
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(-
(*
a
(-
(*
(pow c 4.0)
(+ (* -5.0 (/ (pow a 2.0) (pow b 7.0))) (* -2.0 (/ a (* c (pow b 5.0))))))
(/ (* c c) (pow b 3.0))))
(/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((pow(c, 4.0) * ((-5.0 * (pow(a, 2.0) / pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * pow(b, 5.0)))))) - ((c * c) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * (((c ** 4.0d0) * (((-5.0d0) * ((a ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 7.0d0))) + ((-2.0d0) * (a / (c * (b ** 5.0d0)))))) - ((c * c) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((Math.pow(c, 4.0) * ((-5.0 * (Math.pow(a, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * Math.pow(b, 5.0)))))) - ((c * c) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((math.pow(c, 4.0) * ((-5.0 * (math.pow(a, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * math.pow(b, 5.0)))))) - ((c * c) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64((c ^ 4.0) * Float64(Float64(-5.0 * Float64((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 7.0))) + Float64(-2.0 * Float64(a / Float64(c * (b ^ 5.0)))))) - Float64(Float64(c * c) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * (((c ^ 4.0) * ((-5.0 * ((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * (b ^ 5.0)))))) - ((c * c) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 * N[(a / N[(c * N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot \left(-5 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{7}} + -2 \cdot \frac{a}{c \cdot {b}^{5}}\right) - \frac{c \cdot c}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.7%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 97.7%
associate-*r/97.7%
Simplified97.7%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 97.7%
unpow297.7%
Applied egg-rr97.7%
Final simplification97.7%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(/
(+
c
(+
(* 2.0 (/ (* (pow a 2.0) (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 4.0)))
(/ (* a (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 2.0))))
(- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c + ((2.0 * ((pow(a, 2.0) * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 4.0))) + ((a * pow(c, 2.0)) / pow(b, 2.0)))) / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c + ((2.0d0 * (((a ** 2.0d0) * (c ** 3.0d0)) / (b ** 4.0d0))) + ((a * (c ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 2.0d0)))) / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c + ((2.0 * ((Math.pow(a, 2.0) * Math.pow(c, 3.0)) / Math.pow(b, 4.0))) + ((a * Math.pow(c, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 2.0)))) / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c + ((2.0 * ((math.pow(a, 2.0) * math.pow(c, 3.0)) / math.pow(b, 4.0))) + ((a * math.pow(c, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 2.0)))) / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c + Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 4.0))) + Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 2.0)))) / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c + ((2.0 * (((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 4.0))) + ((a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 2.0)))) / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c + N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c + \left(2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} + \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\right)}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.7%
Taylor expanded in b around -inf 97.0%
Final simplification97.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (+ (/ (- (* -2.0 (* (pow a 2.0) (pow (/ c b) 2.0))) (* c a)) (pow b 3.0)) (/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((((-2.0 * (pow(a, 2.0) * pow((c / b), 2.0))) - (c * a)) / pow(b, 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((((-2.0d0) * ((a ** 2.0d0) * ((c / b) ** 2.0d0))) - (c * a)) / (b ** 3.0d0)) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((((-2.0 * (Math.pow(a, 2.0) * Math.pow((c / b), 2.0))) - (c * a)) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((((-2.0 * (math.pow(a, 2.0) * math.pow((c / b), 2.0))) - (c * a)) / math.pow(b, 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64((a ^ 2.0) * (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0))) - Float64(c * a)) / (b ^ 3.0)) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((((-2.0 * ((a ^ 2.0) * ((c / b) ^ 2.0))) - (c * a)) / (b ^ 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-2 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}\right) - c \cdot a}{{b}^{3}} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 96.7%
mul-1-neg96.7%
unsub-neg96.7%
associate-/l*96.7%
unpow296.7%
unpow296.7%
times-frac96.7%
unpow296.7%
Simplified96.7%
Final simplification96.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* a (- (* -2.0 (/ (* a (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 5.0))) (/ (* c c) (pow b 3.0)))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) - ((c * c) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * (((-2.0d0) * ((a * (c ** 3.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - ((c * c) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * Math.pow(c, 3.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - ((c * c) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * math.pow(c, 3.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - ((c * c) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64(Float64(c * c) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - ((c * c) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{c \cdot c}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.0%
unpow297.7%
Applied egg-rr97.0%
Final simplification97.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (/ -1.0 b) (* a (/ c (pow b 3.0))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / pow(b, 3.0))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-1.0d0) / b) - (a * (c / (b ** 3.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / Math.pow(b, 3.0))));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / math.pow(b, 3.0))))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 / b) - Float64(a * Float64(c / (b ^ 3.0))))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / (b ^ 3.0)))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(c / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b} - a \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{3}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 95.8%
mul-1-neg95.8%
unsub-neg95.8%
mul-1-neg95.8%
associate-/l*95.8%
Simplified95.8%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.5%
sub-neg95.5%
distribute-neg-frac95.5%
metadata-eval95.5%
+-commutative95.5%
mul-1-neg95.5%
unsub-neg95.5%
associate-/l*95.5%
Simplified95.5%
Final simplification95.5%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ c (* a (pow (/ (- c) b) 2.0))) (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c + (a * pow((-c / b), 2.0))) / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c + (a * ((-c / b) ** 2.0d0))) / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c + (a * Math.pow((-c / b), 2.0))) / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c + (a * math.pow((-c / b), 2.0))) / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c + Float64(a * (Float64(Float64(-c) / b) ^ 2.0))) / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c + (a * ((-c / b) ^ 2.0))) / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c + N[(a * N[Power[N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c + a \cdot {\left(\frac{-c}{b}\right)}^{2}}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 95.8%
mul-1-neg95.8%
unsub-neg95.8%
mul-1-neg95.8%
associate-/l*95.8%
Simplified95.8%
unpow297.7%
Applied egg-rr95.8%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.8%
Simplified95.8%
Final simplification95.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 90.8%
associate-*r/90.8%
mul-1-neg90.8%
Simplified90.8%
Final simplification90.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(a, b, c): return 0.0
function code(a, b, c) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 17.1%
*-commutative17.1%
Simplified17.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 90.4%
expm1-log1p-u80.7%
expm1-undefine20.0%
associate-/l*20.0%
associate-/l*20.0%
Applied egg-rr20.0%
sub-neg20.0%
metadata-eval20.0%
+-commutative20.0%
log1p-undefine20.0%
rem-exp-log29.8%
associate-*r/29.8%
*-commutative29.8%
times-frac29.8%
metadata-eval29.8%
associate-*r/29.7%
associate-/l/29.7%
*-commutative29.7%
associate-*l/29.7%
neg-mul-129.7%
unsub-neg29.7%
associate-*l/29.7%
*-commutative29.7%
associate-/l/29.7%
associate-*r/29.8%
Simplified29.8%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 3.3%
Final simplification3.3%
herbie shell --seed 2024066
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))