Migdal et al, Equation (64)

Percentage Accurate: 99.5% → 99.6%

Time: 9.1s

Alternatives: 8

Speedup: 2.0×

• 43.9% of points produce a very large (infinite) output. You may want to add a precondition.

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}\\ t\_1 \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + t\_1 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0))))
   (+ (* t_1 (* a1 a1)) (* t_1 (* a2 a2)))))

C

double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	double t_1 = cos(th) / sqrt(2.0);
	return (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a1, a2, th)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a1
    real(8), intent (in) :: a2
    real(8), intent (in) :: th
    real(8) :: t_1
    t_1 = cos(th) / sqrt(2.0d0)
    code = (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	double t_1 = Math.cos(th) / Math.sqrt(2.0);
	return (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2));
}

Python

def code(a1, a2, th):
	t_1 = math.cos(th) / math.sqrt(2.0)
	return (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2))

Julia

function code(a1, a2, th)
	t_1 = Float64(cos(th) / sqrt(2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(t_1 * Float64(a1 * a1)) + Float64(t_1 * Float64(a2 * a2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a1, a2, th)
	t_1 = cos(th) / sqrt(2.0);
	tmp = (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2));
end

Wolfram

code[a1_, a2_, th_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$1 * N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$1 * N[(a2 * a2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Initial Program: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}\\ t\_1 \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + t\_1 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0))))
   (+ (* t_1 (* a1 a1)) (* t_1 (* a2 a2)))))

C

double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	double t_1 = cos(th) / sqrt(2.0);
	return (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a1, a2, th)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a1
    real(8), intent (in) :: a2
    real(8), intent (in) :: th
    real(8) :: t_1
    t_1 = cos(th) / sqrt(2.0d0)
    code = (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	double t_1 = Math.cos(th) / Math.sqrt(2.0);
	return (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2));
}

Python

def code(a1, a2, th):
	t_1 = math.cos(th) / math.sqrt(2.0)
	return (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2))

Julia

function code(a1, a2, th)
	t_1 = Float64(cos(th) / sqrt(2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(t_1 * Float64(a1 * a1)) + Float64(t_1 * Float64(a2 * a2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a1, a2, th)
	t_1 = cos(th) / sqrt(2.0);
	tmp = (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2));
end

Wolfram

code[a1_, a2_, th_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$1 * N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$1 * N[(a2 * a2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Alternative 1: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \cos th \cdot \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right) \cdot \frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (* (cos th) (* (hypot a2 a1) (/ (hypot a2 a1) (sqrt 2.0)))))

C

double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return cos(th) * (hypot(a2, a1) * (hypot(a2, a1) / sqrt(2.0)));
}

Java

public static double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return Math.cos(th) * (Math.hypot(a2, a1) * (Math.hypot(a2, a1) / Math.sqrt(2.0)));
}

Python

def code(a1, a2, th):
	return math.cos(th) * (math.hypot(a2, a1) * (math.hypot(a2, a1) / math.sqrt(2.0)))

Julia

function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(cos(th) * Float64(hypot(a2, a1) * Float64(hypot(a2, a1) / sqrt(2.0))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a1, a2, th)
	tmp = cos(th) * (hypot(a2, a1) * (hypot(a2, a1) / sqrt(2.0)));
end

Wolfram

code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[a2 ^ 2 + a1 ^ 2], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[a2 ^ 2 + a1 ^ 2], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. distribute-lft-out 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   2. cos-neg 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\cos \left(-th\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   3. associate-*l/ 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(-th\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   4. associate-/l* 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-th\right) \cdot \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   5. cos-neg 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos th} \cdot \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   6. +-commutative 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2 + a1 \cdot a1}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   7. fma-define 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

3. Simplified 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos th \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   2. associate-/l* 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \]

   3. fma-undefine 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2 + a1 \cdot a1}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

   4. hypot-define 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right)} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

   5. fma-undefine 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2 + a1 \cdot a1}}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

   6. hypot-define 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

6. Applied egg-rr 99.7%

   \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right) \cdot \frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \]

7. Final simplification 99.7%

   \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right) \cdot \frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right)\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (pow (hypot a2 a1) 2.0) (/ (sqrt 2.0) (cos th))))

C

double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return pow(hypot(a2, a1), 2.0) / (sqrt(2.0) / cos(th));
}

Java

public static double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return Math.pow(Math.hypot(a2, a1), 2.0) / (Math.sqrt(2.0) / Math.cos(th));
}

Python

def code(a1, a2, th):
	return math.pow(math.hypot(a2, a1), 2.0) / (math.sqrt(2.0) / math.cos(th))

Julia

function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64((hypot(a2, a1) ^ 2.0) / Float64(sqrt(2.0) / cos(th)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a1, a2, th)
	tmp = (hypot(a2, a1) ^ 2.0) / (sqrt(2.0) / cos(th));
end

Wolfram

code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(N[Power[N[Sqrt[a2 ^ 2 + a1 ^ 2], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. distribute-lft-out 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   2. cos-neg 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\cos \left(-th\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   3. associate-*l/ 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(-th\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   4. associate-/l* 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-th\right) \cdot \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   5. cos-neg 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos th} \cdot \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   6. +-commutative 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2 + a1 \cdot a1}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   7. fma-define 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

3. Simplified 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos th \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*r/ 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   2. associate-*l/ 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)} \]

   3. clear-num 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right) \]

   4. associate-*l/ 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \]

   5. *-un-lft-identity 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}} \]

   6. add-sqr-sqrt 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}}}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}} \]

   7. pow2 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}} \]

   8. fma-undefine 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2 + a1 \cdot a1}}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}} \]

   9. hypot-define 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right)\right)}}^{2}}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right)\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \]

7. Final simplification 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right)\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 99.5% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \cos th \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (* (cos th) (/ (fma a2 a2 (* a1 a1)) (sqrt 2.0))))

C

double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return cos(th) * (fma(a2, a2, (a1 * a1)) / sqrt(2.0));
}

Julia

function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(cos(th) * Float64(fma(a2, a2, Float64(a1 * a1)) / sqrt(2.0)))
end

Wolfram

code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a2 * a2 + N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. distribute-lft-out 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   2. cos-neg 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\cos \left(-th\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   3. associate-*l/ 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(-th\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   4. associate-/l* 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-th\right) \cdot \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   5. cos-neg 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos th} \cdot \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   6. +-commutative 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2 + a1 \cdot a1}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   7. fma-define 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

3. Simplified 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos th \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Final simplification 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 99.6% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\cos th \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (cos th) (sqrt 0.5)) (+ (* a1 a1) (* a2 a2))))

C

double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return (cos(th) * sqrt(0.5)) * ((a1 * a1) + (a2 * a2));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a1, a2, th)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a1
    real(8), intent (in) :: a2
    real(8), intent (in) :: th
    code = (cos(th) * sqrt(0.5d0)) * ((a1 * a1) + (a2 * a2))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return (Math.cos(th) * Math.sqrt(0.5)) * ((a1 * a1) + (a2 * a2));
}

Python

def code(a1, a2, th):
	return (math.cos(th) * math.sqrt(0.5)) * ((a1 * a1) + (a2 * a2))

Julia

function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(Float64(cos(th) * sqrt(0.5)) * Float64(Float64(a1 * a1) + Float64(a2 * a2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a1, a2, th)
	tmp = (cos(th) * sqrt(0.5)) * ((a1 * a1) + (a2 * a2));
end

Wolfram

code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a2 * a2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. distribute-lft-out 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

3. Simplified 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]
4. Add Preprocessing
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. clear-num 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   2. associate-/r/ 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \cos th\right)} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   3. pow1/2 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{{2}^{0.5}}} \cdot \cos th\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   4. pow-flip 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{{2}^{\left(-0.5\right)}} \cdot \cos th\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   5. metadata-eval 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left({2}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}} \cdot \cos th\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

6. Applied egg-rr 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left({2}^{-0.5} \cdot \cos th\right)} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

7. Taylor expanded in th around inf 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos th \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right)} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \cos th\right)} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

9. Simplified 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \cos th\right)} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

10. Final simplification 99.6%

    \[\leadsto \left(\cos th \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 56.9% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ a2 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a1 a2 th) :precision binary64 (* a2 (* a2 (* (cos th) (sqrt 0.5)))))

C

double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return a2 * (a2 * (cos(th) * sqrt(0.5)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a1, a2, th)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a1
    real(8), intent (in) :: a2
    real(8), intent (in) :: th
    code = a2 * (a2 * (cos(th) * sqrt(0.5d0)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return a2 * (a2 * (Math.cos(th) * Math.sqrt(0.5)));
}

Python

def code(a1, a2, th):
	return a2 * (a2 * (math.cos(th) * math.sqrt(0.5)))

Julia

function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(a2 * Float64(a2 * Float64(cos(th) * sqrt(0.5))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a1, a2, th)
	tmp = a2 * (a2 * (cos(th) * sqrt(0.5)));
end

Wolfram

code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(a2 * N[(a2 * N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. distribute-lft-out 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   2. cos-neg 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\cos \left(-th\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   3. associate-*l/ 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(-th\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   4. associate-/l* 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-th\right) \cdot \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   5. cos-neg 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos th} \cdot \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   6. +-commutative 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2 + a1 \cdot a1}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   7. fma-define 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

3. Simplified 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos th \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in a2 around inf 59.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a2}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. pow2 59.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(a2 \cdot a2\right)} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   2. associate-/l* 59.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   3. associate-*l* 59.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a2 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \]

   4. div-inv 59.1%

      \[\leadsto a2 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos th \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)}\right) \]

   5. add-sqr-sqrt 59.1%

      \[\leadsto a2 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}\right)}\right)\right) \]

   6. sqrt-unprod 59.1%

      \[\leadsto a2 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}}\right)\right) \]

   7. frac-times 59.1%

      \[\leadsto a2 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}}}}\right)\right) \]

   8. metadata-eval 59.1%

      \[\leadsto a2 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}}}\right)\right) \]

   9. rem-square-sqrt 59.1%

      \[\leadsto a2 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{2}}}\right)\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval 59.1%

       \[\leadsto a2 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{0.5}}\right)\right) \]

7. Applied egg-rr 59.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a2 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right)\right)} \]

8. Final simplification 59.1%

   \[\leadsto a2 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right)\right) \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 66.0% accurate, 3.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{0.5} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a1 a2 th) :precision binary64 (* (sqrt 0.5) (+ (* a1 a1) (* a2 a2))))

C

double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return sqrt(0.5) * ((a1 * a1) + (a2 * a2));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a1, a2, th)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a1
    real(8), intent (in) :: a2
    real(8), intent (in) :: th
    code = sqrt(0.5d0) * ((a1 * a1) + (a2 * a2))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return Math.sqrt(0.5) * ((a1 * a1) + (a2 * a2));
}

Python

def code(a1, a2, th):
	return math.sqrt(0.5) * ((a1 * a1) + (a2 * a2))

Julia

function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(sqrt(0.5) * Float64(Float64(a1 * a1) + Float64(a2 * a2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a1, a2, th)
	tmp = sqrt(0.5) * ((a1 * a1) + (a2 * a2));
end

Wolfram

code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a2 * a2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. distribute-lft-out 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

3. Simplified 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in th around 0 63.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-un-lft-identity 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   2. add-sqr-sqrt 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   3. sqrt-unprod 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}}\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   4. frac-times 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(1 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}}}}\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   5. metadata-eval 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(1 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   6. rem-square-sqrt 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(1 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   7. metadata-eval 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(1 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{0.5}}\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

7. Applied egg-rr 63.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right)} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-lft-identity 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{0.5}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

9. Simplified 63.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{0.5}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

10. Final simplification 63.4%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 39.4% accurate, 4.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ a1 \cdot \frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a1 a2 th) :precision binary64 (* a1 (/ a1 (sqrt 2.0))))

C

double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return a1 * (a1 / sqrt(2.0));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a1, a2, th)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a1
    real(8), intent (in) :: a2
    real(8), intent (in) :: th
    code = a1 * (a1 / sqrt(2.0d0))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return a1 * (a1 / Math.sqrt(2.0));
}

Python

def code(a1, a2, th):
	return a1 * (a1 / math.sqrt(2.0))

Julia

function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(a1 * Float64(a1 / sqrt(2.0)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a1, a2, th)
	tmp = a1 * (a1 / sqrt(2.0));
end

Wolfram

code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(a1 * N[(a1 / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. distribute-lft-out 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   2. cos-neg 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\cos \left(-th\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   3. associate-*l/ 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(-th\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   4. associate-/l* 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-th\right) \cdot \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   5. cos-neg 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos th} \cdot \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   6. +-commutative 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2 + a1 \cdot a1}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   7. fma-define 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

3. Simplified 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos th \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in th around 0 63.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. rem-square-sqrt 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   2. +-commutative 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{a2}^{2} + {a1}^{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   3. unpow2 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2} + {a1}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   4. unpow2 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{a2 \cdot a2 + \color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1}} \cdot \sqrt{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   5. hypot-undefine 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   6. +-commutative 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{a2}^{2} + {a1}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   7. unpow2 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2} + {a1}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   8. unpow2 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right) \cdot \sqrt{a2 \cdot a2 + \color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   9. hypot-undefine 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   10. unpow2 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   11. hypot-undefine 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{a2 \cdot a2 + a1 \cdot a1}\right)}}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   12. unpow2 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{{a2}^{2}} + a1 \cdot a1}\right)}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   13. unpow2 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\sqrt{{a2}^{2} + \color{blue}{{a1}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   14. +-commutative 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   15. unpow2 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1} + {a2}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   16. unpow2 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\sqrt{a1 \cdot a1 + \color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}}\right)}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   17. hypot-define 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(a1, a2\right)\right)}}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

7. Simplified 63.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(a1, a2\right)\right)}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

8. Taylor expanded in a1 around inf 34.1%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{a1}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. pow2 34.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   2. associate-/l* 34.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a1 \cdot \frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

10. Applied egg-rr 34.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a1 \cdot \frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

11. Final simplification 34.1%

    \[\leadsto a1 \cdot \frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}} \]
12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 39.7% accurate, 4.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ a2 \cdot \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a1 a2 th) :precision binary64 (* a2 (/ a2 (sqrt 2.0))))

C

double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return a2 * (a2 / sqrt(2.0));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a1, a2, th)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a1
    real(8), intent (in) :: a2
    real(8), intent (in) :: th
    code = a2 * (a2 / sqrt(2.0d0))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return a2 * (a2 / Math.sqrt(2.0));
}

Python

def code(a1, a2, th):
	return a2 * (a2 / math.sqrt(2.0))

Julia

function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(a2 * Float64(a2 / sqrt(2.0)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a1, a2, th)
	tmp = a2 * (a2 / sqrt(2.0));
end

Wolfram

code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(a2 * N[(a2 / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. distribute-lft-out 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   2. cos-neg 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\cos \left(-th\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   3. associate-*l/ 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(-th\right) \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   4. associate-/l* 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-th\right) \cdot \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   5. cos-neg 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos th} \cdot \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   6. +-commutative 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2 + a1 \cdot a1}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   7. fma-define 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

3. Simplified 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos th \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in th around 0 63.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. rem-square-sqrt 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   2. +-commutative 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{a2}^{2} + {a1}^{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   3. unpow2 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2} + {a1}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   4. unpow2 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{a2 \cdot a2 + \color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1}} \cdot \sqrt{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   5. hypot-undefine 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   6. +-commutative 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{a2}^{2} + {a1}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   7. unpow2 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2} + {a1}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   8. unpow2 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right) \cdot \sqrt{a2 \cdot a2 + \color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   9. hypot-undefine 63.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   10. unpow2 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(a2, a1\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   11. hypot-undefine 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{a2 \cdot a2 + a1 \cdot a1}\right)}}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   12. unpow2 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{{a2}^{2}} + a1 \cdot a1}\right)}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   13. unpow2 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\sqrt{{a2}^{2} + \color{blue}{{a1}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   14. +-commutative 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{{a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   15. unpow2 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1} + {a2}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   16. unpow2 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\sqrt{a1 \cdot a1 + \color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}}\right)}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   17. hypot-define 63.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(a1, a2\right)\right)}}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

7. Simplified 63.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(a1, a2\right)\right)}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

8. Taylor expanded in a1 around 0 40.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{a2}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. pow2 40.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   2. associate-/l* 40.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a2 \cdot \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

10. Applied egg-rr 40.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a2 \cdot \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

11. Final simplification 40.6%

    \[\leadsto a2 \cdot \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \]
12. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024057 
(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
  :name "Migdal et al, Equation (64)"
  :precision binary64
  (+ (* (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0)) (* a1 a1)) (* (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0)) (* a2 a2))))