
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 10 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Final simplification99.1%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
-1.0
(/ 1.0 (+ (/ u 2.0) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (pow (/ s PI) -1.0))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / ((u / 2.0f) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf(powf((s / ((float) M_PI)), -1.0f))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(2.0)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp((Float32(s / Float32(pi)) ^ Float32(-1.0)))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / ((u / single(2.0)) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp(((s / single(pi)) ^ single(-1.0))))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{u}{2} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{{\left(\frac{s}{\pi}\right)}^{-1}}}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 38.8%
clear-num99.1%
inv-pow99.1%
Applied egg-rr38.8%
Final simplification38.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log (+ -1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))) (/ u 2.0))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / (((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))) + (u / 2.0f)))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) + Float32(u / Float32(2.0)))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / (((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))) + (u / single(2.0)))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}} + \frac{u}{2}}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 38.8%
Final simplification38.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log1p (- (/ 1.0 (* u (+ 0.5 (/ -1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))) 2.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -log1pf(((1.0f / (u * (0.5f + (-1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s))))))) - 2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(u * Float32(Float32(0.5) + Float32(Float32(-1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))))) - Float32(2.0))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(0.5 + \frac{-1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\right)} - 2\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 38.8%
log1p-expm1-u38.8%
expm1-undefine38.8%
add-exp-log38.8%
+-commutative38.8%
metadata-eval38.8%
div-inv38.8%
metadata-eval38.8%
fma-define38.8%
Applied egg-rr38.8%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 37.4%
Final simplification37.4%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(+ -1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ (/ u 2.0) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (/ PI s)))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / ((u / 2.0f) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + (1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(2.0)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / ((u / single(2.0)) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + (single(1.0) + (single(pi) / s)))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{u}{2} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + \left(1 + \frac{\pi}{s}\right)}}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 38.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 36.3%
Final simplification36.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log1p (* -4.0 (/ (* 0.25 (- (* u PI) PI)) s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * log1pf((-4.0f * ((0.25f * ((u * ((float) M_PI)) - ((float) M_PI))) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log1p(Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) - Float32(pi))) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(-4 \cdot \frac{0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi - \pi\right)}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 38.8%
log1p-expm1-u38.8%
expm1-undefine38.8%
add-exp-log38.8%
+-commutative38.8%
metadata-eval38.8%
div-inv38.8%
metadata-eval38.8%
fma-define38.8%
Applied egg-rr38.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 25.4%
distribute-lft-out--25.4%
*-commutative25.4%
Simplified25.4%
Final simplification25.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* -4.0 (+ -1.0 (* u (+ (* PI -0.5) (+ (* 0.25 (/ PI u)) (/ 1.0 u)))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -4.0f * (-1.0f + (u * ((((float) M_PI) * -0.5f) + ((0.25f * (((float) M_PI) / u)) + (1.0f / u)))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(-0.5)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(Float32(pi) / u)) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / u)))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(-4.0) * (single(-1.0) + (u * ((single(pi) * single(-0.5)) + ((single(0.25) * (single(pi) / u)) + (single(1.0) / u))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-4 \cdot \left(-1 + u \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5 + \left(0.25 \cdot \frac{\pi}{u} + \frac{1}{u}\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 12.6%
associate--r+12.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv12.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv12.6%
metadata-eval12.6%
associate-*r*12.6%
distribute-rgt-out12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
metadata-eval12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
associate-*l*12.6%
Simplified12.6%
expm1-log1p-u12.6%
expm1-undefine12.6%
fma-define12.6%
fma-define12.6%
associate-*r*12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
Applied egg-rr12.6%
expm1-define12.6%
fma-undefine12.6%
fma-undefine12.6%
distribute-lft-out12.6%
associate-*r*12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
+-commutative12.6%
associate-+l+12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
associate-*r*12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
associate-*r*12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
distribute-rgt-in12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
Simplified12.6%
expm1-undefine12.6%
log1p-undefine12.6%
rem-exp-log12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
fma-define12.6%
Applied egg-rr12.6%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 12.6%
Final simplification12.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* 4.0 (* u (+ (* (/ PI u) -0.25) (* PI 0.5)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return 4.0f * (u * (((((float) M_PI) / u) * -0.25f) + (((float) M_PI) * 0.5f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) / u) * Float32(-0.25)) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(0.5))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(4.0) * (u * (((single(pi) / u) * single(-0.25)) + (single(pi) * single(0.5)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
4 \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(\frac{\pi}{u} \cdot -0.25 + \pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 12.6%
associate--r+12.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv12.6%
distribute-rgt-out--12.6%
metadata-eval12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
metadata-eval12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
Simplified12.6%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 12.6%
Final simplification12.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* 4.0 (* PI (+ -0.25 (* u 0.5)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return 4.0f * (((float) M_PI) * (-0.25f + (u * 0.5f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(-0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(0.5))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(4.0) * (single(pi) * (single(-0.25) + (u * single(0.5)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
4 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(-0.25 + u \cdot 0.5\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
clear-num99.1%
inv-pow99.1%
Applied egg-rr99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 12.6%
associate--r+12.6%
cancel-sign-sub-inv12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
distribute-lft-out--12.6%
metadata-eval12.6%
associate-*r*12.6%
metadata-eval12.6%
*-commutative12.6%
distribute-lft-out12.6%
Simplified12.6%
Final simplification12.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 12.5%
neg-mul-112.5%
Simplified12.5%
Final simplification12.5%
herbie shell --seed 2024071
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))