
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
double code(double x) {
return log((sinh(x) / x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((sinh(x) / x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((Math.sinh(x) / x));
}
def code(x): return math.log((math.sinh(x) / x))
function code(x) return log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((sinh(x) / x)); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 3 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
double code(double x) {
return log((sinh(x) / x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((sinh(x) / x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((Math.sinh(x) / x));
}
def code(x): return math.log((math.sinh(x) / x))
function code(x) return log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((sinh(x) / x)); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (fma 0.16666666666666666 (pow x 2.0) (fma -0.005555555555555556 (pow x 4.0) (* 0.0003527336860670194 (pow x 6.0)))))
double code(double x) {
return fma(0.16666666666666666, pow(x, 2.0), fma(-0.005555555555555556, pow(x, 4.0), (0.0003527336860670194 * pow(x, 6.0))));
}
function code(x) return fma(0.16666666666666666, (x ^ 2.0), fma(-0.005555555555555556, (x ^ 4.0), Float64(0.0003527336860670194 * (x ^ 6.0)))) end
code[x_] := N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.005555555555555556 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.0003527336860670194 * N[Power[x, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, {x}^{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.005555555555555556, {x}^{4}, 0.0003527336860670194 \cdot {x}^{6}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 49.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.6%
associate-+r+97.6%
+-commutative97.6%
fma-def97.6%
fma-def97.6%
Simplified97.6%
Final simplification97.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* x (sqrt (* (pow x 2.0) 0.027777777777777776))))
double code(double x) {
return x * sqrt((pow(x, 2.0) * 0.027777777777777776));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x * sqrt(((x ** 2.0d0) * 0.027777777777777776d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x * Math.sqrt((Math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.027777777777777776));
}
def code(x): return x * math.sqrt((math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.027777777777777776))
function code(x) return Float64(x * sqrt(Float64((x ^ 2.0) * 0.027777777777777776))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x * sqrt(((x ^ 2.0) * 0.027777777777777776)); end
code[x_] := N[(x * N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.027777777777777776), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot \sqrt{{x}^{2} \cdot 0.027777777777777776}
\end{array}
Initial program 49.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.6%
expm1-log1p-u97.6%
Applied egg-rr97.6%
add-sqr-sqrt97.4%
expm1-log1p-u97.4%
sqrt-prod97.5%
unpow297.5%
sqrt-prod46.7%
add-sqr-sqrt73.1%
associate-*r*73.2%
expm1-log1p-u73.2%
*-commutative73.2%
sqrt-prod73.2%
unpow273.2%
sqrt-prod46.8%
add-sqr-sqrt97.6%
Applied egg-rr97.6%
associate-*l*97.6%
add-sqr-sqrt46.8%
unswap-sqr46.8%
sqrt-prod46.8%
sqrt-prod46.8%
*-commutative46.8%
*-commutative46.8%
sqrt-unprod73.2%
*-commutative73.2%
*-commutative73.2%
swap-sqr73.2%
pow273.2%
metadata-eval73.2%
Applied egg-rr73.2%
Final simplification73.2%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* x (* 0.16666666666666666 x)))
double code(double x) {
return x * (0.16666666666666666 * x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x * (0.16666666666666666d0 * x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x * (0.16666666666666666 * x);
}
def code(x): return x * (0.16666666666666666 * x)
function code(x) return Float64(x * Float64(0.16666666666666666 * x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x * (0.16666666666666666 * x); end
code[x_] := N[(x * N[(0.16666666666666666 * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot x\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 49.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.6%
expm1-log1p-u97.6%
Applied egg-rr97.6%
expm1-log1p-u97.6%
unpow297.6%
associate-*r*97.6%
Applied egg-rr97.6%
Final simplification97.6%
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(if (< (fabs x) 0.085)
(*
(* x x)
(fma
(fma
(fma -2.6455026455026456e-5 (* x x) 0.0003527336860670194)
(* x x)
-0.005555555555555556)
(* x x)
0.16666666666666666))
(log (/ (sinh x) x))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (fabs(x) < 0.085) {
tmp = (x * x) * fma(fma(fma(-2.6455026455026456e-5, (x * x), 0.0003527336860670194), (x * x), -0.005555555555555556), (x * x), 0.16666666666666666);
} else {
tmp = log((sinh(x) / x));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (abs(x) < 0.085) tmp = Float64(Float64(x * x) * fma(fma(fma(-2.6455026455026456e-5, Float64(x * x), 0.0003527336860670194), Float64(x * x), -0.005555555555555556), Float64(x * x), 0.16666666666666666)); else tmp = log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)); end return tmp end
code[x_] := If[Less[N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision], 0.085], N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(-2.6455026455026456e-5 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.0003527336860670194), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + -0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\left|x\right| < 0.085:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.6455026455026456 \cdot 10^{-5}, x \cdot x, 0.0003527336860670194\right), x \cdot x, -0.005555555555555556\right), x \cdot x, 0.16666666666666666\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024031
(FPCore (x)
:name "bug500, discussion (missed optimization)"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (< (fabs x) 0.085) (* (* x x) (fma (fma (fma -2.6455026455026456e-5 (* x x) 0.0003527336860670194) (* x x) -0.005555555555555556) (* x x) 0.16666666666666666)) (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
(log (/ (sinh x) x)))