GTR1 distribution

Percentage Accurate: 98.5% → 98.7%

Time: 19.7s

Alternatives: 9

Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

\[\left(0 \leq cosTheta \land cosTheta \leq 1\right) \land \left(0.0001 \leq \alpha \land \alpha \leq 1\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\\ \frac{t\_0}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(t\_0 \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0)))
   (/
    t_0
    (* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (+ 1.0 (* (* t_0 cosTheta) cosTheta))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
	float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - 1.0f;
	return t_0 / ((((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))) * (1.0f + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta, alpha)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0))
	return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha))) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha)
	t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - single(1.0);
	tmp = t_0 / ((single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha))) * (single(1.0) + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)));
end

Initial Program: 98.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\\ \frac{t\_0}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(t\_0 \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0)))
   (/
    t_0
    (* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (+ 1.0 (* (* t_0 cosTheta) cosTheta))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
	float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - 1.0f;
	return t_0 / ((((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))) * (1.0f + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta, alpha)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0))
	return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha))) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha)
	t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - single(1.0);
	tmp = t_0 / ((single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha))) * (single(1.0) + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)));
end

Alternative 1: 98.7% accurate, 0.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha + -1\\ \frac{t\_0}{\log \left({\left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}^{\pi}\right) \cdot \left(1 + cosTheta \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot cosTheta\right)\right)} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (+ (* alpha alpha) -1.0)))
   (/
    t_0
    (* (log (pow (pow alpha 2.0) PI)) (+ 1.0 (* cosTheta (* t_0 cosTheta)))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
	float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) + -1.0f;
	return t_0 / (logf(powf(powf(alpha, 2.0f), ((float) M_PI))) * (1.0f + (cosTheta * (t_0 * cosTheta))));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta, alpha)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) + Float32(-1.0))
	return Float32(t_0 / Float32(log(((alpha ^ Float32(2.0)) ^ Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(cosTheta * Float32(t_0 * cosTheta)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha)
	t_0 = (alpha * alpha) + single(-1.0);
	tmp = t_0 / (log(((alpha ^ single(2.0)) ^ single(pi))) * (single(1.0) + (cosTheta * (t_0 * cosTheta))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.6%

   \[\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   2. add-log-exp 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   3. exp-to-pow 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\log \color{blue}{\left({\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}^{\pi}\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   4. pow2 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\log \left({\color{blue}{\left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}}^{\pi}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

4. Applied egg-rr 98.8%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\color{blue}{\log \left({\left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}^{\pi}\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

5. Final simplification 98.8%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha + -1}{\log \left({\left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}^{\pi}\right) \cdot \left(1 + cosTheta \cdot \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha + -1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)\right)} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.6% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha + -1\\ \frac{t\_0}{\left(1 + cosTheta \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot cosTheta\right)\right) \cdot \log \left({\alpha}^{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (+ (* alpha alpha) -1.0)))
   (/
    t_0
    (* (+ 1.0 (* cosTheta (* t_0 cosTheta))) (log (pow alpha (* 2.0 PI)))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
	float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) + -1.0f;
	return t_0 / ((1.0f + (cosTheta * (t_0 * cosTheta))) * logf(powf(alpha, (2.0f * ((float) M_PI)))));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta, alpha)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) + Float32(-1.0))
	return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(cosTheta * Float32(t_0 * cosTheta))) * log((alpha ^ Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha)
	t_0 = (alpha * alpha) + single(-1.0);
	tmp = t_0 / ((single(1.0) + (cosTheta * (t_0 * cosTheta))) * log((alpha ^ (single(2.0) * single(pi)))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.6%

   \[\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   2. add-log-exp 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   3. exp-to-pow 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\log \color{blue}{\left({\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}^{\pi}\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   4. pow2 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\log \left({\color{blue}{\left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}}^{\pi}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

4. Applied egg-rr 98.8%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\color{blue}{\log \left({\left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}^{\pi}\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 98.5%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\log \color{blue}{\left(e^{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \log \alpha\right)}\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*r* 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\log \left(e^{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \log \alpha}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   2. *-commutative 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\log \left(e^{\color{blue}{\log \alpha \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   3. exp-to-pow 98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\log \color{blue}{\left({\alpha}^{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

7. Simplified 98.7%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\log \color{blue}{\left({\alpha}^{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

8. Final simplification 98.7%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha + -1}{\left(1 + cosTheta \cdot \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha + -1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)\right) \cdot \log \left({\alpha}^{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)} \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha + -1\\ \frac{t\_0}{\left(1 + cosTheta \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot cosTheta\right)\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right)} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (+ (* alpha alpha) -1.0)))
   (/
    t_0
    (* (+ 1.0 (* cosTheta (* t_0 cosTheta))) (* PI (log (* alpha alpha)))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
	float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) + -1.0f;
	return t_0 / ((1.0f + (cosTheta * (t_0 * cosTheta))) * (((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta, alpha)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) + Float32(-1.0))
	return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(cosTheta * Float32(t_0 * cosTheta))) * Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha)
	t_0 = (alpha * alpha) + single(-1.0);
	tmp = t_0 / ((single(1.0) + (cosTheta * (t_0 * cosTheta))) * (single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.6%

   \[\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Final simplification 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha + -1}{\left(1 + cosTheta \cdot \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha + -1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right)} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 97.6% accurate, 1.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha + -1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - cosTheta \cdot cosTheta\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
 :precision binary32
 (/
  (+ (* alpha alpha) -1.0)
  (* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (- 1.0 (* cosTheta cosTheta)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
	return ((alpha * alpha) + -1.0f) / ((((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))) * (1.0f - (cosTheta * cosTheta)));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta, alpha)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) + Float32(-1.0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha))) * Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(cosTheta * cosTheta))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha)
	tmp = ((alpha * alpha) + single(-1.0)) / ((single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha))) * (single(1.0) - (cosTheta * cosTheta)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.6%

   \[\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 97.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot cosTheta\right)} \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

5. Simplified 97.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(-cosTheta\right)} \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

6. Final simplification 97.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha + -1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - cosTheta \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]
7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 95.0% accurate, 1.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \cdot \frac{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \left(\alpha + -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
 :precision binary32
 (* 0.5 (/ (* (+ alpha 1.0) (+ alpha -1.0)) (* PI (log alpha)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
	return 0.5f * (((alpha + 1.0f) * (alpha + -1.0f)) / (((float) M_PI) * logf(alpha)));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta, alpha)
	return Float32(Float32(0.5) * Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha + Float32(1.0)) * Float32(alpha + Float32(-1.0))) / Float32(Float32(pi) * log(alpha))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha)
	tmp = single(0.5) * (((alpha + single(1.0)) * (alpha + single(-1.0))) / (single(pi) * log(alpha)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.6%

   \[\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-/r* 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}{1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta}} \]

   2. fma-neg 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}}{\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}{1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta} \]

   3. metadata-eval 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}{1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta} \]

   4. log-prod 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\log \alpha + \log \alpha\right)}}}{1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta} \]

   5. count-2 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}}{1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta} \]

   6. +-commutative 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta + 1}} \]

   7. associate-*l* 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot \left(cosTheta \cdot cosTheta\right)} + 1} \]

   8. fma-define 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1, cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)}} \]

   9. fma-neg 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}, cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

   10. metadata-eval 98.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, \color{blue}{-1}\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

3. Simplified 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-/r* 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi}}{2 \cdot \log \alpha}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

   2. log-pow 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi}}{\color{blue}{\log \left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

   3. pow2 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi}}{\log \color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

   4. associate-/r* 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

   5. fma-undefine 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\alpha \cdot \alpha + -1}}{\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

   6. difference-of-sqr--1 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \left(\alpha - 1\right)}}{\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

   7. associate-/l* 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\alpha - 1}{\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

   8. sub-neg 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\alpha + \left(-1\right)}}{\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

   9. metadata-eval 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\alpha + \color{blue}{-1}}{\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

   10. pow2 98.1%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\alpha + -1}{\pi \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

   11. log-pow 98.2%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\alpha + -1}{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 98.2%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\alpha + -1}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

8. Simplified 98.2%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \left(\alpha + -1\right)}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

9. Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0 95.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\left(1 + \alpha\right) \cdot \left(\alpha - 1\right)}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha}} \]

10. Final simplification 95.1%

    \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \frac{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \left(\alpha + -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha} \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 94.9% accurate, 1.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\alpha + 1}{2 \cdot \log \alpha} \cdot \frac{\alpha + -1}{\pi} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
 :precision binary32
 (* (/ (+ alpha 1.0) (* 2.0 (log alpha))) (/ (+ alpha -1.0) PI)))

C

float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
	return ((alpha + 1.0f) / (2.0f * logf(alpha))) * ((alpha + -1.0f) / ((float) M_PI));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta, alpha)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha + Float32(1.0)) / Float32(Float32(2.0) * log(alpha))) * Float32(Float32(alpha + Float32(-1.0)) / Float32(pi)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha)
	tmp = ((alpha + single(1.0)) / (single(2.0) * log(alpha))) * ((alpha + single(-1.0)) / single(pi));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.6%

   \[\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 97.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot cosTheta\right)} \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

5. Simplified 97.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(-cosTheta\right)} \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. difference-of-sqr-1 97.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \left(\alpha - 1\right)}}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(-cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   2. *-un-lft-identity 97.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1 \cdot \alpha} - 1\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(-cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   3. fma-neg 97.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(1, \alpha, -1\right)}}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(-cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   4. metadata-eval 97.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(1, \alpha, \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(-cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   5. fma-define 97.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot \alpha + -1\right)}}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(-cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   6. *-un-lft-identity 97.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\alpha} + -1\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(-cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   7. distribute-lft-in 97.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \alpha + \left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot -1}}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(-cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

7. Applied egg-rr 97.5%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \alpha + \left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot -1}}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(-cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

8. Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0 95.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(1 + \alpha\right) + \alpha \cdot \left(1 + \alpha\right)}{\pi \cdot \log \left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. distribute-rgt-out 94.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(1 + \alpha\right) \cdot \left(-1 + \alpha\right)}}{\pi \cdot \log \left({\alpha}^{2}\right)} \]

   2. +-commutative 94.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\alpha + 1\right)} \cdot \left(-1 + \alpha\right)}{\pi \cdot \log \left({\alpha}^{2}\right)} \]

   3. +-commutative 94.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\alpha + -1\right)}}{\pi \cdot \log \left({\alpha}^{2}\right)} \]

   4. *-commutative 94.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \left(\alpha + -1\right)}{\color{blue}{\log \left({\alpha}^{2}\right) \cdot \pi}} \]

   5. times-frac 94.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\alpha + 1}{\log \left({\alpha}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{\alpha + -1}{\pi}} \]

   6. log-pow 95.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha + 1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \log \alpha}} \cdot \frac{\alpha + -1}{\pi} \]

10. Simplified 95.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\alpha + 1}{2 \cdot \log \alpha} \cdot \frac{\alpha + -1}{\pi}} \]

11. Final simplification 95.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha + 1}{2 \cdot \log \alpha} \cdot \frac{\alpha + -1}{\pi} \]
12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 65.7% accurate, 1.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{-0.5}{\pi}}{-\log \left(\frac{1}{\alpha}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
 :precision binary32
 (/ (/ -0.5 PI) (- (log (/ 1.0 alpha)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
	return (-0.5f / ((float) M_PI)) / -logf((1.0f / alpha));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta, alpha)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.5) / Float32(pi)) / Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) / alpha))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha)
	tmp = (single(-0.5) / single(pi)) / -log((single(1.0) / alpha));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.6%

   \[\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-/r* 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}{1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta}} \]

   2. fma-neg 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}}{\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}{1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta} \]

   3. metadata-eval 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}{1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta} \]

   4. log-prod 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\log \alpha + \log \alpha\right)}}}{1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta} \]

   5. count-2 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}}{1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta} \]

   6. +-commutative 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta + 1}} \]

   7. associate-*l* 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot \left(cosTheta \cdot cosTheta\right)} + 1} \]

   8. fma-define 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1, cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)}} \]

   9. fma-neg 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}, cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

   10. metadata-eval 98.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, \color{blue}{-1}\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

3. Simplified 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 68.7%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-0.5}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

7. Simplified 68.7%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-0.5}{\pi}}{\log \alpha}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

8. Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0 67.2%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{-0.5}{\pi}}{\log \alpha}}{\color{blue}{1}} \]

9. Taylor expanded in alpha around inf 67.2%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{-0.5}{\pi}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\alpha}\right)}}}{1} \]

10. Final simplification 67.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-0.5}{\pi}}{-\log \left(\frac{1}{\alpha}\right)} \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 65.7% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-0.5}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (/ -0.5 (* PI (log alpha))))

C

float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
	return -0.5f / (((float) M_PI) * logf(alpha));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta, alpha)
	return Float32(Float32(-0.5) / Float32(Float32(pi) * log(alpha)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha)
	tmp = single(-0.5) / (single(pi) * log(alpha));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.6%

   \[\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   2. add-log-exp 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   3. exp-to-pow 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\log \color{blue}{\left({\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}^{\pi}\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

   4. pow2 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\log \left({\color{blue}{\left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}}^{\pi}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

4. Applied egg-rr 98.8%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\color{blue}{\log \left({\left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}^{\pi}\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0 95.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\alpha}^{2} - 1}{\log \left({\left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}^{\pi}\right)}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow2 95.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\alpha \cdot \alpha} - 1}{\log \left({\left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}^{\pi}\right)} \]

   2. fma-neg 95.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}}{\log \left({\left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}^{\pi}\right)} \]

   3. metadata-eval 95.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{\log \left({\left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}^{\pi}\right)} \]

   4. *-rgt-identity 95.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right) \cdot 1}}{\log \left({\left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}^{\pi}\right)} \]

   5. associate-*r/ 95.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\log \left({\left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}^{\pi}\right)}} \]

   6. log-pow 95.2%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \log \left({\alpha}^{2}\right)}} \]

   7. log-pow 95.3%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}} \]

   8. *-commutative 95.3%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right) \cdot \pi}} \]

   9. *-commutative 95.3%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\log \alpha \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \pi} \]

   10. associate-*r* 95.3%

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\log \alpha \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}} \]

   11. *-commutative 95.3%

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \log \alpha}} \]

   12. associate-*r* 95.3%

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \log \alpha\right)}} \]

   13. associate-/r* 95.3%

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha}} \]

   14. metadata-eval 95.3%

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha} \]

   15. metadata-eval 95.3%

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{0.5 \cdot 1}}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha} \]

   16. associate-*r/ 95.3%

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha}\right)} \]

   17. *-commutative 95.3%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)} \]

7. Simplified 95.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)} \]

8. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 67.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.5}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha}} \]

9. Final simplification 67.2%

   \[\leadsto \frac{-0.5}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha} \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 65.7% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{-0.5}{\pi}}{\log \alpha} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (/ (/ -0.5 PI) (log alpha)))

C

float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
	return (-0.5f / ((float) M_PI)) / logf(alpha);
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta, alpha)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.5) / Float32(pi)) / log(alpha))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha)
	tmp = (single(-0.5) / single(pi)) / log(alpha);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.6%

   \[\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-/r* 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}{1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta}} \]

   2. fma-neg 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}}{\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}{1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta} \]

   3. metadata-eval 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}{1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta} \]

   4. log-prod 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\log \alpha + \log \alpha\right)}}}{1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta} \]

   5. count-2 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}}{1 + \left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta} \]

   6. +-commutative 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta + 1}} \]

   7. associate-*l* 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\right) \cdot \left(cosTheta \cdot cosTheta\right)} + 1} \]

   8. fma-define 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1, cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)}} \]

   9. fma-neg 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}, cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

   10. metadata-eval 98.6%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, \color{blue}{-1}\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

3. Simplified 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right)}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot \log \alpha\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 68.7%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-0.5}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

7. Simplified 68.7%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-0.5}{\pi}}{\log \alpha}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\alpha, \alpha, -1\right), cosTheta \cdot cosTheta, 1\right)} \]

8. Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0 67.2%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{-0.5}{\pi}}{\log \alpha}}{\color{blue}{1}} \]

9. Final simplification 67.2%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-0.5}{\pi}}{\log \alpha} \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024050 
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
  :name "GTR1 distribution"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (<= 0.0 cosTheta) (<= cosTheta 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0001 alpha) (<= alpha 1.0)))
  (/ (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0) (* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (+ 1.0 (* (* (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0) cosTheta) cosTheta)))))