
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(*
c
(+
(*
c
(-
(*
c
(+
(* -5.0 (/ (* c (pow a 3.0)) (pow b 7.0)))
(* -2.0 (/ (pow a 2.0) (pow b 5.0)))))
(/ a (pow b 3.0))))
(/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((c * ((-5.0 * ((c * pow(a, 3.0)) / pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (pow(a, 2.0) / pow(b, 5.0))))) - (a / pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((c * ((c * (((-5.0d0) * ((c * (a ** 3.0d0)) / (b ** 7.0d0))) + ((-2.0d0) * ((a ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))))) - (a / (b ** 3.0d0)))) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((c * ((-5.0 * ((c * Math.pow(a, 3.0)) / Math.pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (Math.pow(a, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))))) - (a / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((c * ((c * ((-5.0 * ((c * math.pow(a, 3.0)) / math.pow(b, 7.0))) + (-2.0 * (math.pow(a, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))))) - (a / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-5.0 * Float64(Float64(c * (a ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 7.0))) + Float64(-2.0 * Float64((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0))))) - Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((c * ((c * ((-5.0 * ((c * (a ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 7.0))) + (-2.0 * ((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0))))) - (a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(N[(c * N[Power[a, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-5 \cdot \frac{c \cdot {a}^{3}}{{b}^{7}} + -2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}\right) - \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 32.2%
*-commutative32.2%
Simplified32.2%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.3%
Simplified95.3%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.3%
associate-*r/95.3%
Simplified95.3%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.3%
Final simplification95.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (fma a (pow (/ c b) 2.0) c) (/ (* (pow a 2.0) (* 2.0 (pow c 3.0))) (pow b 4.0))) (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (fma(a, pow((c / b), 2.0), c) + ((pow(a, 2.0) * (2.0 * pow(c, 3.0))) / pow(b, 4.0))) / -b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(fma(a, (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0), c) + Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * Float64(2.0 * (c ^ 3.0))) / (b ^ 4.0))) / Float64(-b)) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(a * N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + c), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(2.0 * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}, c\right) + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left(2 \cdot {c}^{3}\right)}{{b}^{4}}}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 32.2%
*-commutative32.2%
Simplified32.2%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.3%
Simplified95.3%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.3%
associate-*r/95.3%
Simplified95.3%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.3%
Taylor expanded in b around -inf 94.3%
mul-1-neg94.3%
distribute-neg-frac294.3%
Simplified94.3%
Final simplification94.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* a (- (* -2.0 (/ (* a (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 5.0))) (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * (((-2.0d0) * ((a * (c ** 3.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * Math.pow(c, 3.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * math.pow(c, 3.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((-2.0 * ((a * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 32.2%
*-commutative32.2%
Simplified32.2%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 94.3%
Final simplification94.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (+ (* c (- (* c (* -2.0 (/ (pow a 2.0) (pow b 5.0)))) (* a (pow b -3.0)))) (/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((c * (-2.0 * (pow(a, 2.0) / pow(b, 5.0)))) - (a * pow(b, -3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((c * ((c * ((-2.0d0) * ((a ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0)))) - (a * (b ** (-3.0d0))))) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((c * (-2.0 * (Math.pow(a, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0)))) - (a * Math.pow(b, -3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((c * ((c * (-2.0 * (math.pow(a, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0)))) - (a * math.pow(b, -3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(-2.0 * Float64((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0)))) - Float64(a * (b ^ -3.0)))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((c * ((c * (-2.0 * ((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0)))) - (a * (b ^ -3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[Power[b, -3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}\right) - a \cdot {b}^{-3}\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 32.2%
*-commutative32.2%
Simplified32.2%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 93.9%
distribute-lft-in93.9%
associate-/l*93.9%
neg-mul-193.9%
div-inv93.9%
pow-flip93.9%
metadata-eval93.9%
Applied egg-rr93.9%
distribute-lft-out93.9%
unsub-neg93.9%
associate-*r*93.9%
associate-*r/93.9%
associate-*l/93.9%
associate-*r/93.9%
*-commutative93.9%
Simplified93.9%
Final simplification93.9%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (fma a (pow (/ c b) 2.0) c) (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(a, pow((c / b), 2.0), c) / -b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(a, (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0), c) / Float64(-b)) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + c), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}, c\right)}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 32.2%
*-commutative32.2%
Simplified32.2%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.3%
Simplified95.3%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.3%
associate-*r/95.3%
Simplified95.3%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.3%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 90.8%
neg-mul-190.8%
mul-1-neg90.8%
unsub-neg90.8%
distribute-neg-frac90.8%
mul-1-neg90.8%
unpow390.8%
unpow290.8%
associate-/r*90.8%
div-sub90.8%
unsub-neg90.8%
mul-1-neg90.8%
distribute-neg-out90.8%
Simplified90.8%
Final simplification90.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (/ -1.0 b) (* a (/ c (pow b 3.0))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / pow(b, 3.0))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-1.0d0) / b) - (a * (c / (b ** 3.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / Math.pow(b, 3.0))));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / math.pow(b, 3.0))))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-1.0 / b) - Float64(a * Float64(c / (b ^ 3.0))))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-1.0 / b) - (a * (c / (b ^ 3.0)))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(c / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{b} - a \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{3}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 32.2%
*-commutative32.2%
Simplified32.2%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 90.5%
associate-*r/90.5%
neg-mul-190.5%
distribute-rgt-neg-in90.5%
Simplified90.5%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 90.5%
associate-*r/90.5%
mul-1-neg90.5%
distribute-rgt-neg-out90.5%
associate-*r/90.5%
sub-neg90.5%
+-commutative90.5%
distribute-frac-neg90.5%
distribute-rgt-neg-in90.5%
associate-/l*90.5%
unsub-neg90.5%
distribute-neg-frac90.5%
metadata-eval90.5%
associate-/l*90.5%
Simplified90.5%
Final simplification90.5%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 32.2%
*-commutative32.2%
Simplified32.2%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 81.0%
associate-*r/81.0%
mul-1-neg81.0%
Simplified81.0%
Final simplification81.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(a, b, c): return 0.0
function code(a, b, c) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 32.2%
*-commutative32.2%
Simplified32.2%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 90.5%
associate-*r/90.5%
neg-mul-190.5%
distribute-rgt-neg-in90.5%
Simplified90.5%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 80.7%
expm1-log1p-u73.0%
expm1-undefine32.2%
associate-*r/32.2%
Applied egg-rr32.2%
sub-neg32.2%
metadata-eval32.2%
+-commutative32.2%
log1p-undefine32.2%
rem-exp-log40.0%
*-commutative40.0%
associate-*r/40.0%
mul-1-neg40.0%
unsub-neg40.0%
Simplified40.0%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 3.2%
Final simplification3.2%
herbie shell --seed 2024059
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, medium range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 a) (< a 9007199254740992.0)) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 b) (< b 9007199254740992.0))) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 c) (< c 9007199254740992.0)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))