
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b): return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b): return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ (* 0.5 PI) (+ a b)) (/ (+ (/ 1.0 a) (/ -1.0 b)) (- b a))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return ((0.5 * ((double) M_PI)) / (a + b)) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return ((0.5 * Math.PI) / (a + b)) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a));
}
def code(a, b): return ((0.5 * math.pi) / (a + b)) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(0.5 * pi) / Float64(a + b)) * Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) + Float64(-1.0 / b)) / Float64(b - a))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((0.5 * pi) / (a + b)) * (((1.0 / a) + (-1.0 / b)) / (b - a)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(0.5 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}
\end{array}
Initial program 78.0%
un-div-inv78.0%
difference-of-squares87.4%
associate-/r*88.6%
div-inv88.6%
metadata-eval88.6%
Applied egg-rr88.6%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
associate-/l*99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (/ (/ 1.0 a) b))) (if (<= a -4e-10) (* t_0 (* 0.5 (/ PI a))) (* t_0 (* 0.5 (/ PI b))))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double t_0 = (1.0 / a) / b;
double tmp;
if (a <= -4e-10) {
tmp = t_0 * (0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / a));
} else {
tmp = t_0 * (0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / b));
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double t_0 = (1.0 / a) / b;
double tmp;
if (a <= -4e-10) {
tmp = t_0 * (0.5 * (Math.PI / a));
} else {
tmp = t_0 * (0.5 * (Math.PI / b));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b): t_0 = (1.0 / a) / b tmp = 0 if a <= -4e-10: tmp = t_0 * (0.5 * (math.pi / a)) else: tmp = t_0 * (0.5 * (math.pi / b)) return tmp
function code(a, b) t_0 = Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) / b) tmp = 0.0 if (a <= -4e-10) tmp = Float64(t_0 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / a))); else tmp = Float64(t_0 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / b))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b) t_0 = (1.0 / a) / b; tmp = 0.0; if (a <= -4e-10) tmp = t_0 * (0.5 * (pi / a)); else tmp = t_0 * (0.5 * (pi / b)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, -4e-10], N[(t$95$0 * N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t$95$0 * N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}\\
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-10}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if a < -4.00000000000000015e-10Initial program 75.7%
un-div-inv75.7%
difference-of-squares88.2%
associate-/r*90.6%
div-inv90.6%
metadata-eval90.6%
Applied egg-rr90.6%
associate-*l/99.7%
associate-/l*99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
associate-/l*99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
*-commutative99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
sub-neg99.7%
distribute-neg-frac99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 89.3%
if -4.00000000000000015e-10 < a Initial program 78.9%
un-div-inv78.9%
difference-of-squares87.1%
associate-/r*87.9%
div-inv87.9%
metadata-eval87.9%
Applied egg-rr87.9%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
associate-/l*99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 73.9%
Final simplification78.2%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (if (<= a -1.7e-46) (/ (* -0.5 (/ PI a)) (* b (- b a))) (* (/ (/ 1.0 a) b) (* 0.5 (/ PI b)))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (a <= -1.7e-46) {
tmp = (-0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / a)) / (b * (b - a));
} else {
tmp = ((1.0 / a) / b) * (0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / b));
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (a <= -1.7e-46) {
tmp = (-0.5 * (Math.PI / a)) / (b * (b - a));
} else {
tmp = ((1.0 / a) / b) * (0.5 * (Math.PI / b));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b): tmp = 0 if a <= -1.7e-46: tmp = (-0.5 * (math.pi / a)) / (b * (b - a)) else: tmp = ((1.0 / a) / b) * (0.5 * (math.pi / b)) return tmp
function code(a, b) tmp = 0.0 if (a <= -1.7e-46) tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(pi / a)) / Float64(b * Float64(b - a))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) / b) * Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / b))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b) tmp = 0.0; if (a <= -1.7e-46) tmp = (-0.5 * (pi / a)) / (b * (b - a)); else tmp = ((1.0 / a) / b) * (0.5 * (pi / b)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -1.7e-46], N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -1.7 \cdot 10^{-46}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a}}{b \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b} \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if a < -1.69999999999999998e-46Initial program 77.9%
un-div-inv77.8%
difference-of-squares89.2%
associate-/r*91.4%
div-inv91.4%
metadata-eval91.4%
Applied egg-rr91.4%
associate-*l/99.7%
associate-/l*99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 91.4%
*-un-lft-identity91.4%
associate-/l*91.4%
Applied egg-rr91.4%
*-lft-identity91.4%
associate-*r/91.4%
associate-/r*91.4%
associate-*r/91.4%
metadata-eval91.4%
distribute-lft-neg-in91.4%
associate-/r*91.4%
distribute-lft-neg-in91.4%
metadata-eval91.4%
Simplified91.4%
if -1.69999999999999998e-46 < a Initial program 78.1%
un-div-inv78.1%
difference-of-squares86.6%
associate-/r*87.4%
div-inv87.4%
metadata-eval87.4%
Applied egg-rr87.4%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
associate-/l*99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 73.9%
Final simplification79.3%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (if (<= a -2.7e-46) (/ (* -0.5 (/ (/ PI a) b)) (- b a)) (* (/ (/ 1.0 a) b) (* 0.5 (/ PI b)))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (a <= -2.7e-46) {
tmp = (-0.5 * ((((double) M_PI) / a) / b)) / (b - a);
} else {
tmp = ((1.0 / a) / b) * (0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / b));
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (a <= -2.7e-46) {
tmp = (-0.5 * ((Math.PI / a) / b)) / (b - a);
} else {
tmp = ((1.0 / a) / b) * (0.5 * (Math.PI / b));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b): tmp = 0 if a <= -2.7e-46: tmp = (-0.5 * ((math.pi / a) / b)) / (b - a) else: tmp = ((1.0 / a) / b) * (0.5 * (math.pi / b)) return tmp
function code(a, b) tmp = 0.0 if (a <= -2.7e-46) tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(Float64(pi / a) / b)) / Float64(b - a)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) / b) * Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / b))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b) tmp = 0.0; if (a <= -2.7e-46) tmp = (-0.5 * ((pi / a) / b)) / (b - a); else tmp = ((1.0 / a) / b) * (0.5 * (pi / b)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -2.7e-46], N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -2.7 \cdot 10^{-46}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b}}{b - a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b} \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if a < -2.7e-46Initial program 77.9%
un-div-inv77.8%
difference-of-squares89.2%
associate-/r*91.4%
div-inv91.4%
metadata-eval91.4%
Applied egg-rr91.4%
associate-*l/99.7%
associate-/l*99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 91.4%
associate-/r*91.4%
Simplified91.4%
if -2.7e-46 < a Initial program 78.1%
un-div-inv78.1%
difference-of-squares86.6%
associate-/r*87.4%
div-inv87.4%
metadata-eval87.4%
Applied egg-rr87.4%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
associate-/l*99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 73.9%
Final simplification79.3%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ (* 0.5 PI) (+ a b)) (/ 1.0 (* a b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return ((0.5 * ((double) M_PI)) / (a + b)) * (1.0 / (a * b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return ((0.5 * Math.PI) / (a + b)) * (1.0 / (a * b));
}
def code(a, b): return ((0.5 * math.pi) / (a + b)) * (1.0 / (a * b))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(0.5 * pi) / Float64(a + b)) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(a * b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((0.5 * pi) / (a + b)) * (1.0 / (a * b)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(0.5 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}
\end{array}
Initial program 78.0%
un-div-inv78.0%
difference-of-squares87.4%
associate-/r*88.6%
div-inv88.6%
metadata-eval88.6%
Applied egg-rr88.6%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
associate-/l*99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ (* 0.5 PI) (+ a b)) (/ (/ 1.0 a) b)))
double code(double a, double b) {
return ((0.5 * ((double) M_PI)) / (a + b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return ((0.5 * Math.PI) / (a + b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b);
}
def code(a, b): return ((0.5 * math.pi) / (a + b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b)
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(0.5 * pi) / Float64(a + b)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((0.5 * pi) / (a + b)) * ((1.0 / a) / b); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(0.5 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 78.0%
un-div-inv78.0%
difference-of-squares87.4%
associate-/r*88.6%
div-inv88.6%
metadata-eval88.6%
Applied egg-rr88.6%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
associate-/l*99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ (/ 1.0 a) b) (* 0.5 (/ PI a))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return ((1.0 / a) / b) * (0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / a));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return ((1.0 / a) / b) * (0.5 * (Math.PI / a));
}
def code(a, b): return ((1.0 / a) / b) * (0.5 * (math.pi / a))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) / b) * Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / a))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((1.0 / a) / b) * (0.5 * (pi / a)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b} \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 78.0%
un-div-inv78.0%
difference-of-squares87.4%
associate-/r*88.6%
div-inv88.6%
metadata-eval88.6%
Applied egg-rr88.6%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
associate-/l*99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 62.2%
Final simplification62.2%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ (* 0.5 PI) (* (+ a b) (* a b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return (0.5 * ((double) M_PI)) / ((a + b) * (a * b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return (0.5 * Math.PI) / ((a + b) * (a * b));
}
def code(a, b): return (0.5 * math.pi) / ((a + b) * (a * b))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(0.5 * pi) / Float64(Float64(a + b) * Float64(a * b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = (0.5 * pi) / ((a + b) * (a * b)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(0.5 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 78.0%
un-div-inv78.0%
difference-of-squares87.4%
associate-/r*88.6%
div-inv88.6%
metadata-eval88.6%
Applied egg-rr88.6%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-/l*99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
associate-/l*99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
Simplified99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
associate-/l/99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
frac-times99.1%
*-un-lft-identity99.1%
+-commutative99.1%
Applied egg-rr99.1%
Final simplification99.1%
herbie shell --seed 2024071
(FPCore (a b)
:name "NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B"
:precision binary64
(* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))