
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (- x (sin x)) (tan x)))
double code(double x) {
return (x - sin(x)) / tan(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (x - Math.sin(x)) / Math.tan(x);
}
def code(x): return (x - math.sin(x)) / math.tan(x)
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(x - sin(x)) / tan(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - \sin x}{\tan x}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (- x (sin x)) (tan x)))
double code(double x) {
return (x - sin(x)) / tan(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (x - Math.sin(x)) / Math.tan(x);
}
def code(x): return (x - math.sin(x)) / math.tan(x)
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(x - sin(x)) / tan(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - \sin x}{\tan x}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(+
(* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 4.0))
(+
(* -0.0007275132275132275 (pow x 6.0))
(+
(* -0.00023644179894179894 (pow x 8.0))
(* (sqrt 0.16666666666666666) (* x (* x (sqrt 0.16666666666666666))))))))
double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * pow(x, 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * pow(x, 8.0)) + (sqrt(0.16666666666666666) * (x * (x * sqrt(0.16666666666666666))))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((-0.06388888888888888d0) * (x ** 4.0d0)) + (((-0.0007275132275132275d0) * (x ** 6.0d0)) + (((-0.00023644179894179894d0) * (x ** 8.0d0)) + (sqrt(0.16666666666666666d0) * (x * (x * sqrt(0.16666666666666666d0))))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * Math.pow(x, 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * Math.pow(x, 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * Math.pow(x, 8.0)) + (Math.sqrt(0.16666666666666666) * (x * (x * Math.sqrt(0.16666666666666666))))));
}
def code(x): return (-0.06388888888888888 * math.pow(x, 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * math.pow(x, 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * math.pow(x, 8.0)) + (math.sqrt(0.16666666666666666) * (x * (x * math.sqrt(0.16666666666666666))))))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + Float64(Float64(-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + Float64(Float64(-0.00023644179894179894 * (x ^ 8.0)) + Float64(sqrt(0.16666666666666666) * Float64(x * Float64(x * sqrt(0.16666666666666666))))))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * (x ^ 8.0)) + (sqrt(0.16666666666666666) * (x * (x * sqrt(0.16666666666666666)))))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.0007275132275132275 * N[Power[x, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.00023644179894179894 * N[Power[x, 8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Sqrt[0.16666666666666666], $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * N[(x * N[Sqrt[0.16666666666666666], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{4} + \left(-0.0007275132275132275 \cdot {x}^{6} + \left(-0.00023644179894179894 \cdot {x}^{8} + \sqrt{0.16666666666666666} \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \sqrt{0.16666666666666666}\right)\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 54.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
add-sqr-sqrt99.5%
pow299.5%
*-commutative99.5%
sqrt-prod99.6%
unpow299.6%
sqrt-prod43.5%
add-sqr-sqrt99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
unpow299.6%
associate-*r*99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(+
(* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 4.0))
(+
(* -0.0007275132275132275 (pow x 6.0))
(+
(* -0.00023644179894179894 (pow x 8.0))
(* x (* x 0.16666666666666666))))))
double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * pow(x, 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * pow(x, 8.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((-0.06388888888888888d0) * (x ** 4.0d0)) + (((-0.0007275132275132275d0) * (x ** 6.0d0)) + (((-0.00023644179894179894d0) * (x ** 8.0d0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666d0))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * Math.pow(x, 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * Math.pow(x, 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * Math.pow(x, 8.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666))));
}
def code(x): return (-0.06388888888888888 * math.pow(x, 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * math.pow(x, 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * math.pow(x, 8.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666))))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + Float64(Float64(-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + Float64(Float64(-0.00023644179894179894 * (x ^ 8.0)) + Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666))))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * (x ^ 8.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.0007275132275132275 * N[Power[x, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.00023644179894179894 * N[Power[x, 8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{4} + \left(-0.0007275132275132275 \cdot {x}^{6} + \left(-0.00023644179894179894 \cdot {x}^{8} + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 54.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
add-sqr-sqrt99.5%
pow299.5%
*-commutative99.5%
sqrt-prod99.6%
unpow299.6%
sqrt-prod43.5%
add-sqr-sqrt99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
unpow-prod-down99.7%
unpow299.7%
associate-*r*99.7%
pow1/299.7%
pow-pow99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (fma 0.16666666666666666 (pow x 2.0) (* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 4.0))))
double code(double x) {
return fma(0.16666666666666666, pow(x, 2.0), (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 4.0)));
}
function code(x) return fma(0.16666666666666666, (x ^ 2.0), Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0))) end
code[x_] := N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, {x}^{2}, -0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 54.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.4%
+-commutative99.4%
fma-define99.4%
Simplified99.4%
Final simplification99.4%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 4.0)) (* 0.16666666666666666 (pow x 2.0))))
double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 4.0)) + (0.16666666666666666 * pow(x, 2.0));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((-0.06388888888888888d0) * (x ** 4.0d0)) + (0.16666666666666666d0 * (x ** 2.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * Math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (0.16666666666666666 * Math.pow(x, 2.0));
}
def code(x): return (-0.06388888888888888 * math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (0.16666666666666666 * math.pow(x, 2.0))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + Float64(0.16666666666666666 * (x ^ 2.0))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + (0.16666666666666666 * (x ^ 2.0)); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{4} + 0.16666666666666666 \cdot {x}^{2}
\end{array}
Initial program 54.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.4%
Final simplification99.4%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* (/ (pow x 2.0) 6.0) (/ x (tan x))))
double code(double x) {
return (pow(x, 2.0) / 6.0) * (x / tan(x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((x ** 2.0d0) / 6.0d0) * (x / tan(x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (Math.pow(x, 2.0) / 6.0) * (x / Math.tan(x));
}
def code(x): return (math.pow(x, 2.0) / 6.0) * (x / math.tan(x))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64((x ^ 2.0) / 6.0) * Float64(x / tan(x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = ((x ^ 2.0) / 6.0) * (x / tan(x)); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / 6.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x / N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{{x}^{2}}{6} \cdot \frac{x}{\tan x}
\end{array}
Initial program 54.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 85.3%
clear-num85.3%
inv-pow85.3%
*-un-lft-identity85.3%
metadata-eval85.3%
times-frac85.4%
metadata-eval85.4%
metadata-eval85.4%
Applied egg-rr85.4%
unpow-185.4%
associate-*r/85.4%
Simplified85.4%
clear-num85.4%
unpow385.4%
unpow285.4%
times-frac98.9%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* x (+ (* x 0.16666666666666666) (* -0.05555555555555555 (pow x 3.0)))))
double code(double x) {
return x * ((x * 0.16666666666666666) + (-0.05555555555555555 * pow(x, 3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x * ((x * 0.16666666666666666d0) + ((-0.05555555555555555d0) * (x ** 3.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x * ((x * 0.16666666666666666) + (-0.05555555555555555 * Math.pow(x, 3.0)));
}
def code(x): return x * ((x * 0.16666666666666666) + (-0.05555555555555555 * math.pow(x, 3.0)))
function code(x) return Float64(x * Float64(Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666) + Float64(-0.05555555555555555 * (x ^ 3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x * ((x * 0.16666666666666666) + (-0.05555555555555555 * (x ^ 3.0))); end
code[x_] := N[(x * N[(N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.05555555555555555 * N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666 + -0.05555555555555555 \cdot {x}^{3}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 54.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 85.3%
clear-num85.3%
inv-pow85.3%
*-un-lft-identity85.3%
metadata-eval85.3%
times-frac85.4%
metadata-eval85.4%
metadata-eval85.4%
Applied egg-rr85.4%
unpow-185.4%
associate-*r/85.4%
Simplified85.4%
associate-/r/85.4%
unpow385.4%
unpow285.4%
associate-*r*98.7%
associate-/r*98.7%
metadata-eval98.7%
Applied egg-rr98.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (+ 2.0 (/ (/ 6.0 x) x))))
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (2.0 + ((6.0 / x) / x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0 / (2.0d0 + ((6.0d0 / x) / x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (2.0 + ((6.0 / x) / x));
}
def code(x): return 1.0 / (2.0 + ((6.0 / x) / x))
function code(x) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(2.0 + Float64(Float64(6.0 / x) / x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0 / (2.0 + ((6.0 / x) / x)); end
code[x_] := N[(1.0 / N[(2.0 + N[(N[(6.0 / x), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{2 + \frac{\frac{6}{x}}{x}}
\end{array}
Initial program 54.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 85.3%
clear-num85.3%
inv-pow85.3%
*-un-lft-identity85.3%
metadata-eval85.3%
times-frac85.4%
metadata-eval85.4%
metadata-eval85.4%
Applied egg-rr85.4%
unpow-185.4%
associate-*r/85.4%
Simplified85.4%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.6%
un-div-inv98.7%
unpow298.7%
associate-/r*98.7%
Applied egg-rr98.7%
Final simplification98.7%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* x (* x 0.16666666666666666)))
double code(double x) {
return x * (x * 0.16666666666666666);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x * (x * 0.16666666666666666d0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x * (x * 0.16666666666666666);
}
def code(x): return x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)
function code(x) return Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x * (x * 0.16666666666666666); end
code[x_] := N[(x * N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 54.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 85.3%
clear-num85.3%
inv-pow85.3%
*-un-lft-identity85.3%
metadata-eval85.3%
times-frac85.4%
metadata-eval85.4%
metadata-eval85.4%
Applied egg-rr85.4%
unpow-185.4%
associate-*r/85.4%
Simplified85.4%
associate-/r/85.4%
unpow385.4%
unpow285.4%
associate-*r*98.7%
associate-/r*98.7%
metadata-eval98.7%
Applied egg-rr98.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.6%
*-commutative98.6%
Simplified98.6%
Final simplification98.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 0.5)
double code(double x) {
return 0.5;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.5d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.5;
}
def code(x): return 0.5
function code(x) return 0.5 end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.5; end
code[x_] := 0.5
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.5
\end{array}
Initial program 54.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 85.3%
clear-num85.3%
inv-pow85.3%
*-un-lft-identity85.3%
metadata-eval85.3%
times-frac85.4%
metadata-eval85.4%
metadata-eval85.4%
Applied egg-rr85.4%
unpow-185.4%
associate-*r/85.4%
Simplified85.4%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.6%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 4.3%
Final simplification4.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 0.16666666666666666 (* x x)))
double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.16666666666666666d0 * (x * x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x);
}
def code(x): return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)
function code(x) return Float64(0.16666666666666666 * Float64(x * x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x); end
code[x_] := N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024062
(FPCore (x)
:name "ENA, Section 1.4, Exercise 4a"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (<= -1.0 x) (<= x 1.0))
:herbie-target
(* 0.16666666666666666 (* x x))
(/ (- x (sin x)) (tan x)))