
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(+
(* -2.0 (/ (* (pow a 2.0) (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 5.0)))
(-
(-
(* -0.25 (* (pow (* a c) 4.0) (/ 20.0 (* a (pow b 7.0)))))
(/ (* a (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 3.0)))
(/ c b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-2.0 * ((pow(a, 2.0) * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (((-0.25 * (pow((a * c), 4.0) * (20.0 / (a * pow(b, 7.0))))) - ((a * pow(c, 2.0)) / pow(b, 3.0))) - (c / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((-2.0d0) * (((a ** 2.0d0) * (c ** 3.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + ((((-0.25d0) * (((a * c) ** 4.0d0) * (20.0d0 / (a * (b ** 7.0d0))))) - ((a * (c ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 3.0d0))) - (c / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-2.0 * ((Math.pow(a, 2.0) * Math.pow(c, 3.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (((-0.25 * (Math.pow((a * c), 4.0) * (20.0 / (a * Math.pow(b, 7.0))))) - ((a * Math.pow(c, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (c / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-2.0 * ((math.pow(a, 2.0) * math.pow(c, 3.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (((-0.25 * (math.pow((a * c), 4.0) * (20.0 / (a * math.pow(b, 7.0))))) - ((a * math.pow(c, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (c / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.25 * Float64((Float64(a * c) ^ 4.0) * Float64(20.0 / Float64(a * (b ^ 7.0))))) - Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 3.0))) - Float64(c / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-2.0 * (((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) + (((-0.25 * (((a * c) ^ 4.0) * (20.0 / (a * (b ^ 7.0))))) - ((a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 3.0))) - (c / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(-0.25 * N[(N[Power[N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(20.0 / N[(a * N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + \left(\left(-0.25 \cdot \left({\left(a \cdot c\right)}^{4} \cdot \frac{20}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}\right) - \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 29.9%
*-commutative29.9%
Simplified29.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 95.4%
*-commutative95.4%
unpow-prod-down95.4%
pow-prod-down95.4%
pow-pow95.4%
metadata-eval95.4%
metadata-eval95.4%
Applied egg-rr95.4%
pow-prod-down95.4%
metadata-eval95.4%
pow-pow95.4%
Applied egg-rr95.4%
unpow295.4%
pow-sqr95.4%
metadata-eval95.4%
Simplified95.4%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.4%
distribute-rgt-out95.4%
associate-*r*95.4%
*-commutative95.4%
associate-/l*95.4%
Simplified95.4%
Final simplification95.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (- (* (* -2.0 (pow a 2.0)) (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 5.0))) (/ c b)) (* a (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (((-2.0 * pow(a, 2.0)) * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 5.0))) - (c / b)) - (a * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((((-2.0d0) * (a ** 2.0d0)) * ((c ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - (c / b)) - (a * ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (((-2.0 * Math.pow(a, 2.0)) * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (c / b)) - (a * (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (((-2.0 * math.pow(a, 2.0)) * (math.pow(c, 3.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (c / b)) - (a * (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * (a ^ 2.0)) * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64(c / b)) - Float64(a * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (((-2.0 * (a ^ 2.0)) * ((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) - (c / b)) - (a * ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\left(-2 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}
\end{array}
Initial program 29.9%
*-commutative29.9%
Simplified29.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 93.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 94.0%
associate-+r+94.0%
mul-1-neg94.0%
unsub-neg94.0%
mul-1-neg94.0%
unsub-neg94.0%
associate-/l*94.0%
associate-*r*94.0%
associate-/l*94.0%
Simplified94.0%
Final simplification94.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (* -4.0 (/ (pow (* a c) 3.0) (pow b 5.0))) (+ (* -2.0 (/ (* a c) b)) (* -2.0 (/ (pow (* a c) 2.0) (pow b 3.0))))) (* a 2.0)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((-4.0 * (pow((a * c), 3.0) / pow(b, 5.0))) + ((-2.0 * ((a * c) / b)) + (-2.0 * (pow((a * c), 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0))))) / (a * 2.0);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (((-4.0d0) * (((a * c) ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + (((-2.0d0) * ((a * c) / b)) + ((-2.0d0) * (((a * c) ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0))))) / (a * 2.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((-4.0 * (Math.pow((a * c), 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + ((-2.0 * ((a * c) / b)) + (-2.0 * (Math.pow((a * c), 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0))))) / (a * 2.0);
}
def code(a, b, c): return ((-4.0 * (math.pow((a * c), 3.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + ((-2.0 * ((a * c) / b)) + (-2.0 * (math.pow((a * c), 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0))))) / (a * 2.0)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64((Float64(a * c) ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64(a * c) / b)) + Float64(-2.0 * Float64((Float64(a * c) ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0))))) / Float64(a * 2.0)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((-4.0 * (((a * c) ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + ((-2.0 * ((a * c) / b)) + (-2.0 * (((a * c) ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0))))) / (a * 2.0); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Power[N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot c\right)}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + \left(-2 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{b} + -2 \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot c\right)}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right)}{a \cdot 2}
\end{array}
Initial program 29.9%
*-commutative29.9%
Simplified29.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 93.6%
associate-/l*93.6%
Applied egg-rr93.6%
associate-*r/93.6%
cube-prod93.6%
Simplified93.6%
pow193.6%
pow-prod-down93.6%
Applied egg-rr93.6%
unpow193.6%
Simplified93.6%
Final simplification93.6%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* c (* a 4.0)))) b) (* a 2.0)))) (if (<= t_0 -3e-13) t_0 (/ c (- b)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= -3e-13) {
tmp = t_0;
} else {
tmp = c / -b;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0d0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0d0)
if (t_0 <= (-3d-13)) then
tmp = t_0
else
tmp = c / -b
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = (Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= -3e-13) {
tmp = t_0;
} else {
tmp = c / -b;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c): t_0 = (math.sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0) tmp = 0 if t_0 <= -3e-13: tmp = t_0 else: tmp = c / -b return tmp
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(c * Float64(a * 4.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)) tmp = 0.0 if (t_0 <= -3e-13) tmp = t_0; else tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c) t_0 = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0); tmp = 0.0; if (t_0 <= -3e-13) tmp = t_0; else tmp = c / -b; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c * N[(a * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, -3e-13], t$95$0, N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -3 \cdot 10^{-13}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c)))) (*.f64 2 a)) < -2.99999999999999984e-13Initial program 66.6%
if -2.99999999999999984e-13 < (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c)))) (*.f64 2 a)) Initial program 7.1%
*-commutative7.1%
Simplified7.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 98.3%
mul-1-neg98.3%
distribute-neg-frac98.3%
Simplified98.3%
Final simplification86.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)) (- a)) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)) * -a) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)) * -a) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)) * -a) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return ((math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)) * -a) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)) * Float64(-a)) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)) * -a) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * (-a)), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}} \cdot \left(-a\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 29.9%
*-commutative29.9%
Simplified29.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 90.4%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 90.8%
mul-1-neg90.8%
unsub-neg90.8%
mul-1-neg90.8%
distribute-neg-frac290.8%
associate-/l*90.8%
Simplified90.8%
Final simplification90.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 29.9%
*-commutative29.9%
Simplified29.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 82.1%
mul-1-neg82.1%
distribute-neg-frac82.1%
Simplified82.1%
Final simplification82.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(a, b, c): return 0.0
function code(a, b, c) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 29.9%
*-commutative29.9%
Simplified29.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 81.8%
expm1-log1p-u72.8%
expm1-undefine28.4%
*-commutative28.4%
times-frac28.4%
metadata-eval28.4%
associate-/l*28.4%
Applied egg-rr28.4%
sub-neg28.4%
log1p-undefine28.4%
rem-exp-log37.5%
mul-1-neg37.5%
unsub-neg37.5%
*-commutative37.5%
associate-/l*37.5%
*-inverses37.5%
*-rgt-identity37.5%
metadata-eval37.5%
Simplified37.5%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 3.2%
Final simplification3.2%
herbie shell --seed 2024043
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, medium range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 a) (< a 9007199254740992.0)) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 b) (< b 9007199254740992.0))) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 c) (< c 9007199254740992.0)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))