
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(/
(fma
-2.0
(* (pow a 2.0) (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 4.0)))
(-
(-
(* 2.0 (/ (* (* (pow c 4.0) (pow a 3.0)) -2.5) (pow b 6.0)))
(* a (pow (/ (- c) b) 2.0)))
c))
b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(-2.0, (pow(a, 2.0) * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 4.0))), (((2.0 * (((pow(c, 4.0) * pow(a, 3.0)) * -2.5) / pow(b, 6.0))) - (a * pow((-c / b), 2.0))) - c)) / b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(-2.0, Float64((a ^ 2.0) * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 4.0))), Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64((c ^ 4.0) * (a ^ 3.0)) * -2.5) / (b ^ 6.0))) - Float64(a * (Float64(Float64(-c) / b) ^ 2.0))) - c)) / b) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[a, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -2.5), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[Power[N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}}, \left(2 \cdot \frac{\left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{3}\right) \cdot -2.5}{{b}^{6}} - a \cdot {\left(\frac{-c}{b}\right)}^{2}\right) - c\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
Simplified15.4%
add-sqr-sqrt16.0%
pow216.0%
pow1/216.0%
sqrt-pow116.0%
pow216.0%
metadata-eval16.0%
Applied egg-rr16.0%
pow-pow15.4%
metadata-eval15.4%
pow1/215.4%
flip--15.4%
add-sqr-sqrt15.8%
unpow215.8%
Applied egg-rr15.8%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 97.0%
Simplified97.0%
Final simplification97.0%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(-
(*
a
(-
(*
a
(fma
-2.0
(/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 5.0))
(* (* a (* (/ (pow c 4.0) (pow b 7.0)) 20.0)) -0.25)))
(/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0))))
(/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * fma(-2.0, (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 5.0)), ((a * ((pow(c, 4.0) / pow(b, 7.0)) * 20.0)) * -0.25))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(a * fma(-2.0, Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0)), Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64((c ^ 4.0) / (b ^ 7.0)) * 20.0)) * -0.25))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(a * N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a * N[(N[(N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 20.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -0.25), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(a \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}}, \left(a \cdot \left(\frac{{c}^{4}}{{b}^{7}} \cdot 20\right)\right) \cdot -0.25\right) - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.0%
+-commutative97.0%
mul-1-neg97.0%
unsub-neg97.0%
Simplified97.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 97.0%
Final simplification97.0%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(*
c
(fma
c
(-
(*
c
(fma
-2.0
(/ (pow a 2.0) (pow b 5.0))
(* 2.0 (* c (* -2.5 (/ (pow a 3.0) (pow b 7.0)))))))
(/ a (pow b 3.0)))
(/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * fma(c, ((c * fma(-2.0, (pow(a, 2.0) / pow(b, 5.0)), (2.0 * (c * (-2.5 * (pow(a, 3.0) / pow(b, 7.0))))))) - (a / pow(b, 3.0))), (-1.0 / b));
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * fma(c, Float64(Float64(c * fma(-2.0, Float64((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0)), Float64(2.0 * Float64(c * Float64(-2.5 * Float64((a ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 7.0))))))) - Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0))), Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(2.0 * N[(c * N[(-2.5 * N[(N[Power[a, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(c, c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}, 2 \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-2.5 \cdot \frac{{a}^{3}}{{b}^{7}}\right)\right)\right) - \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}, \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
Simplified15.4%
add-sqr-sqrt16.0%
pow216.0%
pow1/216.0%
sqrt-pow116.0%
pow216.0%
metadata-eval16.0%
Applied egg-rr16.0%
pow-pow15.4%
metadata-eval15.4%
pow1/215.4%
flip--15.4%
add-sqr-sqrt15.8%
unpow215.8%
Applied egg-rr15.8%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.6%
fma-neg96.6%
Simplified96.6%
Final simplification96.6%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- (- (/ (* -2.0 (* (pow a 2.0) (pow c 3.0))) (pow b 4.0)) c) (* a (pow (/ (- c) b) 2.0))) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((((-2.0 * (pow(a, 2.0) * pow(c, 3.0))) / pow(b, 4.0)) - c) - (a * pow((-c / b), 2.0))) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (((((-2.0d0) * ((a ** 2.0d0) * (c ** 3.0d0))) / (b ** 4.0d0)) - c) - (a * ((-c / b) ** 2.0d0))) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((((-2.0 * (Math.pow(a, 2.0) * Math.pow(c, 3.0))) / Math.pow(b, 4.0)) - c) - (a * Math.pow((-c / b), 2.0))) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return ((((-2.0 * (math.pow(a, 2.0) * math.pow(c, 3.0))) / math.pow(b, 4.0)) - c) - (a * math.pow((-c / b), 2.0))) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0))) / (b ^ 4.0)) - c) - Float64(a * (Float64(Float64(-c) / b) ^ 2.0))) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((((-2.0 * ((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0))) / (b ^ 4.0)) - c) - (a * ((-c / b) ^ 2.0))) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - c), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[Power[N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(\frac{-2 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}\right)}{{b}^{4}} - c\right) - a \cdot {\left(\frac{-c}{b}\right)}^{2}}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
Simplified15.4%
add-sqr-sqrt16.0%
pow216.0%
pow1/216.0%
sqrt-pow116.0%
pow216.0%
metadata-eval16.0%
Applied egg-rr16.0%
fma-undefine16.0%
Applied egg-rr16.0%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 96.3%
Simplified96.3%
Final simplification96.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* a (- (* -2.0 (* a (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 5.0)))) (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((-2.0 * (a * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 5.0)))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * (((-2.0d0) * (a * ((c ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0)))) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((-2.0 * (a * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0)))) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((-2.0 * (a * (math.pow(c, 3.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0)))) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(a * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0)))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((-2.0 * (a * ((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0)))) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(a * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}}\right) - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 96.3%
+-commutative96.3%
mul-1-neg96.3%
unsub-neg96.3%
mul-1-neg96.3%
unsub-neg96.3%
associate-/l*96.3%
Simplified96.3%
Final simplification96.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (+ (* c (- (* -2.0 (/ (* (pow a 2.0) c) (pow b 5.0))) (/ a (pow b 3.0)))) (/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((pow(a, 2.0) * c) / pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((c * (((-2.0d0) * (((a ** 2.0d0) * c) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - (a / (b ** 3.0d0)))) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((Math.pow(a, 2.0) * c) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((math.pow(a, 2.0) * c) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * c) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((c * ((-2.0 * (((a ^ 2.0) * c) / (b ^ 5.0))) - (a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot c}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.9%
Final simplification95.9%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- (* a (- (pow (/ (- c) b) 2.0))) c) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((a * -pow((-c / b), 2.0)) - c) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((a * -((-c / b) ** 2.0d0)) - c) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((a * -Math.pow((-c / b), 2.0)) - c) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return ((a * -math.pow((-c / b), 2.0)) - c) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(a * Float64(-(Float64(Float64(-c) / b) ^ 2.0))) - c) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((a * -((-c / b) ^ 2.0)) - c) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(a * (-N[Power[N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision] - c), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{a \cdot \left(-{\left(\frac{-c}{b}\right)}^{2}\right) - c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 94.6%
associate-*r/94.6%
neg-mul-194.6%
distribute-rgt-neg-in94.6%
Simplified94.6%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 94.6%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 95.0%
Simplified95.0%
Final simplification95.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- c) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -c / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = -c / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -c / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return -c / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(-c) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = -c / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 91.5%
associate-*r/91.5%
mul-1-neg91.5%
Simplified91.5%
Final simplification91.5%
herbie shell --seed 2024068
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))