Beckmann Sample, near normal, slope_y

Percentage Accurate: 58.5% → 98.4%

Time: 22.9s

Alternatives: 7

Speedup: 2.9×

Specification

\[\left(\left(cosTheta\_i > 0.9999 \land cosTheta\_i \leq 1\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u1 \land u1 \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u2 \land u2 \leq 1\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (- (log (- 1.0 u1)))) (sin (* (* 2.0 PI) u2))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf(-logf((1.0f - u1))) * sinf(((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * u2));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1)))) * sin(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * u2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt(-log((single(1.0) - u1))) * sin(((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * u2));
end

Initial Program: 58.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (- (log (- 1.0 u1)))) (sin (* (* 2.0 PI) u2))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf(-logf((1.0f - u1))) * sinf(((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * u2));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1)))) * sin(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * u2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt(-log((single(1.0) - u1))) * sin(((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * u2));
end

Alternative 1: 98.4% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sqrt{\pi \cdot 2}\\ \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(t\_0 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot t\_0\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (* PI 2.0))))
   (* (sqrt (- (log1p (- u1)))) (sin (* t_0 (* u2 t_0))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	float t_0 = sqrtf((((float) M_PI) * 2.0f));
	return sqrtf(-log1pf(-u1)) * sinf((t_0 * (u2 * t_0)));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	t_0 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0)))
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(-log1p(Float32(-u1)))) * sin(Float32(t_0 * Float32(u2 * t_0))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 61.1%

   \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 61.1%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u1\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. log1p-define 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

3. Simplified 98.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right)} \]
4. Add Preprocessing
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. expm1-log1p-u 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)} \]

   2. expm1-undefine 64.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right)} - 1\right)} \]

   3. associate-*l* 64.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot u2\right)}\right)} - 1\right) \]

6. Applied egg-rr 64.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot u2\right)\right)} - 1\right)} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. expm1-define 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]

   2. associate-*r* 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2}\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. *-commutative 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 2\right)} \cdot u2\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. associate-*l* 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot u2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]

8. Simplified 98.2%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. expm1-log1p-u 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]

   2. associate-*r* 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot 2\right) \cdot u2\right)} \]

   3. *-commutative 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. *-commutative 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]

   5. add-sqr-sqrt 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(u2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \pi}\right)}\right) \]

   6. associate-*r* 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \pi}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \pi}\right)} \]

   7. *-commutative 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \pi}\right) \]

   8. *-commutative 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot 2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 2}}\right) \]

10. Applied egg-rr 98.5%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot 2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot 2}\right)} \]

11. Final simplification 98.5%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot 2} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot 2}\right)\right) \]
12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.4% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (- (log1p (- u1)))) (sin (log1p (expm1 (* 2.0 (* u2 PI)))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf(-log1pf(-u1)) * sinf(log1pf(expm1f((2.0f * (u2 * ((float) M_PI))))));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(-log1p(Float32(-u1)))) * sin(log1p(expm1(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(u2 * Float32(pi)))))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 61.1%

   \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 61.1%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u1\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. log1p-define 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

3. Simplified 98.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right)} \]
4. Add Preprocessing
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. log1p-expm1-u 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)} \]

   2. associate-*l* 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot u2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]

6. Applied egg-rr 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]

7. Final simplification 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(u2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (- (log1p (- u1)))) (sin (* u2 (* PI 2.0)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf(-log1pf(-u1)) * sinf((u2 * (((float) M_PI) * 2.0f)));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(-log1p(Float32(-u1)))) * sin(Float32(u2 * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0)))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 61.1%

   \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 61.1%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u1\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. log1p-define 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

3. Simplified 98.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right)} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Final simplification 98.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(u2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right) \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 90.4% accurate, 1.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \pi \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;u2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right) \leq 0.012000000104308128:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot t\_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{u1} \cdot \sin t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* PI (* u2 2.0))))
   (if (<= (* u2 (* PI 2.0)) 0.012000000104308128)
     (* (sqrt (- (log1p (- u1)))) t_0)
     (* (sqrt u1) (sin t_0)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	float t_0 = ((float) M_PI) * (u2 * 2.0f);
	float tmp;
	if ((u2 * (((float) M_PI) * 2.0f)) <= 0.012000000104308128f) {
		tmp = sqrtf(-log1pf(-u1)) * t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = sqrtf(u1) * sinf(t_0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u2 * Float32(2.0)))
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (Float32(u2 * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0))) <= Float32(0.012000000104308128))
		tmp = Float32(sqrt(Float32(-log1p(Float32(-u1)))) * t_0);
	else
		tmp = Float32(sqrt(u1) * sin(t_0));
	end
	return tmp
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f32 (*.f32 2 (PI.f32)) u2) < 0.0120000001

   1. Initial program 63.0%

      \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg 63.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u1\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

      2. log1p-define 98.5%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. Simplified 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. add-exp-log 94.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\log \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right)}} \]

      2. associate-*l* 94.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot e^{\log \sin \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot u2\right)\right)}} \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 94.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\log \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot u2\right)\right)}} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 95.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* 95.8%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative 95.8%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]

   9. Simplified 95.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]

   if 0.0120000001 < (*.f32 (*.f32 2 (PI.f32)) u2)

   1. Initial program 57.0%

      \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 75.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{-1 \cdot u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg 75.6%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   5. Simplified 75.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   6. Taylor expanded in u2 around inf 75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{u1} \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* 75.6%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative 75.6%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]

   8. Simplified 75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{u1} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 89.5%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right) \leq 0.012000000104308128:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 2\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{u1} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 2\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 76.0% accurate, 1.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{u1} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 2\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt u1) (sin (* PI (* u2 2.0)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf(u1) * sinf((((float) M_PI) * (u2 * 2.0f)));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(u1) * sin(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u2 * Float32(2.0)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt(u1) * sin((single(pi) * (u2 * single(2.0))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 61.1%

   \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 74.0%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{-1 \cdot u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. mul-1-neg 74.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

5. Simplified 74.0%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

6. Taylor expanded in u2 around inf 74.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{u1} \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*r* 74.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

   2. *-commutative 74.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]

8. Simplified 74.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{u1} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]

9. Final simplification 74.0%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 2\right)\right) \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 65.7% accurate, 2.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2) :precision binary32 (* 2.0 (* u2 (* PI (sqrt u1)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return 2.0f * (u2 * (((float) M_PI) * sqrtf(u1)));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(u2 * Float32(Float32(pi) * sqrt(u1))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = single(2.0) * (u2 * (single(pi) * sqrt(u1)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 61.1%

   \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 74.0%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{-1 \cdot u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. mul-1-neg 74.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

5. Simplified 74.0%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

6. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 63.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*r* 63.2%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot u2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

   2. *-commutative 63.2%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]

   3. *-commutative 63.2%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)}\right) \]

8. Simplified 63.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right)} \]

9. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 63.2%

   \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

    1. *-commutative 63.2%

       \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)} \]

    2. associate-*r* 63.2%

       \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right)} \]

11. Simplified 63.2%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right)} \]

12. Final simplification 63.2%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right) \]
13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 65.7% accurate, 2.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2) :precision binary32 (* 2.0 (* PI (* u2 (sqrt u1)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return 2.0f * (((float) M_PI) * (u2 * sqrtf(u1)));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u2 * sqrt(u1))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = single(2.0) * (single(pi) * (u2 * sqrt(u1)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 61.1%

   \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 74.0%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{-1 \cdot u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. mul-1-neg 74.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

5. Simplified 74.0%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

6. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 63.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*r* 63.2%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot u2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

   2. *-commutative 63.2%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]

   3. *-commutative 63.2%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)}\right) \]

8. Simplified 63.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right)} \]

9. Final simplification 63.2%

   \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right) \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024050 
(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
  :name "Beckmann Sample, near normal, slope_y"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (> cosTheta_i 0.9999) (<= cosTheta_i 1.0)) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u1) (<= u1 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u2) (<= u2 1.0)))
  (* (sqrt (- (log (- 1.0 u1)))) (sin (* (* 2.0 PI) u2))))