c / Float64(-b)) - Float64(a * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c / -b) - (a * ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b} - a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.4%
mul-1-neg95.4%
unsub-neg95.4%
mul-1-neg95.4%
distribute-neg-frac295.4%
associate-/l*95.4%
Simplified95.4%
Final simplification95.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (/ -1.0 b) (* a (/ c (pow b 3.0))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / pow(b, 3.0))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-1.0d0) / b) - (a * (c / (b ** 3.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / Math.pow(b, 3.0))));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / math.pow(b, 3.0))))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 / b) - Float64(a * Float64(c / (b ^ 3.0))))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / (b ^ 3.0)))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(c / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b} - a \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{3}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.4%
mul-1-neg95.4%
unsub-neg95.4%
mul-1-neg95.4%
distribute-neg-frac295.4%
associate-/l*95.4%
Simplified95.4%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.0%
Simplified95.3%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.0%
sub-neg95.0%
mul-1-neg95.0%
*-commutative95.0%
associate-*r/95.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-out95.0%
+-commutative95.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-out95.0%
associate-*r/95.0%
*-commutative95.0%
unsub-neg95.0%
distribute-neg-frac95.0%
metadata-eval95.0%
associate-/l*95.0%
Simplified95.0%
Final simplification95.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (fma a (* (/ c b) (/ c b)) c) (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(a, ((c / b) * (c / b)), c) / -b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(a, Float64(Float64(c / b) * Float64(c / b)), c) / Float64(-b)) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + c), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, \frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}, c\right)}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.4%
mul-1-neg95.4%
unsub-neg95.4%
mul-1-neg95.4%
distribute-neg-frac295.4%
associate-/l*95.4%
Simplified95.4%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.0%
Simplified95.3%
unpow295.3%
Applied egg-rr95.3%
Final simplification95.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 91.0%
associate-*r/91.0%
mul-1-neg91.0%
Simplified91.0%
Final simplification91.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.0%
*-commutative17.0%
Simplified17.0%
Taylor expanded in b around -inf 8.6%
mul-1-neg8.6%
*-commutative8.6%
distribute-rgt-neg-in8.6%
+-commutative8.6%
mul-1-neg8.6%
unsub-neg8.6%
Simplified8.6%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 1.7%
Final simplification1.7%
herbie shell --seed 2024072
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))