
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (- (log (+ N 1.0)) (log N)))
double code(double N) {
return log((N + 1.0)) - log(N);
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = log((n + 1.0d0)) - log(n)
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return Math.log((N + 1.0)) - Math.log(N);
}
def code(N): return math.log((N + 1.0)) - math.log(N)
function code(N) return Float64(log(Float64(N + 1.0)) - log(N)) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = log((N + 1.0)) - log(N); end
code[N_] := N[(N[Log[N[(N + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[N], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(N + 1\right) - \log N
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (- (log (+ N 1.0)) (log N)))
double code(double N) {
return log((N + 1.0)) - log(N);
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = log((n + 1.0d0)) - log(n)
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return Math.log((N + 1.0)) - Math.log(N);
}
def code(N): return math.log((N + 1.0)) - math.log(N)
function code(N) return Float64(log(Float64(N + 1.0)) - log(N)) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = log((N + 1.0)) - log(N); end
code[N_] := N[(N[Log[N[(N + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[N], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(N + 1\right) - \log N
\end{array}
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (if (<= (- (log (+ N 1.0)) (log N)) 0.0006) (/ (+ 1.0 (/ (+ (/ (+ 0.3333333333333333 (/ -0.25 N)) N) -0.5) N)) N) (- (log (/ N (+ N 1.0))))))
double code(double N) {
double tmp;
if ((log((N + 1.0)) - log(N)) <= 0.0006) {
tmp = (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) / N)) / N;
} else {
tmp = -log((N / (N + 1.0)));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
real(8) :: tmp
if ((log((n + 1.0d0)) - log(n)) <= 0.0006d0) then
tmp = (1.0d0 + ((((0.3333333333333333d0 + ((-0.25d0) / n)) / n) + (-0.5d0)) / n)) / n
else
tmp = -log((n / (n + 1.0d0)))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double N) {
double tmp;
if ((Math.log((N + 1.0)) - Math.log(N)) <= 0.0006) {
tmp = (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) / N)) / N;
} else {
tmp = -Math.log((N / (N + 1.0)));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(N): tmp = 0 if (math.log((N + 1.0)) - math.log(N)) <= 0.0006: tmp = (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) / N)) / N else: tmp = -math.log((N / (N + 1.0))) return tmp
function code(N) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(log(Float64(N + 1.0)) - log(N)) <= 0.0006) tmp = Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 + Float64(-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) / N)) / N); else tmp = Float64(-log(Float64(N / Float64(N + 1.0)))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(N) tmp = 0.0; if ((log((N + 1.0)) - log(N)) <= 0.0006) tmp = (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) / N)) / N; else tmp = -log((N / (N + 1.0))); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[N_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[Log[N[(N + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[N], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.0006], N[(N[(1.0 + N[(N[(N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 + N[(-0.25 / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision] + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision], (-N[Log[N[(N / N[(N + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision])]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\log \left(N + 1\right) - \log N \leq 0.0006:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{0.3333333333333333 + \frac{-0.25}{N}}{N} + -0.5}{N}}{N}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-\log \left(\frac{N}{N + 1}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (-.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 N #s(literal 1 binary64))) (log.f64 N)) < 5.99999999999999947e-4Initial program 18.5%
+-commutative18.5%
log1p-define18.5%
Simplified18.5%
Taylor expanded in N around -inf 99.8%
mul-1-neg99.8%
distribute-neg-frac299.8%
Simplified99.8%
Taylor expanded in N around inf 99.7%
Simplified99.8%
if 5.99999999999999947e-4 < (-.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 N #s(literal 1 binary64))) (log.f64 N)) Initial program 91.0%
+-commutative91.0%
log1p-define91.1%
Simplified91.1%
add-log-exp91.0%
log1p-expm1-u91.0%
log1p-undefine91.0%
diff-log90.8%
log1p-undefine90.8%
rem-exp-log91.4%
+-commutative91.4%
add-exp-log91.3%
log1p-undefine91.3%
log1p-expm1-u91.3%
add-exp-log93.8%
Applied egg-rr93.8%
clear-num93.7%
log-div94.5%
metadata-eval94.5%
Applied egg-rr94.5%
neg-sub094.5%
Simplified94.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (if (<= N 1350.0) (log (/ (+ N 1.0) N)) (/ (+ 1.0 (/ (+ (/ (+ 0.3333333333333333 (/ -0.25 N)) N) -0.5) N)) N)))
double code(double N) {
double tmp;
if (N <= 1350.0) {
tmp = log(((N + 1.0) / N));
} else {
tmp = (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) / N)) / N;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
real(8) :: tmp
if (n <= 1350.0d0) then
tmp = log(((n + 1.0d0) / n))
else
tmp = (1.0d0 + ((((0.3333333333333333d0 + ((-0.25d0) / n)) / n) + (-0.5d0)) / n)) / n
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double N) {
double tmp;
if (N <= 1350.0) {
tmp = Math.log(((N + 1.0) / N));
} else {
tmp = (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) / N)) / N;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(N): tmp = 0 if N <= 1350.0: tmp = math.log(((N + 1.0) / N)) else: tmp = (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) / N)) / N return tmp
function code(N) tmp = 0.0 if (N <= 1350.0) tmp = log(Float64(Float64(N + 1.0) / N)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 + Float64(-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) / N)) / N); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(N) tmp = 0.0; if (N <= 1350.0) tmp = log(((N + 1.0) / N)); else tmp = (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) / N)) / N; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[N_] := If[LessEqual[N, 1350.0], N[Log[N[(N[(N + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.0 + N[(N[(N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 + N[(-0.25 / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision] + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;N \leq 1350:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{N + 1}{N}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{0.3333333333333333 + \frac{-0.25}{N}}{N} + -0.5}{N}}{N}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if N < 1350Initial program 91.6%
+-commutative91.6%
log1p-define91.7%
Simplified91.7%
add-log-exp91.6%
log1p-expm1-u91.6%
log1p-undefine91.6%
diff-log91.3%
log1p-undefine91.3%
rem-exp-log91.9%
+-commutative91.9%
add-exp-log91.8%
log1p-undefine91.8%
log1p-expm1-u91.8%
add-exp-log94.5%
Applied egg-rr94.5%
if 1350 < N Initial program 18.8%
+-commutative18.8%
log1p-define18.8%
Simplified18.8%
Taylor expanded in N around -inf 99.7%
mul-1-neg99.7%
distribute-neg-frac299.7%
Simplified99.7%
Taylor expanded in N around inf 99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ (+ 1.0 (* (+ (/ (+ 0.3333333333333333 (/ -0.25 N)) N) -0.5) (/ 1.0 N))) N))
double code(double N) {
return (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) * (1.0 / N))) / N;
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = (1.0d0 + ((((0.3333333333333333d0 + ((-0.25d0) / n)) / n) + (-0.5d0)) * (1.0d0 / n))) / n
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) * (1.0 / N))) / N;
}
def code(N): return (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) * (1.0 / N))) / N
function code(N) return Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 + Float64(-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) * Float64(1.0 / N))) / N) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) * (1.0 / N))) / N; end
code[N_] := N[(N[(1.0 + N[(N[(N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 + N[(-0.25 / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision] + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1 + \left(\frac{0.3333333333333333 + \frac{-0.25}{N}}{N} + -0.5\right) \cdot \frac{1}{N}}{N}
\end{array}
Initial program 22.4%
+-commutative22.4%
log1p-define22.5%
Simplified22.5%
Taylor expanded in N around -inf 97.4%
mul-1-neg97.4%
distribute-neg-frac297.4%
Simplified97.4%
Taylor expanded in N around inf 97.3%
Simplified97.4%
div-inv97.4%
Applied egg-rr97.4%
Final simplification97.4%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ (+ 1.0 (/ (+ (/ (+ 0.3333333333333333 (/ -0.25 N)) N) -0.5) N)) N))
double code(double N) {
return (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) / N)) / N;
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = (1.0d0 + ((((0.3333333333333333d0 + ((-0.25d0) / n)) / n) + (-0.5d0)) / n)) / n
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) / N)) / N;
}
def code(N): return (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) / N)) / N
function code(N) return Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 + Float64(-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) / N)) / N) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = (1.0 + ((((0.3333333333333333 + (-0.25 / N)) / N) + -0.5) / N)) / N; end
code[N_] := N[(N[(1.0 + N[(N[(N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 + N[(-0.25 / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision] + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1 + \frac{\frac{0.3333333333333333 + \frac{-0.25}{N}}{N} + -0.5}{N}}{N}
\end{array}
Initial program 22.4%
+-commutative22.4%
log1p-define22.5%
Simplified22.5%
Taylor expanded in N around -inf 97.4%
mul-1-neg97.4%
distribute-neg-frac297.4%
Simplified97.4%
Taylor expanded in N around inf 97.3%
Simplified97.4%
Final simplification97.4%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (/ N (+ 1.0 (/ (+ -0.5 (/ 0.3333333333333333 N)) N)))))
double code(double N) {
return 1.0 / (N / (1.0 + ((-0.5 + (0.3333333333333333 / N)) / N)));
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = 1.0d0 / (n / (1.0d0 + (((-0.5d0) + (0.3333333333333333d0 / n)) / n)))
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return 1.0 / (N / (1.0 + ((-0.5 + (0.3333333333333333 / N)) / N)));
}
def code(N): return 1.0 / (N / (1.0 + ((-0.5 + (0.3333333333333333 / N)) / N)))
function code(N) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(N / Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(-0.5 + Float64(0.3333333333333333 / N)) / N)))) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = 1.0 / (N / (1.0 + ((-0.5 + (0.3333333333333333 / N)) / N))); end
code[N_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N / N[(1.0 + N[(N[(-0.5 + N[(0.3333333333333333 / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\frac{N}{1 + \frac{-0.5 + \frac{0.3333333333333333}{N}}{N}}}
\end{array}
Initial program 22.4%
+-commutative22.4%
log1p-define22.5%
Simplified22.5%
Taylor expanded in N around inf 96.3%
associate--l+96.3%
unpow296.3%
associate-/r*96.3%
metadata-eval96.3%
associate-*r/96.3%
associate-*r/96.3%
metadata-eval96.3%
div-sub96.3%
sub-neg96.3%
metadata-eval96.3%
+-commutative96.3%
associate-*r/96.3%
metadata-eval96.3%
Simplified96.3%
clear-num96.4%
inv-pow96.4%
Applied egg-rr96.4%
unpow-196.4%
Applied egg-rr96.4%
Final simplification96.4%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ (+ 1.0 (/ (+ -0.5 (/ 0.3333333333333333 N)) N)) N))
double code(double N) {
return (1.0 + ((-0.5 + (0.3333333333333333 / N)) / N)) / N;
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = (1.0d0 + (((-0.5d0) + (0.3333333333333333d0 / n)) / n)) / n
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return (1.0 + ((-0.5 + (0.3333333333333333 / N)) / N)) / N;
}
def code(N): return (1.0 + ((-0.5 + (0.3333333333333333 / N)) / N)) / N
function code(N) return Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(-0.5 + Float64(0.3333333333333333 / N)) / N)) / N) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = (1.0 + ((-0.5 + (0.3333333333333333 / N)) / N)) / N; end
code[N_] := N[(N[(1.0 + N[(N[(-0.5 + N[(0.3333333333333333 / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1 + \frac{-0.5 + \frac{0.3333333333333333}{N}}{N}}{N}
\end{array}
Initial program 22.4%
+-commutative22.4%
log1p-define22.5%
Simplified22.5%
Taylor expanded in N around inf 96.3%
associate--l+96.3%
unpow296.3%
associate-/r*96.3%
metadata-eval96.3%
associate-*r/96.3%
associate-*r/96.3%
metadata-eval96.3%
div-sub96.3%
sub-neg96.3%
metadata-eval96.3%
+-commutative96.3%
associate-*r/96.3%
metadata-eval96.3%
Simplified96.3%
Final simplification96.3%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ (- 1.0 (/ 0.5 N)) N))
double code(double N) {
return (1.0 - (0.5 / N)) / N;
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = (1.0d0 - (0.5d0 / n)) / n
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return (1.0 - (0.5 / N)) / N;
}
def code(N): return (1.0 - (0.5 / N)) / N
function code(N) return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(0.5 / N)) / N) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = (1.0 - (0.5 / N)) / N; end
code[N_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(0.5 / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1 - \frac{0.5}{N}}{N}
\end{array}
Initial program 22.4%
+-commutative22.4%
log1p-define22.5%
Simplified22.5%
Taylor expanded in N around inf 93.9%
associate-*r/93.9%
metadata-eval93.9%
Simplified93.9%
Final simplification93.9%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 N))
double code(double N) {
return 1.0 / N;
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = 1.0d0 / n
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return 1.0 / N;
}
def code(N): return 1.0 / N
function code(N) return Float64(1.0 / N) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = 1.0 / N; end
code[N_] := N[(1.0 / N), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{N}
\end{array}
Initial program 22.4%
+-commutative22.4%
log1p-define22.5%
Simplified22.5%
Taylor expanded in N around inf 85.6%
Final simplification85.6%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double N) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(N): return 0.0
function code(N) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = 0.0; end
code[N_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 22.4%
+-commutative22.4%
log1p-define22.5%
Simplified22.5%
sub-neg22.5%
+-commutative22.5%
add-sqr-sqrt22.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in22.7%
fma-define24.5%
Applied egg-rr24.5%
Taylor expanded in N around inf 3.3%
distribute-rgt1-in3.3%
metadata-eval3.3%
mul0-lft3.3%
Simplified3.3%
Final simplification3.3%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (log1p (/ 1.0 N)))
double code(double N) {
return log1p((1.0 / N));
}
public static double code(double N) {
return Math.log1p((1.0 / N));
}
def code(N): return math.log1p((1.0 / N))
function code(N) return log1p(Float64(1.0 / N)) end
code[N_] := N[Log[1 + N[(1.0 / N), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{N}\right)
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024067
(FPCore (N)
:name "2log (problem 3.3.6)"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (> N 1.0) (< N 1e+40))
:alt
(log1p (/ 1.0 N))
(- (log (+ N 1.0)) (log N)))