Toniolo and Linder, Equation (3a)

Percentage Accurate: 98.3% → 100.0%

Time: 15.5s

Alternatives: 5

Speedup: 1.4×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (l Om kx ky)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt
  (*
   (/ 1.0 2.0)
   (+
    1.0
    (/
     1.0
     (sqrt
      (+
       1.0
       (*
        (pow (/ (* 2.0 l) Om) 2.0)
        (+ (pow (sin kx) 2.0) (pow (sin ky) 2.0))))))))))

C

double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	return sqrt(((1.0 / 2.0) * (1.0 + (1.0 / sqrt((1.0 + (pow(((2.0 * l) / Om), 2.0) * (pow(sin(kx), 2.0) + pow(sin(ky), 2.0)))))))));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(l, om, kx, ky)
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: kx
    real(8), intent (in) :: ky
    code = sqrt(((1.0d0 / 2.0d0) * (1.0d0 + (1.0d0 / sqrt((1.0d0 + ((((2.0d0 * l) / om) ** 2.0d0) * ((sin(kx) ** 2.0d0) + (sin(ky) ** 2.0d0)))))))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	return Math.sqrt(((1.0 / 2.0) * (1.0 + (1.0 / Math.sqrt((1.0 + (Math.pow(((2.0 * l) / Om), 2.0) * (Math.pow(Math.sin(kx), 2.0) + Math.pow(Math.sin(ky), 2.0)))))))));
}

Python

def code(l, Om, kx, ky):
	return math.sqrt(((1.0 / 2.0) * (1.0 + (1.0 / math.sqrt((1.0 + (math.pow(((2.0 * l) / Om), 2.0) * (math.pow(math.sin(kx), 2.0) + math.pow(math.sin(ky), 2.0)))))))))

Julia

function code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	return sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / sqrt(Float64(1.0 + Float64((Float64(Float64(2.0 * l) / Om) ^ 2.0) * Float64((sin(kx) ^ 2.0) + (sin(ky) ^ 2.0)))))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	tmp = sqrt(((1.0 / 2.0) * (1.0 + (1.0 / sqrt((1.0 + ((((2.0 * l) / Om) ^ 2.0) * ((sin(kx) ^ 2.0) + (sin(ky) ^ 2.0)))))))));
end

Wolfram

code[l_, Om_, kx_, ky_] := N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[(N[Power[N[(N[(2.0 * l), $MachinePrecision] / Om), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[N[Sin[kx], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[Sin[ky], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 98.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (l Om kx ky)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt
  (*
   (/ 1.0 2.0)
   (+
    1.0
    (/
     1.0
     (sqrt
      (+
       1.0
       (*
        (pow (/ (* 2.0 l) Om) 2.0)
        (+ (pow (sin kx) 2.0) (pow (sin ky) 2.0))))))))))

C

double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	return sqrt(((1.0 / 2.0) * (1.0 + (1.0 / sqrt((1.0 + (pow(((2.0 * l) / Om), 2.0) * (pow(sin(kx), 2.0) + pow(sin(ky), 2.0)))))))));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(l, om, kx, ky)
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: kx
    real(8), intent (in) :: ky
    code = sqrt(((1.0d0 / 2.0d0) * (1.0d0 + (1.0d0 / sqrt((1.0d0 + ((((2.0d0 * l) / om) ** 2.0d0) * ((sin(kx) ** 2.0d0) + (sin(ky) ** 2.0d0)))))))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	return Math.sqrt(((1.0 / 2.0) * (1.0 + (1.0 / Math.sqrt((1.0 + (Math.pow(((2.0 * l) / Om), 2.0) * (Math.pow(Math.sin(kx), 2.0) + Math.pow(Math.sin(ky), 2.0)))))))));
}

Python

def code(l, Om, kx, ky):
	return math.sqrt(((1.0 / 2.0) * (1.0 + (1.0 / math.sqrt((1.0 + (math.pow(((2.0 * l) / Om), 2.0) * (math.pow(math.sin(kx), 2.0) + math.pow(math.sin(ky), 2.0)))))))))

Julia

function code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	return sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / sqrt(Float64(1.0 + Float64((Float64(Float64(2.0 * l) / Om) ^ 2.0) * Float64((sin(kx) ^ 2.0) + (sin(ky) ^ 2.0)))))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	tmp = sqrt(((1.0 / 2.0) * (1.0 + (1.0 / sqrt((1.0 + ((((2.0 * l) / Om) ^ 2.0) * ((sin(kx) ^ 2.0) + (sin(ky) ^ 2.0)))))))));
end

Wolfram

code[l_, Om_, kx_, ky_] := N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[(N[Power[N[(N[(2.0 * l), $MachinePrecision] / Om), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[N[Sin[kx], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[Sin[ky], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 100.0% accurate, 1.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (l Om kx ky)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt
  (+
   0.5
   (*
    0.5
    (/ 1.0 (hypot 1.0 (* (hypot (sin kx) (sin ky)) (* (/ 2.0 Om) l))))))))

C

double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	return sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 * (1.0 / hypot(1.0, (hypot(sin(kx), sin(ky)) * ((2.0 / Om) * l)))))));
}

Java

public static double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	return Math.sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 * (1.0 / Math.hypot(1.0, (Math.hypot(Math.sin(kx), Math.sin(ky)) * ((2.0 / Om) * l)))))));
}

Python

def code(l, Om, kx, ky):
	return math.sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 * (1.0 / math.hypot(1.0, (math.hypot(math.sin(kx), math.sin(ky)) * ((2.0 / Om) * l)))))))

Julia

function code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	return sqrt(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * Float64(1.0 / hypot(1.0, Float64(hypot(sin(kx), sin(ky)) * Float64(Float64(2.0 / Om) * l)))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	tmp = sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 * (1.0 / hypot(1.0, (hypot(sin(kx), sin(ky)) * ((2.0 / Om) * l)))))));
end

Wolfram

code[l_, Om_, kx_, ky_] := N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + N[(N[Sqrt[N[Sin[kx], $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[Sin[ky], $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(2.0 / Om), $MachinePrecision] * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.8%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}\right)} \]

3. Simplified 98.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}} \cdot 0.5}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-un-lft-identity 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}} \cdot 0.5} \]

   2. add-sqr-sqrt 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}}} \cdot 0.5} \]

   3. hypot-1-def 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

   4. sqrt-prod 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   5. sqrt-pow1 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   6. metadata-eval 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\color{blue}{1}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   7. pow1 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   8. clear-num 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   9. un-div-inv 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   10. unpow2 99.0%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   11. unpow2 99.0%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \sqrt{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx + \color{blue}{\sin ky \cdot \sin ky}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   12. hypot-define 100.0%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-lft-identity 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

   2. *-commutative 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   3. associate-/r/ 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

8. Simplified 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

9. Final simplification 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)}} \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 93.9% accurate, 2.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\sin ky \cdot \left(2 \cdot \ell\right)}{Om}\right)}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (l Om kx ky)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt (+ 0.5 (/ 0.5 (hypot 1.0 (/ (* (sin ky) (* 2.0 l)) Om))))))

C

double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	return sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 / hypot(1.0, ((sin(ky) * (2.0 * l)) / Om)))));
}

Java

public static double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	return Math.sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 / Math.hypot(1.0, ((Math.sin(ky) * (2.0 * l)) / Om)))));
}

Python

def code(l, Om, kx, ky):
	return math.sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 / math.hypot(1.0, ((math.sin(ky) * (2.0 * l)) / Om)))))

Julia

function code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	return sqrt(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 / hypot(1.0, Float64(Float64(sin(ky) * Float64(2.0 * l)) / Om)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	tmp = sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 / hypot(1.0, ((sin(ky) * (2.0 * l)) / Om)))));
end

Wolfram

code[l_, Om_, kx_, ky_] := N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 / N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + N[(N[(N[Sin[ky], $MachinePrecision] * N[(2.0 * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Om), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.8%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}\right)} \]

3. Simplified 98.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}} \cdot 0.5}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-un-lft-identity 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}} \cdot 0.5} \]

   2. add-sqr-sqrt 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}}} \cdot 0.5} \]

   3. hypot-1-def 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

   4. sqrt-prod 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   5. sqrt-pow1 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   6. metadata-eval 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\color{blue}{1}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   7. pow1 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   8. clear-num 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   9. un-div-inv 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   10. unpow2 99.0%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   11. unpow2 99.0%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \sqrt{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx + \color{blue}{\sin ky \cdot \sin ky}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   12. hypot-define 100.0%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-lft-identity 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

   2. *-commutative 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   3. associate-/r/ 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

8. Simplified 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

9. Taylor expanded in kx around 0 94.1%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\sin ky} \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

    1. associate-*l/ 94.1%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sin ky \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)}}} \]

    2. metadata-eval 94.1%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sin ky \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)}} \]

    3. *-commutative 94.1%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \sin ky}\right)}} \]

    4. associate-*l/ 94.1%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}} \cdot \sin ky\right)}} \]

    5. associate-*l/ 94.1%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \sin ky}{Om}}\right)}} \]

11. Applied egg-rr 94.1%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \sin ky}{Om}\right)}}} \]

12. Final simplification 94.1%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\sin ky \cdot \left(2 \cdot \ell\right)}{Om}\right)}} \]
13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 77.9% accurate, 3.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om} \leq 0.4:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2 \cdot \left(ky \cdot \ell\right)}{Om}\right)}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (l Om kx ky)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ (* 2.0 l) Om) 0.4)
   1.0
   (sqrt (+ 0.5 (/ 0.5 (hypot 1.0 (/ (* 2.0 (* ky l)) Om)))))))

C

double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	double tmp;
	if (((2.0 * l) / Om) <= 0.4) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 / hypot(1.0, ((2.0 * (ky * l)) / Om)))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Java

public static double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	double tmp;
	if (((2.0 * l) / Om) <= 0.4) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 / Math.hypot(1.0, ((2.0 * (ky * l)) / Om)))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(l, Om, kx, ky):
	tmp = 0
	if ((2.0 * l) / Om) <= 0.4:
		tmp = 1.0
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 / math.hypot(1.0, ((2.0 * (ky * l)) / Om)))))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(2.0 * l) / Om) <= 0.4)
		tmp = 1.0;
	else
		tmp = sqrt(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 / hypot(1.0, Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(ky * l)) / Om)))));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((2.0 * l) / Om) <= 0.4)
		tmp = 1.0;
	else
		tmp = sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 / hypot(1.0, ((2.0 * (ky * l)) / Om)))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[l_, Om_, kx_, ky_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(2.0 * l), $MachinePrecision] / Om), $MachinePrecision], 0.4], 1.0, N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 / N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + N[(N[(2.0 * N[(ky * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Om), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 (*.f64 2 l) Om) < 0.40000000000000002

   1. Initial program 99.0%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}\right)} \]

   3. Simplified 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}} \cdot 0.5}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-un-lft-identity 99.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}} \cdot 0.5} \]

      2. add-sqr-sqrt 99.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}}} \cdot 0.5} \]

      3. hypot-1-def 99.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. sqrt-prod 99.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      5. sqrt-pow1 99.2%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      6. metadata-eval 99.2%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\color{blue}{1}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      7. pow1 99.2%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      8. clear-num 99.2%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      9. un-div-inv 99.2%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      10. unpow2 99.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      11. unpow2 99.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \sqrt{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx + \color{blue}{\sin ky \cdot \sin ky}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      12. hypot-define 100.0%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-lft-identity 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

      2. *-commutative 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      3. associate-/r/ 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   8. Simplified 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in kx around 0 96.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\sin ky} \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. associate-*l/ 96.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sin ky \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)}}} \]

       2. metadata-eval 96.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sin ky \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)}} \]

       3. *-commutative 96.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \sin ky}\right)}} \]

       4. associate-*l/ 96.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}} \cdot \sin ky\right)}} \]

       5. associate-*l/ 96.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \sin ky}{Om}}\right)}} \]

   11. Applied egg-rr 96.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \sin ky}{Om}\right)}}} \]

   12. Taylor expanded in l around 0 71.9%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{1}} \]

   if 0.40000000000000002 < (/.f64 (*.f64 2 l) Om)

   1. Initial program 98.4%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}\right)} \]

   3. Simplified 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}} \cdot 0.5}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-un-lft-identity 98.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}} \cdot 0.5} \]

      2. add-sqr-sqrt 98.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}}} \cdot 0.5} \]

      3. hypot-1-def 98.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. sqrt-prod 98.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      5. sqrt-pow1 98.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      6. metadata-eval 98.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\color{blue}{1}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      7. pow1 98.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      8. clear-num 98.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      9. un-div-inv 98.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      10. unpow2 98.4%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      11. unpow2 98.4%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \sqrt{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx + \color{blue}{\sin ky \cdot \sin ky}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      12. hypot-define 100.0%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-lft-identity 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

      2. *-commutative 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      3. associate-/r/ 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   8. Simplified 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in kx around 0 87.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\sin ky} \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. associate-*l/ 87.6%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sin ky \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)}}} \]

       2. metadata-eval 87.6%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sin ky \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)}} \]

       3. *-commutative 87.6%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \sin ky}\right)}} \]

       4. associate-*l/ 87.6%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}} \cdot \sin ky\right)}} \]

       5. associate-*l/ 87.6%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \sin ky}{Om}}\right)}} \]

   11. Applied egg-rr 87.6%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \sin ky}{Om}\right)}}} \]

   12. Taylor expanded in ky around 0 87.7%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(ky \cdot \ell\right)}}{Om}\right)}} \]
   13. Step-by-step derivation

       1. *-commutative 87.7%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot ky\right)}}{Om}\right)}} \]

   14. Simplified 87.7%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot ky\right)}}{Om}\right)}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 75.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om} \leq 0.4:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2 \cdot \left(ky \cdot \ell\right)}{Om}\right)}}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 70.9% accurate, 6.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\ell \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+29}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (l Om kx ky) :precision binary64 (if (<= l 9.5e+29) 1.0 (sqrt 0.5)))

C

double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	double tmp;
	if (l <= 9.5e+29) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(l, om, kx, ky)
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: kx
    real(8), intent (in) :: ky
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (l <= 9.5d+29) then
        tmp = 1.0d0
    else
        tmp = sqrt(0.5d0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	double tmp;
	if (l <= 9.5e+29) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(l, Om, kx, ky):
	tmp = 0
	if l <= 9.5e+29:
		tmp = 1.0
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt(0.5)
	return tmp

Julia

function code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (l <= 9.5e+29)
		tmp = 1.0;
	else
		tmp = sqrt(0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (l <= 9.5e+29)
		tmp = 1.0;
	else
		tmp = sqrt(0.5);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[l_, Om_, kx_, ky_] := If[LessEqual[l, 9.5e+29], 1.0, N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if l < 9.5000000000000003e29

   1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}\right)} \]

   3. Simplified 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}} \cdot 0.5}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-un-lft-identity 99.5%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}} \cdot 0.5} \]

      2. add-sqr-sqrt 99.5%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}}} \cdot 0.5} \]

      3. hypot-1-def 99.5%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. sqrt-prod 99.5%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      5. sqrt-pow1 99.6%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      6. metadata-eval 99.6%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{\color{blue}{1}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      7. pow1 99.6%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      8. clear-num 99.6%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      9. un-div-inv 99.6%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      10. unpow2 99.6%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      11. unpow2 99.6%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \sqrt{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx + \color{blue}{\sin ky \cdot \sin ky}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      12. hypot-define 100.0%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-lft-identity 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

      2. *-commutative 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      3. associate-/r/ 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   8. Simplified 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in kx around 0 94.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\sin ky} \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. associate-*l/ 94.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sin ky \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)}}} \]

       2. metadata-eval 94.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sin ky \cdot \left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)\right)}} \]

       3. *-commutative 94.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \sin ky}\right)}} \]

       4. associate-*l/ 94.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}} \cdot \sin ky\right)}} \]

       5. associate-*l/ 94.2%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \sin ky}{Om}}\right)}} \]

   11. Applied egg-rr 94.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \sin ky}{Om}\right)}}} \]

   12. Taylor expanded in l around 0 71.4%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{1}} \]

   if 9.5000000000000003e29 < l

   1. Initial program 96.8%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}\right)} \]

   3. Simplified 96.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}} \cdot 0.5}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in l around inf 84.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 84.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5} \]

      2. associate-*l* 84.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \left(\sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}} \cdot 2\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

      3. *-commutative 84.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. unpow2 84.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      5. unpow2 84.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx + \color{blue}{\sin ky \cdot \sin ky}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      6. hypot-undefine 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   7. Simplified 87.9%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in l around inf 89.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{0.5}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 75.9%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\ell \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+29}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 56.0% accurate, 7.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{0.5} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (l Om kx ky) :precision binary64 (sqrt 0.5))

C

double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	return sqrt(0.5);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(l, om, kx, ky)
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: kx
    real(8), intent (in) :: ky
    code = sqrt(0.5d0)
end function

Java

public static double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	return Math.sqrt(0.5);
}

Python

def code(l, Om, kx, ky):
	return math.sqrt(0.5)

Julia

function code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	return sqrt(0.5)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	tmp = sqrt(0.5);
end

Wolfram

code[l_, Om_, kx_, ky_] := N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.8%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}\right)} \]

3. Simplified 98.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}} \cdot 0.5}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in l around inf 47.2%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 47.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5} \]

   2. associate-*l* 47.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \left(\sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}} \cdot 2\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

   3. *-commutative 47.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

   4. unpow2 47.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   5. unpow2 47.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx + \color{blue}{\sin ky \cdot \sin ky}}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

   6. hypot-undefine 48.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)}\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

7. Simplified 48.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{Om} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)\right)}} \cdot 0.5} \]

8. Taylor expanded in l around inf 56.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{0.5}} \]

9. Final simplification 56.8%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5} \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024050 
(FPCore (l Om kx ky)
  :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (3a)"
  :precision binary64
  (sqrt (* (/ 1.0 2.0) (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (* (pow (/ (* 2.0 l) Om) 2.0) (+ (pow (sin kx) 2.0) (pow (sin ky) 2.0))))))))))