
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi) :precision binary32 (/ (- (log (- 1.0 u0))) (+ (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax)) (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay)))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
return -logf((1.0f - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)));
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
real(4), intent (in) :: u0
real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
code = -log((1.0e0 - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)))
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi) return Float32(Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0))) / Float32(Float32(cos2phi / Float32(alphax * alphax)) + Float32(sin2phi / Float32(alphay * alphay)))) end
function tmp = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi) tmp = -log((single(1.0) - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi) :precision binary32 (/ (- (log (- 1.0 u0))) (+ (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax)) (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay)))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
return -logf((1.0f - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)));
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
real(4), intent (in) :: u0
real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
code = -log((1.0e0 - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)))
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi) return Float32(Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0))) / Float32(Float32(cos2phi / Float32(alphax * alphax)) + Float32(sin2phi / Float32(alphay * alphay)))) end
function tmp = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi) tmp = -log((single(1.0) - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}
\end{array}
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi) :precision binary32 (/ (log1p (- u0)) (- (/ (/ sin2phi alphay) (- alphay)) (* (pow alphax -2.0) cos2phi))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
return log1pf(-u0) / (((sin2phi / alphay) / -alphay) - (powf(alphax, -2.0f) * cos2phi));
}
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi) return Float32(log1p(Float32(-u0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(sin2phi / alphay) / Float32(-alphay)) - Float32((alphax ^ Float32(-2.0)) * cos2phi))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{-alphay} - {alphax}^{-2} \cdot cos2phi}
\end{array}
Initial program 62.6%
distribute-frac-neg62.6%
distribute-neg-frac262.6%
sub-neg62.6%
log1p-define98.3%
neg-sub098.3%
associate--r+98.3%
neg-sub098.3%
associate-/r*98.4%
distribute-neg-frac298.4%
Simplified98.4%
associate-/r*98.5%
div-inv98.3%
Applied egg-rr98.3%
associate-*r/98.5%
*-rgt-identity98.5%
Simplified98.5%
distribute-frac-neg298.5%
associate-/r*98.4%
neg-sub098.4%
div-inv98.4%
pow298.4%
pow-flip98.5%
metadata-eval98.5%
Applied egg-rr98.5%
neg-sub098.5%
distribute-lft-neg-in98.5%
*-commutative98.5%
Simplified98.5%
Final simplification98.5%
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
:precision binary32
(if (<= sin2phi 1.0)
(/
(* u0 (- 1.0 (* u0 -0.5)))
(+ (/ (/ sin2phi alphay) alphay) (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax))))
(/
(log1p (- u0))
(- (/ (/ cos2phi alphax) alphax) (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay))))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
float tmp;
if (sin2phi <= 1.0f) {
tmp = (u0 * (1.0f - (u0 * -0.5f))) / (((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay) + (cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)));
} else {
tmp = log1pf(-u0) / (((cos2phi / alphax) / alphax) - (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (sin2phi <= Float32(1.0)) tmp = Float32(Float32(u0 * Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(u0 * Float32(-0.5)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(sin2phi / alphay) / alphay) + Float32(cos2phi / Float32(alphax * alphax)))); else tmp = Float32(log1p(Float32(-u0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(cos2phi / alphax) / alphax) - Float32(sin2phi / Float32(alphay * alphay)))); end return tmp end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 1:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{u0 \cdot \left(1 - u0 \cdot -0.5\right)}{\frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if sin2phi < 1Initial program 56.7%
distribute-frac-neg56.7%
distribute-neg-frac256.7%
sub-neg56.7%
log1p-define98.5%
neg-sub098.5%
associate--r+98.5%
neg-sub098.5%
associate-/r*98.7%
distribute-neg-frac298.7%
Simplified98.7%
associate-/r*98.9%
div-inv98.8%
Applied egg-rr98.8%
associate-*r/98.9%
*-rgt-identity98.9%
Simplified98.9%
distribute-frac-neg298.9%
associate-/r*98.8%
neg-sub098.8%
div-inv98.7%
pow298.7%
pow-flip98.9%
metadata-eval98.9%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
neg-sub098.9%
distribute-lft-neg-in98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 88.0%
*-commutative88.0%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod44.2%
sqr-neg44.2%
sqrt-unprod43.0%
add-sqr-sqrt43.0%
metadata-eval43.0%
pow-flip43.0%
div-inv43.0%
unpow243.0%
associate-/l/43.0%
div-inv43.0%
frac-2neg43.0%
frac-times43.0%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod78.6%
sqr-neg78.6%
sqrt-unprod87.9%
add-sqr-sqrt88.1%
Applied egg-rr88.1%
if 1 < sin2phi Initial program 67.5%
distribute-frac-neg67.5%
distribute-neg-frac267.5%
sub-neg67.5%
log1p-define98.1%
neg-sub098.1%
associate--r+98.1%
neg-sub098.1%
associate-/r*98.1%
distribute-neg-frac298.1%
Simplified98.1%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod97.7%
sqr-neg97.7%
sqrt-prod97.7%
add-sqr-sqrt97.7%
div-inv97.7%
Applied egg-rr97.7%
associate-*r/97.7%
*-rgt-identity97.7%
Simplified97.7%
Final simplification93.4%
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ (/ sin2phi alphay) alphay)))
(if (<= sin2phi 0.009999999776482582)
(/ (* u0 (- 1.0 (* u0 -0.5))) (+ t_0 (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax))))
(/ (log1p (- u0)) (- (/ (/ cos2phi alphax) alphax) t_0)))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
float t_0 = (sin2phi / alphay) / alphay;
float tmp;
if (sin2phi <= 0.009999999776482582f) {
tmp = (u0 * (1.0f - (u0 * -0.5f))) / (t_0 + (cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)));
} else {
tmp = log1pf(-u0) / (((cos2phi / alphax) / alphax) - t_0);
}
return tmp;
}
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi) t_0 = Float32(Float32(sin2phi / alphay) / alphay) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (sin2phi <= Float32(0.009999999776482582)) tmp = Float32(Float32(u0 * Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(u0 * Float32(-0.5)))) / Float32(t_0 + Float32(cos2phi / Float32(alphax * alphax)))); else tmp = Float32(log1p(Float32(-u0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(cos2phi / alphax) / alphax) - t_0)); end return tmp end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay}\\
\mathbf{if}\;sin2phi \leq 0.009999999776482582:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{u0 \cdot \left(1 - u0 \cdot -0.5\right)}{t\_0 + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax} - t\_0}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if sin2phi < 0.00999999978Initial program 56.5%
distribute-frac-neg56.5%
distribute-neg-frac256.5%
sub-neg56.5%
log1p-define98.6%
neg-sub098.6%
associate--r+98.6%
neg-sub098.6%
associate-/r*98.7%
distribute-neg-frac298.7%
Simplified98.7%
associate-/r*98.9%
div-inv98.8%
Applied egg-rr98.8%
associate-*r/98.9%
*-rgt-identity98.9%
Simplified98.9%
distribute-frac-neg298.9%
associate-/r*98.8%
neg-sub098.8%
div-inv98.7%
pow298.7%
pow-flip98.9%
metadata-eval98.9%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
neg-sub098.9%
distribute-lft-neg-in98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 87.6%
*-commutative87.6%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod41.8%
sqr-neg41.8%
sqrt-unprod40.5%
add-sqr-sqrt40.5%
metadata-eval40.5%
pow-flip40.5%
div-inv40.5%
unpow240.5%
associate-/l/40.5%
div-inv40.5%
frac-2neg40.5%
frac-times40.5%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod77.8%
sqr-neg77.8%
sqrt-unprod87.4%
add-sqr-sqrt87.6%
Applied egg-rr87.6%
if 0.00999999978 < sin2phi Initial program 67.3%
distribute-frac-neg67.3%
distribute-neg-frac267.3%
sub-neg67.3%
log1p-define98.1%
neg-sub098.1%
associate--r+98.1%
neg-sub098.1%
associate-/r*98.1%
distribute-neg-frac298.1%
Simplified98.1%
associate-/r*98.1%
div-inv97.9%
Applied egg-rr97.9%
associate-*r/98.1%
*-rgt-identity98.1%
Simplified98.1%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod97.7%
sqr-neg97.7%
sqrt-prod97.7%
add-sqr-sqrt97.7%
div-inv97.7%
Applied egg-rr97.8%
associate-*r/97.7%
*-rgt-identity97.7%
Simplified97.8%
Final simplification93.4%
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi) :precision binary32 (/ (log1p (- u0)) (- (/ (/ cos2phi alphax) (- alphax)) (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay)))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
return log1pf(-u0) / (((cos2phi / alphax) / -alphax) - (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)));
}
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi) return Float32(log1p(Float32(-u0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(cos2phi / alphax) / Float32(-alphax)) - Float32(sin2phi / Float32(alphay * alphay)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{-alphax} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}
\end{array}
Initial program 62.6%
distribute-frac-neg62.6%
distribute-neg-frac262.6%
sub-neg62.6%
log1p-define98.3%
neg-sub098.3%
associate--r+98.3%
neg-sub098.3%
associate-/r*98.4%
distribute-neg-frac298.4%
Simplified98.4%
Final simplification98.4%
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi) :precision binary32 (/ (log1p (- u0)) (- (/ (/ cos2phi alphax) (- alphax)) (/ (/ sin2phi alphay) alphay))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
return log1pf(-u0) / (((cos2phi / alphax) / -alphax) - ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay));
}
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi) return Float32(log1p(Float32(-u0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(cos2phi / alphax) / Float32(-alphax)) - Float32(Float32(sin2phi / alphay) / alphay))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{-alphax} - \frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay}}
\end{array}
Initial program 62.6%
distribute-frac-neg62.6%
distribute-neg-frac262.6%
sub-neg62.6%
log1p-define98.3%
neg-sub098.3%
associate--r+98.3%
neg-sub098.3%
associate-/r*98.4%
distribute-neg-frac298.4%
Simplified98.4%
associate-/r*98.5%
div-inv98.3%
Applied egg-rr98.3%
associate-*r/98.5%
*-rgt-identity98.5%
Simplified98.5%
Final simplification98.5%
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi) :precision binary32 (/ (* u0 (+ (* u0 -0.5) -1.0)) (- (/ (/ cos2phi alphax) alphax) (/ (/ sin2phi alphay) alphay))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
return (u0 * ((u0 * -0.5f) + -1.0f)) / (((cos2phi / alphax) / alphax) - ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay));
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
real(4), intent (in) :: u0
real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
code = (u0 * ((u0 * (-0.5e0)) + (-1.0e0))) / (((cos2phi / alphax) / alphax) - ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay))
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi) return Float32(Float32(u0 * Float32(Float32(u0 * Float32(-0.5)) + Float32(-1.0))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(cos2phi / alphax) / alphax) - Float32(Float32(sin2phi / alphay) / alphay))) end
function tmp = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi) tmp = (u0 * ((u0 * single(-0.5)) + single(-1.0))) / (((cos2phi / alphax) / alphax) - ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{u0 \cdot \left(u0 \cdot -0.5 + -1\right)}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax} - \frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay}}
\end{array}
Initial program 62.6%
distribute-frac-neg62.6%
distribute-neg-frac262.6%
sub-neg62.6%
log1p-define98.3%
neg-sub098.3%
associate--r+98.3%
neg-sub098.3%
associate-/r*98.4%
distribute-neg-frac298.4%
Simplified98.4%
associate-/r*98.5%
div-inv98.3%
Applied egg-rr98.3%
associate-*r/98.5%
*-rgt-identity98.5%
Simplified98.5%
distribute-frac-neg298.5%
associate-/r*98.4%
neg-sub098.4%
div-inv98.4%
pow298.4%
pow-flip98.5%
metadata-eval98.5%
Applied egg-rr98.5%
neg-sub098.5%
distribute-lft-neg-in98.5%
*-commutative98.5%
Simplified98.5%
Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 88.3%
*-commutative88.3%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod68.3%
sqr-neg68.3%
sqrt-unprod67.8%
add-sqr-sqrt67.8%
metadata-eval67.8%
pow-flip67.8%
div-inv67.8%
unpow267.8%
associate-/l/67.8%
Applied egg-rr67.8%
Final simplification67.8%
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi) :precision binary32 (/ (* u0 (- 1.0 (* u0 -0.5))) (+ (/ (/ sin2phi alphay) alphay) (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax)))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
return (u0 * (1.0f - (u0 * -0.5f))) / (((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay) + (cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)));
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
real(4), intent (in) :: u0
real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
code = (u0 * (1.0e0 - (u0 * (-0.5e0)))) / (((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay) + (cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)))
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi) return Float32(Float32(u0 * Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(u0 * Float32(-0.5)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(sin2phi / alphay) / alphay) + Float32(cos2phi / Float32(alphax * alphax)))) end
function tmp = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi) tmp = (u0 * (single(1.0) - (u0 * single(-0.5)))) / (((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay) + (cos2phi / (alphax * alphax))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{u0 \cdot \left(1 - u0 \cdot -0.5\right)}{\frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}}
\end{array}
Initial program 62.6%
distribute-frac-neg62.6%
distribute-neg-frac262.6%
sub-neg62.6%
log1p-define98.3%
neg-sub098.3%
associate--r+98.3%
neg-sub098.3%
associate-/r*98.4%
distribute-neg-frac298.4%
Simplified98.4%
associate-/r*98.5%
div-inv98.3%
Applied egg-rr98.3%
associate-*r/98.5%
*-rgt-identity98.5%
Simplified98.5%
distribute-frac-neg298.5%
associate-/r*98.4%
neg-sub098.4%
div-inv98.4%
pow298.4%
pow-flip98.5%
metadata-eval98.5%
Applied egg-rr98.5%
neg-sub098.5%
distribute-lft-neg-in98.5%
*-commutative98.5%
Simplified98.5%
Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 88.3%
*-commutative88.3%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod68.3%
sqr-neg68.3%
sqrt-unprod67.8%
add-sqr-sqrt67.8%
metadata-eval67.8%
pow-flip67.8%
div-inv67.8%
unpow267.8%
associate-/l/67.8%
div-inv67.8%
frac-2neg67.8%
frac-times67.8%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod84.0%
sqr-neg84.0%
sqrt-unprod88.2%
add-sqr-sqrt88.3%
Applied egg-rr88.3%
Final simplification88.3%
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi) :precision binary32 (/ u0 (- (/ (/ sin2phi alphay) alphay) (/ (/ cos2phi alphax) alphax))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
return u0 / (((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay) - ((cos2phi / alphax) / alphax));
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
real(4), intent (in) :: u0
real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
code = u0 / (((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay) - ((cos2phi / alphax) / alphax))
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi) return Float32(u0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(sin2phi / alphay) / alphay) - Float32(Float32(cos2phi / alphax) / alphax))) end
function tmp = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi) tmp = u0 / (((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay) - ((cos2phi / alphax) / alphax)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{u0}{\frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay} - \frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax}}
\end{array}
Initial program 62.6%
distribute-frac-neg62.6%
distribute-neg-frac262.6%
sub-neg62.6%
log1p-define98.3%
neg-sub098.3%
associate--r+98.3%
neg-sub098.3%
associate-/r*98.4%
distribute-neg-frac298.4%
Simplified98.4%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod74.3%
sqr-neg74.3%
sqrt-prod74.3%
add-sqr-sqrt74.3%
div-inv74.3%
Applied egg-rr74.3%
associate-*r/74.3%
*-rgt-identity74.3%
Simplified74.3%
associate-/r*98.5%
div-inv98.3%
Applied egg-rr74.2%
Taylor expanded in u0 around 0 58.0%
mul-1-neg58.0%
Simplified58.0%
div-inv58.1%
Applied egg-rr58.1%
Final simplification58.1%
herbie shell --seed 2024059
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
:name "Beckmann Distribution sample, tan2theta, alphax != alphay, u1 <= 0.5"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (and (and (and (<= 0.0001 alphax) (<= alphax 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0001 alphay) (<= alphay 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u0) (<= u0 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 cos2phi) (<= cos2phi 1.0))) (<= 0.0 sin2phi))
(/ (- (log (- 1.0 u0))) (+ (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax)) (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay)))))