
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y): t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y) return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y; tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0); end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 4 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y): t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y) return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y; tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0); end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y)
:precision binary64
(if (<= (* x x) 1e-291)
-1.0
(if (<= (* x x) 1e+243)
(/ (fma (* y -4.0) y (* x x)) (+ (* x x) (* y (* y 4.0))))
1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x * x) <= 1e-291) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else if ((x * x) <= 1e+243) {
tmp = fma((y * -4.0), y, (x * x)) / ((x * x) + (y * (y * 4.0)));
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(x * x) <= 1e-291) tmp = -1.0; elseif (Float64(x * x) <= 1e+243) tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(y * -4.0), y, Float64(x * x)) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + Float64(y * Float64(y * 4.0)))); else tmp = 1.0; end return tmp end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision], 1e-291], -1.0, If[LessEqual[N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision], 1e+243], N[(N[(N[(y * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(y * N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.0]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \cdot x \leq 10^{-291}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \cdot x \leq 10^{+243}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot -4, y, x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x + y \cdot \left(y \cdot 4\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (*.f64 x x) < 9.99999999999999962e-292Initial program 50.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 93.2%
if 9.99999999999999962e-292 < (*.f64 x x) < 1.0000000000000001e243Initial program 77.8%
sub-neg77.8%
+-commutative77.8%
distribute-lft-neg-in77.8%
fma-define77.8%
distribute-rgt-neg-in77.8%
metadata-eval77.8%
pow277.8%
Applied egg-rr77.8%
pow277.8%
Applied egg-rr77.8%
if 1.0000000000000001e243 < (*.f64 x x) Initial program 15.1%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 86.5%
Final simplification84.2%
(FPCore (x y)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (* y (* y 4.0))))
(if (<= (* x x) 1.05e-290)
-1.0
(if (<= (* x x) 2.4e+246) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0)) 1.0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = y * (y * 4.0);
double tmp;
if ((x * x) <= 1.05e-290) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else if ((x * x) <= 2.4e+246) {
tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = y * (y * 4.0d0)
if ((x * x) <= 1.05d-290) then
tmp = -1.0d0
else if ((x * x) <= 2.4d+246) then
tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
else
tmp = 1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = y * (y * 4.0);
double tmp;
if ((x * x) <= 1.05e-290) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else if ((x * x) <= 2.4e+246) {
tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): t_0 = y * (y * 4.0) tmp = 0 if (x * x) <= 1.05e-290: tmp = -1.0 elif (x * x) <= 2.4e+246: tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0) else: tmp = 1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(y * Float64(y * 4.0)) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(x * x) <= 1.05e-290) tmp = -1.0; elseif (Float64(x * x) <= 2.4e+246) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0)); else tmp = 1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) t_0 = y * (y * 4.0); tmp = 0.0; if ((x * x) <= 1.05e-290) tmp = -1.0; elseif ((x * x) <= 2.4e+246) tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0); else tmp = 1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(y * N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision], 1.05e-290], -1.0, If[LessEqual[N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision], 2.4e+246], N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.0]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := y \cdot \left(y \cdot 4\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;x \cdot x \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{-290}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \cdot x \leq 2.4 \cdot 10^{+246}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (*.f64 x x) < 1.0500000000000001e-290Initial program 50.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 93.2%
if 1.0500000000000001e-290 < (*.f64 x x) < 2.4e246Initial program 77.8%
if 2.4e246 < (*.f64 x x) Initial program 15.1%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 86.5%
Final simplification84.2%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 2.7e-33) -1.0 1.0))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 2.7e-33) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 2.7d-33) then
tmp = -1.0d0
else
tmp = 1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 2.7e-33) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= 2.7e-33: tmp = -1.0 else: tmp = 1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 2.7e-33) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = 1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 2.7e-33) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = 1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, 2.7e-33], -1.0, 1.0]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 2.7 \cdot 10^{-33}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < 2.7000000000000001e-33Initial program 54.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 59.9%
if 2.7000000000000001e-33 < x Initial program 49.3%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 73.7%
Final simplification63.7%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 -1.0)
double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = -1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
def code(x, y): return -1.0
function code(x, y) return -1.0 end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = -1.0; end
code[x_, y_] := -1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-1
\end{array}
Initial program 52.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 50.9%
Final simplification50.9%
(FPCore (x y)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (* (* y y) 4.0))
(t_1 (+ (* x x) t_0))
(t_2 (/ t_0 t_1))
(t_3 (* (* y 4.0) y)))
(if (< (/ (- (* x x) t_3) (+ (* x x) t_3)) 0.9743233849626781)
(- (/ (* x x) t_1) t_2)
(- (pow (/ x (sqrt t_1)) 2.0) t_2))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
double tmp;
if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
} else {
tmp = pow((x / sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: t_1
real(8) :: t_2
real(8) :: t_3
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0d0
t_1 = (x * x) + t_0
t_2 = t_0 / t_1
t_3 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781d0) then
tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2
else
tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ** 2.0d0) - t_2
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
double tmp;
if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
} else {
tmp = Math.pow((x / Math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0 t_1 = (x * x) + t_0 t_2 = t_0 / t_1 t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y tmp = 0 if (((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781: tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2 else: tmp = math.pow((x / math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2 return tmp
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * y) * 4.0) t_1 = Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0) t_2 = Float64(t_0 / t_1) t_3 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_3) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) / t_1) - t_2); else tmp = Float64((Float64(x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0; t_1 = (x * x) + t_0; t_2 = t_0 / t_1; t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y; tmp = 0.0; if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2; else tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$0 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.9743233849626781], N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[N[(x / N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot 4\\
t_1 := x \cdot x + t\_0\\
t_2 := \frac{t\_0}{t\_1}\\
t_3 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_3}{x \cdot x + t\_3} < 0.9743233849626781:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x}{t\_1} - t\_2\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{t\_1}}\right)}^{2} - t\_2\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024060
(FPCore (x y)
:name "Diagrams.TwoD.Arc:arcBetween from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3"
:precision binary64
:alt
(if (< (/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y))) 0.9743233849626781) (- (/ (* x x) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4.0))) (/ (* (* y y) 4.0) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4.0)))) (- (pow (/ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4.0)))) 2.0) (/ (* (* y y) 4.0) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4.0)))))
(/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y))))