
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (exp (- x)))) (/ (- (exp x) t_0) (+ (exp x) t_0))))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = exp(-x);
return (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = exp(-x)
code = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.exp(-x);
return (Math.exp(x) - t_0) / (Math.exp(x) + t_0);
}
def code(x): t_0 = math.exp(-x) return (math.exp(x) - t_0) / (math.exp(x) + t_0)
function code(x) t_0 = exp(Float64(-x)) return Float64(Float64(exp(x) - t_0) / Float64(exp(x) + t_0)) end
function tmp = code(x) t_0 = exp(-x); tmp = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0); end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Exp[(-x)], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{-x}\\
\frac{e^{x} - t\_0}{e^{x} + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (exp (- x)))) (/ (- (exp x) t_0) (+ (exp x) t_0))))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = exp(-x);
return (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = exp(-x)
code = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.exp(-x);
return (Math.exp(x) - t_0) / (Math.exp(x) + t_0);
}
def code(x): t_0 = math.exp(-x) return (math.exp(x) - t_0) / (math.exp(x) + t_0)
function code(x) t_0 = exp(Float64(-x)) return Float64(Float64(exp(x) - t_0) / Float64(exp(x) + t_0)) end
function tmp = code(x) t_0 = exp(-x); tmp = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0); end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Exp[(-x)], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{-x}\\
\frac{e^{x} - t\_0}{e^{x} + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
x_m = (fabs.f64 x)
x_s = (copysign.f64 1 x)
(FPCore (x_s x_m)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (exp (- x_m))) (t_1 (/ (- (exp x_m) t_0) (+ (exp x_m) t_0))))
(*
x_s
(if (<= t_1 0.0005)
(+
x_m
(+
(* -0.3333333333333333 (pow x_m 3.0))
(* 0.13333333333333333 (pow x_m 5.0))))
t_1))))x_m = fabs(x);
x_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m) {
double t_0 = exp(-x_m);
double t_1 = (exp(x_m) - t_0) / (exp(x_m) + t_0);
double tmp;
if (t_1 <= 0.0005) {
tmp = x_m + ((-0.3333333333333333 * pow(x_m, 3.0)) + (0.13333333333333333 * pow(x_m, 5.0)));
} else {
tmp = t_1;
}
return x_s * tmp;
}
x_m = abs(x)
x_s = copysign(1.0d0, x)
real(8) function code(x_s, x_m)
real(8), intent (in) :: x_s
real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: t_1
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = exp(-x_m)
t_1 = (exp(x_m) - t_0) / (exp(x_m) + t_0)
if (t_1 <= 0.0005d0) then
tmp = x_m + (((-0.3333333333333333d0) * (x_m ** 3.0d0)) + (0.13333333333333333d0 * (x_m ** 5.0d0)))
else
tmp = t_1
end if
code = x_s * tmp
end function
x_m = Math.abs(x);
x_s = Math.copySign(1.0, x);
public static double code(double x_s, double x_m) {
double t_0 = Math.exp(-x_m);
double t_1 = (Math.exp(x_m) - t_0) / (Math.exp(x_m) + t_0);
double tmp;
if (t_1 <= 0.0005) {
tmp = x_m + ((-0.3333333333333333 * Math.pow(x_m, 3.0)) + (0.13333333333333333 * Math.pow(x_m, 5.0)));
} else {
tmp = t_1;
}
return x_s * tmp;
}
x_m = math.fabs(x) x_s = math.copysign(1.0, x) def code(x_s, x_m): t_0 = math.exp(-x_m) t_1 = (math.exp(x_m) - t_0) / (math.exp(x_m) + t_0) tmp = 0 if t_1 <= 0.0005: tmp = x_m + ((-0.3333333333333333 * math.pow(x_m, 3.0)) + (0.13333333333333333 * math.pow(x_m, 5.0))) else: tmp = t_1 return x_s * tmp
x_m = abs(x) x_s = copysign(1.0, x) function code(x_s, x_m) t_0 = exp(Float64(-x_m)) t_1 = Float64(Float64(exp(x_m) - t_0) / Float64(exp(x_m) + t_0)) tmp = 0.0 if (t_1 <= 0.0005) tmp = Float64(x_m + Float64(Float64(-0.3333333333333333 * (x_m ^ 3.0)) + Float64(0.13333333333333333 * (x_m ^ 5.0)))); else tmp = t_1; end return Float64(x_s * tmp) end
x_m = abs(x); x_s = sign(x) * abs(1.0); function tmp_2 = code(x_s, x_m) t_0 = exp(-x_m); t_1 = (exp(x_m) - t_0) / (exp(x_m) + t_0); tmp = 0.0; if (t_1 <= 0.0005) tmp = x_m + ((-0.3333333333333333 * (x_m ^ 3.0)) + (0.13333333333333333 * (x_m ^ 5.0))); else tmp = t_1; end tmp_2 = x_s * tmp; end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Exp[(-x$95$m)], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[Exp[x$95$m], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Exp[x$95$m], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(x$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 0.0005], N[(x$95$m + N[(N[(-0.3333333333333333 * N[Power[x$95$m, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.13333333333333333 * N[Power[x$95$m, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{-x\_m}\\
t_1 := \frac{e^{x\_m} - t\_0}{e^{x\_m} + t\_0}\\
x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq 0.0005:\\
\;\;\;\;x\_m + \left(-0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x\_m}^{3} + 0.13333333333333333 \cdot {x\_m}^{5}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (/.f64 (-.f64 (exp.f64 x) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 x))) (+.f64 (exp.f64 x) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 x)))) < 5.0000000000000001e-4Initial program 11.4%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.9%
if 5.0000000000000001e-4 < (/.f64 (-.f64 (exp.f64 x) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 x))) (+.f64 (exp.f64 x) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 x)))) Initial program 40.0%
Final simplification96.8%
x_m = (fabs.f64 x) x_s = (copysign.f64 1 x) (FPCore (x_s x_m) :precision binary64 (* x_s (/ (+ (* (pow x_m 3.0) 0.3333333333333333) (* x_m 2.0)) (fma x_m x_m 2.0))))
x_m = fabs(x);
x_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m) {
return x_s * (((pow(x_m, 3.0) * 0.3333333333333333) + (x_m * 2.0)) / fma(x_m, x_m, 2.0));
}
x_m = abs(x) x_s = copysign(1.0, x) function code(x_s, x_m) return Float64(x_s * Float64(Float64(Float64((x_m ^ 3.0) * 0.3333333333333333) + Float64(x_m * 2.0)) / fma(x_m, x_m, 2.0))) end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_] := N[(x$95$s * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[x$95$m, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x$95$m * x$95$m + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
\\
x\_s \cdot \frac{{x\_m}^{3} \cdot 0.3333333333333333 + x\_m \cdot 2}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x\_m, x\_m, 2\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 12.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 9.3%
+-commutative9.3%
unpow29.3%
fma-def9.3%
Simplified9.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 96.4%
Final simplification96.4%
x_m = (fabs.f64 x) x_s = (copysign.f64 1 x) (FPCore (x_s x_m) :precision binary64 (* x_s (+ x_m (+ (* -0.3333333333333333 (pow x_m 3.0)) (* (pow x_m 5.0) 0.125)))))
x_m = fabs(x);
x_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m) {
return x_s * (x_m + ((-0.3333333333333333 * pow(x_m, 3.0)) + (pow(x_m, 5.0) * 0.125)));
}
x_m = abs(x)
x_s = copysign(1.0d0, x)
real(8) function code(x_s, x_m)
real(8), intent (in) :: x_s
real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
code = x_s * (x_m + (((-0.3333333333333333d0) * (x_m ** 3.0d0)) + ((x_m ** 5.0d0) * 0.125d0)))
end function
x_m = Math.abs(x);
x_s = Math.copySign(1.0, x);
public static double code(double x_s, double x_m) {
return x_s * (x_m + ((-0.3333333333333333 * Math.pow(x_m, 3.0)) + (Math.pow(x_m, 5.0) * 0.125)));
}
x_m = math.fabs(x) x_s = math.copysign(1.0, x) def code(x_s, x_m): return x_s * (x_m + ((-0.3333333333333333 * math.pow(x_m, 3.0)) + (math.pow(x_m, 5.0) * 0.125)))
x_m = abs(x) x_s = copysign(1.0, x) function code(x_s, x_m) return Float64(x_s * Float64(x_m + Float64(Float64(-0.3333333333333333 * (x_m ^ 3.0)) + Float64((x_m ^ 5.0) * 0.125)))) end
x_m = abs(x); x_s = sign(x) * abs(1.0); function tmp = code(x_s, x_m) tmp = x_s * (x_m + ((-0.3333333333333333 * (x_m ^ 3.0)) + ((x_m ^ 5.0) * 0.125))); end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_] := N[(x$95$s * N[(x$95$m + N[(N[(-0.3333333333333333 * N[Power[x$95$m, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Power[x$95$m, 5.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.125), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
\\
x\_s \cdot \left(x\_m + \left(-0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x\_m}^{3} + {x\_m}^{5} \cdot 0.125\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 12.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 96.2%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 96.3%
Final simplification96.3%
x_m = (fabs.f64 x) x_s = (copysign.f64 1 x) (FPCore (x_s x_m) :precision binary64 (* x_s (/ (* x_m 2.0) (fma x_m x_m 2.0))))
x_m = fabs(x);
x_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m) {
return x_s * ((x_m * 2.0) / fma(x_m, x_m, 2.0));
}
x_m = abs(x) x_s = copysign(1.0, x) function code(x_s, x_m) return Float64(x_s * Float64(Float64(x_m * 2.0) / fma(x_m, x_m, 2.0))) end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_] := N[(x$95$s * N[(N[(x$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x$95$m * x$95$m + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
\\
x\_s \cdot \frac{x\_m \cdot 2}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x\_m, x\_m, 2\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 12.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 9.3%
+-commutative9.3%
unpow29.3%
fma-def9.3%
Simplified9.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 96.0%
Final simplification96.0%
x_m = (fabs.f64 x) x_s = (copysign.f64 1 x) (FPCore (x_s x_m) :precision binary64 (* x_s 2.5))
x_m = fabs(x);
x_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m) {
return x_s * 2.5;
}
x_m = abs(x)
x_s = copysign(1.0d0, x)
real(8) function code(x_s, x_m)
real(8), intent (in) :: x_s
real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
code = x_s * 2.5d0
end function
x_m = Math.abs(x);
x_s = Math.copySign(1.0, x);
public static double code(double x_s, double x_m) {
return x_s * 2.5;
}
x_m = math.fabs(x) x_s = math.copysign(1.0, x) def code(x_s, x_m): return x_s * 2.5
x_m = abs(x) x_s = copysign(1.0, x) function code(x_s, x_m) return Float64(x_s * 2.5) end
x_m = abs(x); x_s = sign(x) * abs(1.0); function tmp = code(x_s, x_m) tmp = x_s * 2.5; end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_] := N[(x$95$s * 2.5), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
\\
x\_s \cdot 2.5
\end{array}
Initial program 12.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 9.3%
+-commutative9.3%
unpow29.3%
fma-def9.3%
Simplified9.3%
Applied egg-rr4.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 4.0%
Final simplification4.0%
x_m = (fabs.f64 x) x_s = (copysign.f64 1 x) (FPCore (x_s x_m) :precision binary64 (* x_s x_m))
x_m = fabs(x);
x_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m) {
return x_s * x_m;
}
x_m = abs(x)
x_s = copysign(1.0d0, x)
real(8) function code(x_s, x_m)
real(8), intent (in) :: x_s
real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
code = x_s * x_m
end function
x_m = Math.abs(x);
x_s = Math.copySign(1.0, x);
public static double code(double x_s, double x_m) {
return x_s * x_m;
}
x_m = math.fabs(x) x_s = math.copysign(1.0, x) def code(x_s, x_m): return x_s * x_m
x_m = abs(x) x_s = copysign(1.0, x) function code(x_s, x_m) return Float64(x_s * x_m) end
x_m = abs(x); x_s = sign(x) * abs(1.0); function tmp = code(x_s, x_m) tmp = x_s * x_m; end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_] := N[(x$95$s * x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
\\
x\_s \cdot x\_m
\end{array}
Initial program 12.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 95.9%
Final simplification95.9%
herbie shell --seed 2024031
(FPCore (x)
:name "Hyperbolic tangent"
:precision binary64
(/ (- (exp x) (exp (- x))) (+ (exp x) (exp (- x)))))