
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (exp (/ PI s))))
(*
s
(-
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 t_0))
(* u (+ (/ -1.0 (- -1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s))))) (/ 1.0 (- -1.0 t_0))))))
-1.0))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = expf((((float) M_PI) / s));
return s * -logf(((1.0f / ((1.0f / (1.0f + t_0)) + (u * ((-1.0f / (-1.0f - expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + (1.0f / (-1.0f - t_0)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0)) + Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) / Float32(Float32(-1.0) - exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(-1.0) - t_0)))))) + Float32(-1.0))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = exp((single(pi) / s)); tmp = s * -log(((single(1.0) / ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + t_0)) + (u * ((single(-1.0) / (single(-1.0) - exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + (single(1.0) / (single(-1.0) - t_0)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{1}{1 + t\_0} + u \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{-1 - e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1}{-1 - t\_0}\right)} + -1\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s)))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* -0.5 (* u PI))))
(*
s
(*
4.0
(-
(log1p
(/
(+ t_0 (+ (* PI 0.25) (* (/ (pow (+ t_0 (* PI 0.25)) 2.0) s) 0.5)))
s)))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = -0.5f * (u * ((float) M_PI));
return s * (4.0f * -log1pf(((t_0 + ((((float) M_PI) * 0.25f) + ((powf((t_0 + (((float) M_PI) * 0.25f)), 2.0f) / s) * 0.5f))) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(-0.5) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(t_0 + Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(0.25)) + Float32(Float32((Float32(t_0 + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(0.25))) ^ Float32(2.0)) / s) * Float32(0.5)))) / s))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := -0.5 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right)\\
s \cdot \left(4 \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{t\_0 + \left(\pi \cdot 0.25 + \frac{{\left(t\_0 + \pi \cdot 0.25\right)}^{2}}{s} \cdot 0.5\right)}{s}\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.6%
log1p-expm1-u6.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv6.4%
metadata-eval6.4%
fma-define6.4%
distribute-rgt-out--6.4%
metadata-eval6.4%
*-commutative6.4%
Applied egg-rr6.4%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 13.2%
Final simplification13.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (+ (* -0.5 (* u PI)) (* PI 0.25)))) (* s (* (log1p (/ (- t_0 (* -0.5 (/ (pow t_0 2.0) s))) s)) (- 4.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = (-0.5f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) + (((float) M_PI) * 0.25f);
return s * (log1pf(((t_0 - (-0.5f * (powf(t_0, 2.0f) / s))) / s)) * -4.0f);
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.5) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(0.25))) return Float32(s * Float32(log1p(Float32(Float32(t_0 - Float32(Float32(-0.5) * Float32((t_0 ^ Float32(2.0)) / s))) / s)) * Float32(-Float32(4.0)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := -0.5 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) + \pi \cdot 0.25\\
s \cdot \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{t\_0 - -0.5 \cdot \frac{{t\_0}^{2}}{s}}{s}\right) \cdot \left(-4\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.6%
log1p-expm1-u6.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv6.4%
metadata-eval6.4%
fma-define6.4%
distribute-rgt-out--6.4%
metadata-eval6.4%
*-commutative6.4%
Applied egg-rr6.4%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 13.2%
Final simplification13.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (* PI (+ 0.25 (* u -0.5))))) (* s (* 4.0 (- (log1p (/ (+ t_0 (* 0.5 (/ (pow t_0 2.0) s))) s)))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = ((float) M_PI) * (0.25f + (u * -0.5f));
return s * (4.0f * -log1pf(((t_0 + (0.5f * (powf(t_0, 2.0f) / s))) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(-0.5)))) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(t_0 + Float32(Float32(0.5) * Float32((t_0 ^ Float32(2.0)) / s))) / s))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \pi \cdot \left(0.25 + u \cdot -0.5\right)\\
s \cdot \left(4 \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{t\_0 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{{t\_0}^{2}}{s}}{s}\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.6%
log1p-expm1-u6.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv6.4%
metadata-eval6.4%
fma-define6.4%
distribute-rgt-out--6.4%
metadata-eval6.4%
*-commutative6.4%
Applied egg-rr6.4%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 13.2%
Simplified13.2%
Final simplification13.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (* PI (+ 0.25 (* u -0.5))) -4.0))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (((float) M_PI) * (0.25f + (u * -0.5f))) * -4.0f;
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(-0.5)))) * Float32(-4.0)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (single(pi) * (single(0.25) + (u * single(-0.5)))) * single(-4.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\pi \cdot \left(0.25 + u \cdot -0.5\right)\right) \cdot -4
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
clear-num98.8%
inv-pow98.8%
Applied egg-rr98.8%
unpow-198.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.6%
Simplified11.6%
Final simplification11.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* u (* PI 2.0)) PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (u * (((float) M_PI) * 2.0f)) - ((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0))) - Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (u * (single(pi) * single(2.0))) - single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
u \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right) - \pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.6%
neg-mul-111.6%
unsub-neg11.6%
*-commutative11.6%
distribute-rgt-out--11.6%
metadata-eval11.6%
associate-*r*11.6%
*-commutative11.6%
metadata-eval11.6%
distribute-rgt-out--11.6%
distribute-rgt-out--11.6%
metadata-eval11.6%
*-commutative11.6%
associate-*r*11.6%
metadata-eval11.6%
Simplified11.6%
Final simplification11.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (/ (* s PI) (- s)))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (s * ((float) M_PI)) / -s;
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) / Float32(-s)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (s * single(pi)) / -s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{s \cdot \pi}{-s}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.3%
associate-*r/11.3%
Applied egg-rr11.3%
Final simplification11.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.3%
mul-1-neg11.3%
Simplified11.3%
Final simplification11.3%
herbie shell --seed 2024053
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))