
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(-
(*
a
(-
(*
a
(+
(* -2.0 (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 5.0)))
(* -0.25 (* a (* (/ (pow c 4.0) (pow b 7.0)) 20.0)))))
(/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0))))
(/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.25 * (a * ((pow(c, 4.0) / pow(b, 7.0)) * 20.0))))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * ((a * (((-2.0d0) * ((c ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + ((-0.25d0) * (a * (((c ** 4.0d0) / (b ** 7.0d0)) * 20.0d0))))) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.25 * (a * ((Math.pow(c, 4.0) / Math.pow(b, 7.0)) * 20.0))))) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (math.pow(c, 3.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.25 * (a * ((math.pow(c, 4.0) / math.pow(b, 7.0)) * 20.0))))) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(-0.25 * Float64(a * Float64(Float64((c ^ 4.0) / (b ^ 7.0)) * 20.0))))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * ((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + (-0.25 * (a * (((c ^ 4.0) / (b ^ 7.0)) * 20.0))))) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(a * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.25 * N[(a * N[(N[(N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 20.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(\frac{{c}^{4}}{{b}^{7}} \cdot 20\right)\right)\right) - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 30.2%
*-commutative30.2%
Simplified30.2%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 96.0%
pow196.0%
distribute-rgt-out96.0%
div-inv96.0%
pow-flip96.0%
metadata-eval96.0%
metadata-eval96.0%
Applied egg-rr96.0%
unpow196.0%
*-commutative96.0%
associate-*l*96.0%
associate-*l*96.0%
*-commutative96.0%
Simplified96.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.0%
*-commutative96.0%
associate-/l*96.0%
associate-*l*96.0%
Simplified96.0%
Final simplification96.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* (pow c 3.0) (- (* -2.0 (/ (pow a 2.0) (pow b 5.0))) (/ (/ a (pow b 3.0)) c))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (pow(c, 3.0) * ((-2.0 * (pow(a, 2.0) / pow(b, 5.0))) - ((a / pow(b, 3.0)) / c))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((c ** 3.0d0) * (((-2.0d0) * ((a ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - ((a / (b ** 3.0d0)) / c))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (Math.pow(c, 3.0) * ((-2.0 * (Math.pow(a, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - ((a / Math.pow(b, 3.0)) / c))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (math.pow(c, 3.0) * ((-2.0 * (math.pow(a, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - ((a / math.pow(b, 3.0)) / c))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64((c ^ 3.0) * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64(Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)) / c))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((c ^ 3.0) * ((-2.0 * ((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) - ((a / (b ^ 3.0)) / c))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{c}^{3} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{\frac{a}{{b}^{3}}}{c}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 30.2%
*-commutative30.2%
Simplified30.2%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 94.7%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 94.7%
mul-1-neg94.7%
unsub-neg94.7%
associate-/r*94.7%
Simplified94.7%
Final simplification94.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (/ -1.0 b) (* a (- (/ c (pow b 3.0)) (* (* a -2.0) (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 5.0))))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * ((c / pow(b, 3.0)) - ((a * -2.0) * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 5.0))))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-1.0d0) / b) - (a * ((c / (b ** 3.0d0)) - ((a * (-2.0d0)) * ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * ((c / Math.pow(b, 3.0)) - ((a * -2.0) * (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))))));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * ((c / math.pow(b, 3.0)) - ((a * -2.0) * (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))))))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 / b) - Float64(a * Float64(Float64(c / (b ^ 3.0)) - Float64(Float64(a * -2.0) * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0))))))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * ((c / (b ^ 3.0)) - ((a * -2.0) * ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0)))))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(N[(c / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b} - a \cdot \left(\frac{c}{{b}^{3}} - \left(a \cdot -2\right) \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 30.2%
*-commutative30.2%
Simplified30.2%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 94.3%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 94.3%
mul-1-neg94.3%
unsub-neg94.3%
associate-/l*94.3%
associate-*r*94.3%
Simplified94.3%
Final simplification94.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (/ (- c) b) (* a (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-c / b) - (a * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-c / b) - (a * ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-c / b) - (a * (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-c / b) - (a * (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-c) / b) - Float64(a * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-c / b) - (a * ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-c}{b} - a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}
\end{array}
Initial program 30.2%
*-commutative30.2%
Simplified30.2%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 92.0%
mul-1-neg92.0%
unsub-neg92.0%
mul-1-neg92.0%
distribute-neg-frac292.0%
associate-/l*92.0%
Simplified92.0%
Final simplification92.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (/ -1.0 b) (* (* c a) (pow b -3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((c * a) * pow(b, -3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-1.0d0) / b) - ((c * a) * (b ** (-3.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((c * a) * Math.pow(b, -3.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((c * a) * math.pow(b, -3.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 / b) - Float64(Float64(c * a) * (b ^ -3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-1.0 / b) - ((c * a) * (b ^ -3.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[b, -3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b} - \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot {b}^{-3}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 30.2%
*-commutative30.2%
Simplified30.2%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 91.7%
associate-*r/91.7%
neg-mul-191.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in91.7%
Simplified91.7%
div-inv91.7%
*-un-lft-identity91.7%
prod-diff91.7%
pow-flip91.7%
metadata-eval91.7%
Applied egg-rr91.7%
+-commutative91.7%
fma-undefine91.7%
*-rgt-identity91.7%
associate-+r+91.7%
Simplified91.7%
Final simplification91.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (/ (- -1.0 (/ (* c a) (pow b 2.0))) b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 - ((c * a) / pow(b, 2.0))) / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-1.0d0) - ((c * a) / (b ** 2.0d0))) / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 - ((c * a) / Math.pow(b, 2.0))) / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-1.0 - ((c * a) / math.pow(b, 2.0))) / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 - Float64(Float64(c * a) / (b ^ 2.0))) / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-1.0 - ((c * a) / (b ^ 2.0))) / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 - N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \frac{-1 - \frac{c \cdot a}{{b}^{2}}}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 30.2%
*-commutative30.2%
Simplified30.2%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 91.7%
associate-*r/91.7%
neg-mul-191.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in91.7%
Simplified91.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 91.8%
Final simplification91.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (fma a (* (/ c b) (/ c b)) c) (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(a, ((c / b) * (c / b)), c) / -b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(a, Float64(Float64(c / b) * Float64(c / b)), c) / Float64(-b)) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + c), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, \frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}, c\right)}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 30.2%
*-commutative30.2%
Simplified30.2%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 91.7%
associate-*r/91.7%
neg-mul-191.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in91.7%
Simplified91.7%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 91.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 92.0%
fma-define92.0%
mul-1-neg92.0%
fma-neg92.0%
associate-*r/92.0%
unpow392.0%
unpow292.0%
associate-/r*92.0%
div-sub92.0%
unsub-neg92.0%
mul-1-neg92.0%
distribute-lft-out92.0%
associate-*r/92.0%
mul-1-neg92.0%
distribute-neg-frac292.0%
Simplified92.0%
unpow292.0%
Applied egg-rr92.0%
Final simplification92.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 30.2%
*-commutative30.2%
Simplified30.2%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 82.3%
associate-*r/82.3%
mul-1-neg82.3%
Simplified82.3%
Final simplification82.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(a, b, c): return 0.0
function code(a, b, c) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 30.2%
*-commutative30.2%
Simplified30.2%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 91.7%
associate-*r/91.7%
neg-mul-191.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in91.7%
Simplified91.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 82.1%
expm1-log1p-u71.7%
expm1-undefine31.9%
Applied egg-rr31.9%
sub-neg31.9%
metadata-eval31.9%
+-commutative31.9%
log1p-undefine31.9%
rem-exp-log42.2%
associate-*r/42.2%
*-commutative42.2%
associate-*r/42.2%
mul-1-neg42.2%
unsub-neg42.2%
Simplified42.2%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 3.2%
Final simplification3.2%
herbie shell --seed 2024067
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, medium range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 a) (< a 9007199254740992.0)) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 b) (< b 9007199254740992.0))) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 c) (< c 9007199254740992.0)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))