VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (6)

Percentage Accurate: 76.5% → 94.6%
Time: 33.7s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (F l)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* PI l) (* (/ 1.0 (* F F)) (tan (* PI l)))))
double code(double F, double l) {
	return (((double) M_PI) * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((((double) M_PI) * l)));
}
public static double code(double F, double l) {
	return (Math.PI * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * Math.tan((Math.PI * l)));
}
def code(F, l):
	return (math.pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * math.tan((math.pi * l)))
function code(F, l)
	return Float64(Float64(pi * l) - Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(F * F)) * tan(Float64(pi * l))))
end
function tmp = code(F, l)
	tmp = (pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((pi * l)));
end
code[F_, l_] := N[(N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(1.0 / N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 76.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (F l)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* PI l) (* (/ 1.0 (* F F)) (tan (* PI l)))))
double code(double F, double l) {
	return (((double) M_PI) * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((((double) M_PI) * l)));
}
public static double code(double F, double l) {
	return (Math.PI * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * Math.tan((Math.PI * l)));
}
def code(F, l):
	return (math.pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * math.tan((math.pi * l)))
function code(F, l)
	return Float64(Float64(pi * l) - Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(F * F)) * tan(Float64(pi * l))))
end
function tmp = code(F, l)
	tmp = (pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((pi * l)));
end
code[F_, l_] := N[(N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(1.0 / N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 94.6% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := -0.5 \cdot \left({l\_m}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \sin \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)\\ l\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l\_m \leq 10^{+123}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\frac{\frac{t\_1}{1 + \left(t\_0 + 0.041666666666666664 \cdot \left({l\_m}^{4} \cdot {\pi}^{4}\right)\right)}}{F}}{F}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\frac{\frac{t\_1}{1 + t\_0}}{F}}{F}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l_s = (copysign.f64 1 l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* -0.5 (* (pow l_m 2.0) (pow PI 2.0)))) (t_1 (sin (* PI l_m))))
   (*
    l_s
    (if (<= (* PI l_m) 1e+123)
      (-
       (* PI l_m)
       (/
        (/
         (/
          t_1
          (+
           1.0
           (+ t_0 (* 0.041666666666666664 (* (pow l_m 4.0) (pow PI 4.0))))))
         F)
        F))
      (- (* PI l_m) (/ (/ (/ t_1 (+ 1.0 t_0)) F) F))))))
l_m = fabs(l);
l_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double t_0 = -0.5 * (pow(l_m, 2.0) * pow(((double) M_PI), 2.0));
	double t_1 = sin((((double) M_PI) * l_m));
	double tmp;
	if ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) <= 1e+123) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * l_m) - (((t_1 / (1.0 + (t_0 + (0.041666666666666664 * (pow(l_m, 4.0) * pow(((double) M_PI), 4.0)))))) / F) / F);
	} else {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * l_m) - (((t_1 / (1.0 + t_0)) / F) / F);
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = Math.abs(l);
l_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double t_0 = -0.5 * (Math.pow(l_m, 2.0) * Math.pow(Math.PI, 2.0));
	double t_1 = Math.sin((Math.PI * l_m));
	double tmp;
	if ((Math.PI * l_m) <= 1e+123) {
		tmp = (Math.PI * l_m) - (((t_1 / (1.0 + (t_0 + (0.041666666666666664 * (Math.pow(l_m, 4.0) * Math.pow(Math.PI, 4.0)))))) / F) / F);
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.PI * l_m) - (((t_1 / (1.0 + t_0)) / F) / F);
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = math.fabs(l)
l_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
def code(l_s, F, l_m):
	t_0 = -0.5 * (math.pow(l_m, 2.0) * math.pow(math.pi, 2.0))
	t_1 = math.sin((math.pi * l_m))
	tmp = 0
	if (math.pi * l_m) <= 1e+123:
		tmp = (math.pi * l_m) - (((t_1 / (1.0 + (t_0 + (0.041666666666666664 * (math.pow(l_m, 4.0) * math.pow(math.pi, 4.0)))))) / F) / F)
	else:
		tmp = (math.pi * l_m) - (((t_1 / (1.0 + t_0)) / F) / F)
	return l_s * tmp
l_m = abs(l)
l_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	t_0 = Float64(-0.5 * Float64((l_m ^ 2.0) * (pi ^ 2.0)))
	t_1 = sin(Float64(pi * l_m))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(pi * l_m) <= 1e+123)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(Float64(Float64(t_1 / Float64(1.0 + Float64(t_0 + Float64(0.041666666666666664 * Float64((l_m ^ 4.0) * (pi ^ 4.0)))))) / F) / F));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(Float64(Float64(t_1 / Float64(1.0 + t_0)) / F) / F));
	end
	return Float64(l_s * tmp)
end
l_m = abs(l);
l_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(l_s, F, l_m)
	t_0 = -0.5 * ((l_m ^ 2.0) * (pi ^ 2.0));
	t_1 = sin((pi * l_m));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((pi * l_m) <= 1e+123)
		tmp = (pi * l_m) - (((t_1 / (1.0 + (t_0 + (0.041666666666666664 * ((l_m ^ 4.0) * (pi ^ 4.0)))))) / F) / F);
	else
		tmp = (pi * l_m) - (((t_1 / (1.0 + t_0)) / F) / F);
	end
	tmp_2 = l_s * tmp;
end
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(-0.5 * N[(N[Power[l$95$m, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[Pi, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(l$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 1e+123], N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[(t$95$1 / N[(1.0 + N[(t$95$0 + N[(0.041666666666666664 * N[(N[Power[l$95$m, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[Pi, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[(t$95$1 / N[(1.0 + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
l_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := -0.5 \cdot \left({l\_m}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\\
t_1 := \sin \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)\\
l\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l\_m \leq 10^{+123}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\frac{\frac{t\_1}{1 + \left(t\_0 + 0.041666666666666664 \cdot \left({l\_m}^{4} \cdot {\pi}^{4}\right)\right)}}{F}}{F}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\frac{\frac{t\_1}{1 + t\_0}}{F}}{F}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 9.99999999999999978e122

    1. Initial program 77.5%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/77.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
      2. *-un-lft-identity77.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
      3. associate-/r*82.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
    4. Applied egg-rr82.7%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. tan-quot82.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}{F}}{F} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr82.7%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}{F}}{F} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in l around 0 77.4%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-0.5 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right) + 0.041666666666666664 \cdot \left({\ell}^{4} \cdot {\pi}^{4}\right)\right)}}}{F}}{F} \]

    if 9.99999999999999978e122 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l)

    1. Initial program 72.1%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/72.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
      2. *-un-lft-identity72.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
      3. associate-/r*72.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
    4. Applied egg-rr72.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. tan-quot72.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}{F}}{F} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr72.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}{F}}{F} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in l around 0 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{1 + -0.5 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)}}}{F}}{F} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification80.7%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq 10^{+123}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{1 + \left(-0.5 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right) + 0.041666666666666664 \cdot \left({\ell}^{4} \cdot {\pi}^{4}\right)\right)}}{F}}{F}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{1 + -0.5 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)}}{F}}{F}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 91.8% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}{1 + -0.5 \cdot \left({l\_m}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)}}{F}}{F}\right) \end{array} \]
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l_s = (copysign.f64 1 l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  l_s
  (-
   (* PI l_m)
   (/
    (/ (/ (sin (* PI l_m)) (+ 1.0 (* -0.5 (* (pow l_m 2.0) (pow PI 2.0))))) F)
    F))))
l_m = fabs(l);
l_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	return l_s * ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) - (((sin((((double) M_PI) * l_m)) / (1.0 + (-0.5 * (pow(l_m, 2.0) * pow(((double) M_PI), 2.0))))) / F) / F));
}
l_m = Math.abs(l);
l_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	return l_s * ((Math.PI * l_m) - (((Math.sin((Math.PI * l_m)) / (1.0 + (-0.5 * (Math.pow(l_m, 2.0) * Math.pow(Math.PI, 2.0))))) / F) / F));
}
l_m = math.fabs(l)
l_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
def code(l_s, F, l_m):
	return l_s * ((math.pi * l_m) - (((math.sin((math.pi * l_m)) / (1.0 + (-0.5 * (math.pow(l_m, 2.0) * math.pow(math.pi, 2.0))))) / F) / F))
l_m = abs(l)
l_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	return Float64(l_s * Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(Float64(Float64(sin(Float64(pi * l_m)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(-0.5 * Float64((l_m ^ 2.0) * (pi ^ 2.0))))) / F) / F)))
end
l_m = abs(l);
l_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
function tmp = code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = l_s * ((pi * l_m) - (((sin((pi * l_m)) / (1.0 + (-0.5 * ((l_m ^ 2.0) * (pi ^ 2.0))))) / F) / F));
end
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[(N[Sin[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(-0.5 * N[(N[Power[l$95$m, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[Pi, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
l_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}{1 + -0.5 \cdot \left({l\_m}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)}}{F}}{F}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 76.7%

    \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/77.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    2. *-un-lft-identity77.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
    3. associate-/r*81.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
  4. Applied egg-rr81.1%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. tan-quot81.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}{F}}{F} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr81.1%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}{F}}{F} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in l around 0 90.9%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{1 + -0.5 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)}}}{F}}{F} \]
  8. Final simplification90.9%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{1 + -0.5 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)}}{F}}{F} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 82.3% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l\_s \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, l\_m, \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}{F}}{-F}\right) \end{array} \]
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l_s = (copysign.f64 1 l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (* l_s (fma PI l_m (/ (/ (tan (* PI l_m)) F) (- F)))))
l_m = fabs(l);
l_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	return l_s * fma(((double) M_PI), l_m, ((tan((((double) M_PI) * l_m)) / F) / -F));
}
l_m = abs(l)
l_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	return Float64(l_s * fma(pi, l_m, Float64(Float64(tan(Float64(pi * l_m)) / F) / Float64(-F))))
end
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * N[(Pi * l$95$m + N[(N[(N[Tan[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision] / (-F)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
l_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
l\_s \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, l\_m, \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}{F}}{-F}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 76.7%

    \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. fma-neg76.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, -\frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right)} \]
    2. distribute-lft-neg-in76.7%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{F \cdot F}\right) \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}\right) \]
    3. sqr-neg76.7%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \left(-\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}}\right) \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]
    4. distribute-neg-frac76.7%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]
    5. metadata-eval76.7%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]
    6. distribute-lft-neg-out76.7%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-F \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]
    7. neg-mul-176.7%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(F \cdot \left(-F\right)\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]
    8. associate-/r*76.7%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{-1}}{F \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]
    9. metadata-eval76.7%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{F \cdot \left(-F\right)} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]
    10. associate-*l/77.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot \left(-F\right)}}\right) \]
    11. *-lft-identity77.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot \left(-F\right)}\right) \]
    12. associate-/r*81.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{-F}}\right) \]
  3. Simplified81.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{-F}\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Final simplification81.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{-F}\right) \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 81.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l\_m \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-133}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{l\_m}{F}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}{F \cdot F}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l_s = (copysign.f64 1 l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  l_s
  (if (<= (* PI l_m) 5e-133)
    (- (* PI l_m) (* (/ PI F) (/ l_m F)))
    (- (* PI l_m) (/ (tan (* PI l_m)) (* F F))))))
l_m = fabs(l);
l_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) <= 5e-133) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * l_m) - ((((double) M_PI) / F) * (l_m / F));
	} else {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * l_m) - (tan((((double) M_PI) * l_m)) / (F * F));
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = Math.abs(l);
l_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((Math.PI * l_m) <= 5e-133) {
		tmp = (Math.PI * l_m) - ((Math.PI / F) * (l_m / F));
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.PI * l_m) - (Math.tan((Math.PI * l_m)) / (F * F));
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = math.fabs(l)
l_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
def code(l_s, F, l_m):
	tmp = 0
	if (math.pi * l_m) <= 5e-133:
		tmp = (math.pi * l_m) - ((math.pi / F) * (l_m / F))
	else:
		tmp = (math.pi * l_m) - (math.tan((math.pi * l_m)) / (F * F))
	return l_s * tmp
l_m = abs(l)
l_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(pi * l_m) <= 5e-133)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(Float64(pi / F) * Float64(l_m / F)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(tan(Float64(pi * l_m)) / Float64(F * F)));
	end
	return Float64(l_s * tmp)
end
l_m = abs(l);
l_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((pi * l_m) <= 5e-133)
		tmp = (pi * l_m) - ((pi / F) * (l_m / F));
	else
		tmp = (pi * l_m) - (tan((pi * l_m)) / (F * F));
	end
	tmp_2 = l_s * tmp;
end
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 5e-133], N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(Pi / F), $MachinePrecision] * N[(l$95$m / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Tan[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
l_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
l\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l\_m \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-133}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{l\_m}{F}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}{F \cdot F}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 4.9999999999999999e-133

    1. Initial program 77.2%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg77.2%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/77.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. *-lft-identity77.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)} \]
      4. sqr-neg77.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
    3. Simplified77.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in l around 0 73.7%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative73.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell}}{F \cdot F} \]
      2. times-frac79.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr79.6%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}} \]

    if 4.9999999999999999e-133 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l)

    1. Initial program 75.6%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg75.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/75.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. *-lft-identity75.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)} \]
      4. sqr-neg75.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
    3. Simplified75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification78.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-133}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 82.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m + \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}{F} \cdot \frac{-1}{F}\right) \end{array} \]
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l_s = (copysign.f64 1 l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (* l_s (+ (* PI l_m) (* (/ (tan (* PI l_m)) F) (/ -1.0 F)))))
l_m = fabs(l);
l_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	return l_s * ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) + ((tan((((double) M_PI) * l_m)) / F) * (-1.0 / F)));
}
l_m = Math.abs(l);
l_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	return l_s * ((Math.PI * l_m) + ((Math.tan((Math.PI * l_m)) / F) * (-1.0 / F)));
}
l_m = math.fabs(l)
l_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
def code(l_s, F, l_m):
	return l_s * ((math.pi * l_m) + ((math.tan((math.pi * l_m)) / F) * (-1.0 / F)))
l_m = abs(l)
l_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	return Float64(l_s * Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) + Float64(Float64(tan(Float64(pi * l_m)) / F) * Float64(-1.0 / F))))
end
l_m = abs(l);
l_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
function tmp = code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = l_s * ((pi * l_m) + ((tan((pi * l_m)) / F) * (-1.0 / F)));
end
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Tan[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-1.0 / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
l_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m + \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}{F} \cdot \frac{-1}{F}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 76.7%

    \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sqr-neg76.7%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. associate-*l/77.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
    3. *-lft-identity77.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)} \]
    4. sqr-neg77.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
  3. Simplified77.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r*81.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
    2. div-inv81.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F} \cdot \frac{1}{F}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr81.1%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F} \cdot \frac{1}{F}} \]
  7. Final simplification81.1%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell + \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F} \cdot \frac{-1}{F} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 82.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}{F}}{F}\right) \end{array} \]
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l_s = (copysign.f64 1 l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (* l_s (- (* PI l_m) (/ (/ (tan (* PI l_m)) F) F))))
l_m = fabs(l);
l_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	return l_s * ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) - ((tan((((double) M_PI) * l_m)) / F) / F));
}
l_m = Math.abs(l);
l_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	return l_s * ((Math.PI * l_m) - ((Math.tan((Math.PI * l_m)) / F) / F));
}
l_m = math.fabs(l)
l_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
def code(l_s, F, l_m):
	return l_s * ((math.pi * l_m) - ((math.tan((math.pi * l_m)) / F) / F))
l_m = abs(l)
l_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	return Float64(l_s * Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(Float64(tan(Float64(pi * l_m)) / F) / F)))
end
l_m = abs(l);
l_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
function tmp = code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = l_s * ((pi * l_m) - ((tan((pi * l_m)) / F) / F));
end
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[Tan[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
l_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l\_m\right)}{F}}{F}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 76.7%

    \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/77.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    2. *-un-lft-identity77.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
    3. associate-/r*81.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
  4. Applied egg-rr81.1%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
  5. Final simplification81.1%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 75.2% accurate, 10.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{l\_m}{F}\right) \end{array} \]
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l_s = (copysign.f64 1 l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (* l_s (- (* PI l_m) (* (/ PI F) (/ l_m F)))))
l_m = fabs(l);
l_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	return l_s * ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) - ((((double) M_PI) / F) * (l_m / F)));
}
l_m = Math.abs(l);
l_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	return l_s * ((Math.PI * l_m) - ((Math.PI / F) * (l_m / F)));
}
l_m = math.fabs(l)
l_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
def code(l_s, F, l_m):
	return l_s * ((math.pi * l_m) - ((math.pi / F) * (l_m / F)))
l_m = abs(l)
l_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	return Float64(l_s * Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(Float64(pi / F) * Float64(l_m / F))))
end
l_m = abs(l);
l_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
function tmp = code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = l_s * ((pi * l_m) - ((pi / F) * (l_m / F)));
end
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(Pi / F), $MachinePrecision] * N[(l$95$m / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
l_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
l\_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l\_m - \frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{l\_m}{F}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 76.7%

    \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sqr-neg76.7%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. associate-*l/77.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
    3. *-lft-identity77.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)} \]
    4. sqr-neg77.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
  3. Simplified77.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in l around 0 69.7%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative69.7%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell}}{F \cdot F} \]
    2. times-frac73.8%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}} \]
  7. Applied egg-rr73.8%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}} \]
  8. Final simplification73.8%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024027 
(FPCore (F l)
  :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (6)"
  :precision binary64
  (- (* PI l) (* (/ 1.0 (* F F)) (tan (* PI l)))))