
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))))) (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
real(8), intent (in) :: c0
real(8), intent (in) :: w
real(8), intent (in) :: h
real(8), intent (in) :: d
real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
real(8), intent (in) :: m
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = (c0 * (d_1 * d_1)) / ((w * h) * (d * d))
code = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))))
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M): t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D)) return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M) t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D))) return Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))))) end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M) t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D)); tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M)))); end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 3 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))))) (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
real(8), intent (in) :: c0
real(8), intent (in) :: w
real(8), intent (in) :: h
real(8), intent (in) :: d
real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
real(8), intent (in) :: m
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = (c0 * (d_1 * d_1)) / ((w * h) * (d * d))
code = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))))
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M): t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D)) return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M) t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D))) return Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))))) end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M) t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D)); tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M)))); end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (pow (/ d D) 2.0)) (* w h)))
(t_1 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
(if (<=
(* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_1 (sqrt (- (* t_1 t_1) (* M M)))))
INFINITY)
(* c0 (/ (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (pow t_0 2.0) (pow M 2.0)))) (* 2.0 w)))
(* c0 (/ 0.0 (* 2.0 w))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
double t_0 = (c0 * pow((d / D), 2.0)) / (w * h);
double t_1 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
double tmp;
if (((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_1 + sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))))) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
tmp = c0 * ((t_0 + sqrt((pow(t_0, 2.0) - pow(M, 2.0)))) / (2.0 * w));
} else {
tmp = c0 * (0.0 / (2.0 * w));
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
double t_0 = (c0 * Math.pow((d / D), 2.0)) / (w * h);
double t_1 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
double tmp;
if (((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_1 + Math.sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))))) <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
tmp = c0 * ((t_0 + Math.sqrt((Math.pow(t_0, 2.0) - Math.pow(M, 2.0)))) / (2.0 * w));
} else {
tmp = c0 * (0.0 / (2.0 * w));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M): t_0 = (c0 * math.pow((d / D), 2.0)) / (w * h) t_1 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D)) tmp = 0 if ((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_1 + math.sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))))) <= math.inf: tmp = c0 * ((t_0 + math.sqrt((math.pow(t_0, 2.0) - math.pow(M, 2.0)))) / (2.0 * w)) else: tmp = c0 * (0.0 / (2.0 * w)) return tmp
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M) t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * (Float64(d / D) ^ 2.0)) / Float64(w * h)) t_1 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D))) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_1 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_1 * t_1) - Float64(M * M))))) <= Inf) tmp = Float64(c0 * Float64(Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64((t_0 ^ 2.0) - (M ^ 2.0)))) / Float64(2.0 * w))); else tmp = Float64(c0 * Float64(0.0 / Float64(2.0 * w))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M) t_0 = (c0 * ((d / D) ^ 2.0)) / (w * h); t_1 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D)); tmp = 0.0; if (((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_1 + sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))))) <= Inf) tmp = c0 * ((t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 ^ 2.0) - (M ^ 2.0)))) / (2.0 * w)); else tmp = c0 * (0.0 / (2.0 * w)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[Power[N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$1 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(c0 * N[(N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[t$95$0, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[M, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(c0 * N[(0.0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{w \cdot h}\\
t_1 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_1 + \sqrt{t\_1 \cdot t\_1 - M \cdot M}\right) \leq \infty:\\
\;\;\;\;c0 \cdot \frac{t\_0 + \sqrt{{t\_0}^{2} - {M}^{2}}}{2 \cdot w}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;c0 \cdot \frac{0}{2 \cdot w}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0Initial program 75.5%
Simplified78.8%
fma-undefine81.4%
associate-*r/81.4%
*-commutative81.4%
associate-*r*80.0%
associate-*r*78.1%
associate-/l*76.8%
frac-times76.9%
associate-*l/78.0%
times-frac79.9%
pow279.9%
Applied egg-rr83.5%
if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) Initial program 0.0%
Simplified27.4%
add-cbrt-cube25.4%
pow1/313.1%
pow313.1%
*-commutative13.1%
associate-*r*13.9%
associate-*r*10.8%
associate-*l*13.1%
pow213.1%
Applied egg-rr13.1%
pow-pow24.9%
metadata-eval24.9%
pow124.9%
associate-/r*21.4%
Applied egg-rr21.4%
Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf 1.3%
distribute-lft-in0.7%
mul-1-neg0.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in0.7%
associate-/l*0.1%
mul-1-neg0.1%
associate-/l*0.1%
distribute-lft1-in0.1%
metadata-eval0.1%
mul0-lft43.1%
metadata-eval43.1%
Simplified43.1%
Final simplification55.3%
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (* (/ c0 (* w h)) (* (/ d D) (/ d D))))
(t_1 (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)))
(t_2 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
(if (<= (* t_1 (+ t_2 (sqrt (- (* t_2 t_2) (* M M))))) INFINITY)
(* t_1 (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))
(* c0 (/ 0.0 (* 2.0 w))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
double t_0 = (c0 / (w * h)) * ((d / D) * (d / D));
double t_1 = c0 / (2.0 * w);
double t_2 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
double tmp;
if ((t_1 * (t_2 + sqrt(((t_2 * t_2) - (M * M))))) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
tmp = t_1 * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
} else {
tmp = c0 * (0.0 / (2.0 * w));
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
double t_0 = (c0 / (w * h)) * ((d / D) * (d / D));
double t_1 = c0 / (2.0 * w);
double t_2 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
double tmp;
if ((t_1 * (t_2 + Math.sqrt(((t_2 * t_2) - (M * M))))) <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
tmp = t_1 * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
} else {
tmp = c0 * (0.0 / (2.0 * w));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M): t_0 = (c0 / (w * h)) * ((d / D) * (d / D)) t_1 = c0 / (2.0 * w) t_2 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D)) tmp = 0 if (t_1 * (t_2 + math.sqrt(((t_2 * t_2) - (M * M))))) <= math.inf: tmp = t_1 * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M)))) else: tmp = c0 * (0.0 / (2.0 * w)) return tmp
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M) t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(w * h)) * Float64(Float64(d / D) * Float64(d / D))) t_1 = Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) t_2 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D))) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(t_1 * Float64(t_2 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_2 * t_2) - Float64(M * M))))) <= Inf) tmp = Float64(t_1 * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))))); else tmp = Float64(c0 * Float64(0.0 / Float64(2.0 * w))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M) t_0 = (c0 / (w * h)) * ((d / D) * (d / D)); t_1 = c0 / (2.0 * w); t_2 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D)); tmp = 0.0; if ((t_1 * (t_2 + sqrt(((t_2 * t_2) - (M * M))))) <= Inf) tmp = t_1 * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M)))); else tmp = c0 * (0.0 / (2.0 * w)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 / N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$1 * N[(t$95$2 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$2 * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(t$95$1 * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(c0 * N[(0.0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right)\\
t_1 := \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w}\\
t_2 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \cdot \left(t\_2 + \sqrt{t\_2 \cdot t\_2 - M \cdot M}\right) \leq \infty:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1 \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;c0 \cdot \frac{0}{2 \cdot w}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0Initial program 75.5%
Simplified76.5%
times-frac76.7%
Applied egg-rr76.7%
times-frac76.7%
Applied egg-rr76.8%
times-frac76.7%
Applied egg-rr80.0%
if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) Initial program 0.0%
Simplified27.4%
add-cbrt-cube25.4%
pow1/313.1%
pow313.1%
*-commutative13.1%
associate-*r*13.9%
associate-*r*10.8%
associate-*l*13.1%
pow213.1%
Applied egg-rr13.1%
pow-pow24.9%
metadata-eval24.9%
pow124.9%
associate-/r*21.4%
Applied egg-rr21.4%
Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf 1.3%
distribute-lft-in0.7%
mul-1-neg0.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in0.7%
associate-/l*0.1%
mul-1-neg0.1%
associate-/l*0.1%
distribute-lft1-in0.1%
metadata-eval0.1%
mul0-lft43.1%
metadata-eval43.1%
Simplified43.1%
Final simplification54.2%
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M) :precision binary64 (* c0 (/ 0.0 (* 2.0 w))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
return c0 * (0.0 / (2.0 * w));
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
real(8), intent (in) :: c0
real(8), intent (in) :: w
real(8), intent (in) :: h
real(8), intent (in) :: d
real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
real(8), intent (in) :: m
code = c0 * (0.0d0 / (2.0d0 * w))
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
return c0 * (0.0 / (2.0 * w));
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M): return c0 * (0.0 / (2.0 * w))
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M) return Float64(c0 * Float64(0.0 / Float64(2.0 * w))) end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M) tmp = c0 * (0.0 / (2.0 * w)); end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := N[(c0 * N[(0.0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c0 \cdot \frac{0}{2 \cdot w}
\end{array}
Initial program 22.7%
Simplified42.8%
add-cbrt-cube40.1%
pow1/319.5%
pow319.5%
*-commutative19.5%
associate-*r*20.1%
associate-*r*17.4%
associate-*l*19.4%
pow219.4%
Applied egg-rr19.4%
pow-pow40.5%
metadata-eval40.5%
pow140.5%
associate-/r*37.7%
Applied egg-rr37.7%
Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf 2.8%
distribute-lft-in2.3%
mul-1-neg2.3%
distribute-rgt-neg-in2.3%
associate-/l*2.3%
mul-1-neg2.3%
associate-/l*1.9%
distribute-lft1-in1.9%
metadata-eval1.9%
mul0-lft32.3%
metadata-eval32.3%
Simplified32.3%
Final simplification32.3%
herbie shell --seed 2024067
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
:name "Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (13)"
:precision binary64
(* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))) (sqrt (- (* (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))) (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))) (* M M))))))