
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (exp (- x)))) (/ (- (exp x) t_0) (+ (exp x) t_0))))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = exp(-x);
return (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = exp(-x)
code = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.exp(-x);
return (Math.exp(x) - t_0) / (Math.exp(x) + t_0);
}
def code(x): t_0 = math.exp(-x) return (math.exp(x) - t_0) / (math.exp(x) + t_0)
function code(x) t_0 = exp(Float64(-x)) return Float64(Float64(exp(x) - t_0) / Float64(exp(x) + t_0)) end
function tmp = code(x) t_0 = exp(-x); tmp = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0); end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Exp[(-x)], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{-x}\\
\frac{e^{x} - t\_0}{e^{x} + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 4 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (exp (- x)))) (/ (- (exp x) t_0) (+ (exp x) t_0))))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = exp(-x);
return (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = exp(-x)
code = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.exp(-x);
return (Math.exp(x) - t_0) / (Math.exp(x) + t_0);
}
def code(x): t_0 = math.exp(-x) return (math.exp(x) - t_0) / (math.exp(x) + t_0)
function code(x) t_0 = exp(Float64(-x)) return Float64(Float64(exp(x) - t_0) / Float64(exp(x) + t_0)) end
function tmp = code(x) t_0 = exp(-x); tmp = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0); end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Exp[(-x)], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{-x}\\
\frac{e^{x} - t\_0}{e^{x} + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (* x (+ 2.0 (* 0.3333333333333333 (pow x 2.0)))) (+ 2.0 (* (pow x 2.0) (+ 1.0 (* (pow x 2.0) 0.08333333333333333))))))
double code(double x) {
return (x * (2.0 + (0.3333333333333333 * pow(x, 2.0)))) / (2.0 + (pow(x, 2.0) * (1.0 + (pow(x, 2.0) * 0.08333333333333333))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x * (2.0d0 + (0.3333333333333333d0 * (x ** 2.0d0)))) / (2.0d0 + ((x ** 2.0d0) * (1.0d0 + ((x ** 2.0d0) * 0.08333333333333333d0))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (x * (2.0 + (0.3333333333333333 * Math.pow(x, 2.0)))) / (2.0 + (Math.pow(x, 2.0) * (1.0 + (Math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.08333333333333333))));
}
def code(x): return (x * (2.0 + (0.3333333333333333 * math.pow(x, 2.0)))) / (2.0 + (math.pow(x, 2.0) * (1.0 + (math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.08333333333333333))))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(x * Float64(2.0 + Float64(0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 2.0)))) / Float64(2.0 + Float64((x ^ 2.0) * Float64(1.0 + Float64((x ^ 2.0) * 0.08333333333333333))))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x * (2.0 + (0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 2.0)))) / (2.0 + ((x ^ 2.0) * (1.0 + ((x ^ 2.0) * 0.08333333333333333)))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x * N[(2.0 + N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 + N[(N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x \cdot \left(2 + 0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{2}\right)}{2 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 9.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.5%
*-commutative97.5%
Simplified97.5%
Final simplification97.5%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (* x (+ 2.0 (* 0.3333333333333333 (pow x 2.0)))) (fma x x 2.0)))
double code(double x) {
return (x * (2.0 + (0.3333333333333333 * pow(x, 2.0)))) / fma(x, x, 2.0);
}
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(x * Float64(2.0 + Float64(0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 2.0)))) / fma(x, x, 2.0)) end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x * N[(2.0 + N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x * x + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x \cdot \left(2 + 0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{2}\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 2\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 9.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.5%
+-commutative97.5%
unpow297.5%
fma-define97.5%
Simplified97.5%
Final simplification97.5%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ x (* -0.3333333333333333 (pow x 3.0))))
double code(double x) {
return x + (-0.3333333333333333 * pow(x, 3.0));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x + ((-0.3333333333333333d0) * (x ** 3.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x + (-0.3333333333333333 * Math.pow(x, 3.0));
}
def code(x): return x + (-0.3333333333333333 * math.pow(x, 3.0))
function code(x) return Float64(x + Float64(-0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 3.0))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x + (-0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 3.0)); end
code[x_] := N[(x + N[(-0.3333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x + -0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3}
\end{array}
Initial program 9.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.2%
distribute-rgt-in97.2%
*-lft-identity97.2%
associate-*r*97.2%
unpow297.2%
unpow397.2%
Simplified97.2%
Final simplification97.2%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 x)
double code(double x) {
return x;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x;
}
def code(x): return x
function code(x) return x end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x; end
code[x_] := x
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x
\end{array}
Initial program 9.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 96.8%
Final simplification96.8%
herbie shell --seed 2024069
(FPCore (x)
:name "Hyperbolic tangent"
:precision binary64
(/ (- (exp x) (exp (- x))) (+ (exp x) (exp (- x)))))