
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(-
(*
a
(-
(*
(pow c 4.0)
(+ (* -5.0 (/ (pow a 2.0) (pow b 7.0))) (* -2.0 (/ a (* c (pow b 5.0))))))
(/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0))))
(/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((pow(c, 4.0) * ((-5.0 * (pow(a, 2.0) / pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * pow(b, 5.0)))))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * (((c ** 4.0d0) * (((-5.0d0) * ((a ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 7.0d0))) + ((-2.0d0) * (a / (c * (b ** 5.0d0)))))) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((Math.pow(c, 4.0) * ((-5.0 * (Math.pow(a, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * Math.pow(b, 5.0)))))) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((math.pow(c, 4.0) * ((-5.0 * (math.pow(a, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * math.pow(b, 5.0)))))) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64((c ^ 4.0) * Float64(Float64(-5.0 * Float64((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 7.0))) + Float64(-2.0 * Float64(a / Float64(c * (b ^ 5.0)))))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * (((c ^ 4.0) * ((-5.0 * ((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (a / (c * (b ^ 5.0)))))) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 * N[(a / N[(c * N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot \left(-5 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{7}} + -2 \cdot \frac{a}{c \cdot {b}^{5}}\right) - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 32.7%
*-commutative32.7%
Simplified32.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 94.7%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 94.7%
Final simplification94.7%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(*
c
(+
(*
c
(fma
-1.0
(/ a (pow b 3.0))
(*
(pow a 3.0)
(+
(* -5.0 (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 7.0)))
(* -2.0 (/ c (* a (pow b 5.0))))))))
(/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * fma(-1.0, (a / pow(b, 3.0)), (pow(a, 3.0) * ((-5.0 * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (c / (a * pow(b, 5.0)))))))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * fma(-1.0, Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)), Float64((a ^ 3.0) * Float64(Float64(-5.0 * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 7.0))) + Float64(-2.0 * Float64(c / Float64(a * (b ^ 5.0)))))))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(-1.0 * N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Power[a, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 * N[(c / N[(a * N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}, {a}^{3} \cdot \left(-5 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{7}} + -2 \cdot \frac{c}{a \cdot {b}^{5}}\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 32.7%
*-commutative32.7%
Simplified32.7%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 94.5%
Simplified94.5%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 94.5%
Final simplification94.5%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- (- (* (* (pow a 2.0) -2.0) (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 4.0))) c) (/ (* a (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 2.0))) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((((pow(a, 2.0) * -2.0) * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 4.0))) - c) - ((a * pow(c, 2.0)) / pow(b, 2.0))) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (((((a ** 2.0d0) * (-2.0d0)) * ((c ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 4.0d0))) - c) - ((a * (c ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 2.0d0))) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((((Math.pow(a, 2.0) * -2.0) * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 4.0))) - c) - ((a * Math.pow(c, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 2.0))) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return ((((math.pow(a, 2.0) * -2.0) * (math.pow(c, 3.0) / math.pow(b, 4.0))) - c) - ((a * math.pow(c, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 2.0))) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * -2.0) * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 4.0))) - c) - Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 2.0))) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (((((a ^ 2.0) * -2.0) * ((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 4.0))) - c) - ((a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 2.0))) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - c), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(\left({a}^{2} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} - c\right) - \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 32.7%
*-commutative32.7%
Simplified32.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 93.4%
associate-+r+93.4%
mul-1-neg93.4%
unsub-neg93.4%
mul-1-neg93.4%
unsub-neg93.4%
associate-/l*93.4%
associate-*r*93.4%
Simplified93.4%
Final simplification93.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* (pow c 3.0) (- (* -2.0 (/ (pow a 2.0) (pow b 5.0))) (/ (/ a c) (pow b 3.0)))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (pow(c, 3.0) * ((-2.0 * (pow(a, 2.0) / pow(b, 5.0))) - ((a / c) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((c ** 3.0d0) * (((-2.0d0) * ((a ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - ((a / c) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (Math.pow(c, 3.0) * ((-2.0 * (Math.pow(a, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - ((a / c) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (math.pow(c, 3.0) * ((-2.0 * (math.pow(a, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - ((a / c) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64((c ^ 3.0) * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64(Float64(a / c) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((c ^ 3.0) * ((-2.0 * ((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) - ((a / c) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a / c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{c}^{3} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{\frac{a}{c}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 32.7%
*-commutative32.7%
Simplified32.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 94.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 93.4%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 93.4%
mul-1-neg93.4%
unsub-neg93.4%
*-commutative93.4%
associate-/r*93.4%
Simplified93.4%
Final simplification93.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (+ (* c (- (* -2.0 (/ (* c (pow a 2.0)) (pow b 5.0))) (/ a (pow b 3.0)))) (/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * pow(a, 2.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((c * (((-2.0d0) * ((c * (a ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - (a / (b ** 3.0d0)))) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * Math.pow(a, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * math.pow(a, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64(c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - (a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(c * N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{c \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 32.7%
*-commutative32.7%
Simplified32.7%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 93.2%
Final simplification93.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (/ -1.0 b) (* a (/ c (pow b 3.0))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / pow(b, 3.0))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-1.0d0) / b) - (a * (c / (b ** 3.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / Math.pow(b, 3.0))));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / math.pow(b, 3.0))))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 / b) - Float64(a * Float64(c / (b ^ 3.0))))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / (b ^ 3.0)))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(c / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b} - a \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{3}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 32.7%
*-commutative32.7%
Simplified32.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 90.2%
mul-1-neg90.2%
unsub-neg90.2%
mul-1-neg90.2%
distribute-neg-frac290.2%
associate-/l*90.2%
Simplified90.2%
Taylor expanded in a around -inf 89.9%
mul-1-neg89.9%
*-commutative89.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in89.9%
sub-neg89.9%
associate-/r*89.9%
mul-1-neg89.9%
remove-double-neg89.9%
Simplified89.9%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 90.1%
sub-neg90.1%
distribute-neg-frac90.1%
metadata-eval90.1%
+-commutative90.1%
mul-1-neg90.1%
unsub-neg90.1%
associate-/l*90.1%
Simplified90.1%
Final simplification90.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ c (* a (pow (/ c (- b)) 2.0))) (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c + (a * pow((c / -b), 2.0))) / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c + (a * ((c / -b) ** 2.0d0))) / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c + (a * Math.pow((c / -b), 2.0))) / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c + (a * math.pow((c / -b), 2.0))) / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c + Float64(a * (Float64(c / Float64(-b)) ^ 2.0))) / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c + (a * ((c / -b) ^ 2.0))) / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c + N[(a * N[Power[N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c + a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{-b}\right)}^{2}}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 32.7%
*-commutative32.7%
Simplified32.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 90.2%
mul-1-neg90.2%
unsub-neg90.2%
mul-1-neg90.2%
distribute-neg-frac290.2%
associate-/l*90.2%
Simplified90.2%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 90.2%
mul-1-neg90.2%
unsub-neg90.2%
mul-1-neg90.2%
associate-/l*90.2%
unpow290.2%
unpow290.2%
times-frac90.2%
sqr-neg90.2%
distribute-frac-neg290.2%
distribute-frac-neg290.2%
unpow290.2%
Simplified90.2%
Final simplification90.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 32.7%
*-commutative32.7%
Simplified32.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 80.8%
associate-*r/80.8%
mul-1-neg80.8%
Simplified80.8%
Final simplification80.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ 0.0 a))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0 / a;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 0.0d0 / a
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0 / a;
}
def code(a, b, c): return 0.0 / a
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(0.0 / a) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 / a; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(0.0 / a), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0}{a}
\end{array}
Initial program 32.7%
*-commutative32.7%
Simplified32.7%
add-sqr-sqrt32.7%
difference-of-squares32.8%
associate-*l*32.8%
sqrt-prod32.8%
metadata-eval32.8%
associate-*l*32.8%
sqrt-prod32.8%
metadata-eval32.8%
Applied egg-rr32.8%
*-commutative32.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv32.8%
metadata-eval32.8%
Simplified32.8%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 3.2%
associate-*r/3.2%
distribute-rgt-out3.2%
*-commutative3.2%
metadata-eval3.2%
mul0-rgt3.2%
metadata-eval3.2%
Simplified3.2%
Final simplification3.2%
herbie shell --seed 2024066
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, medium range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 a) (< a 9007199254740992.0)) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 b) (< b 9007199254740992.0))) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 c) (< c 9007199254740992.0)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))